哈鲁特与马鲁特

Harut And Marut

by Ibn Katheer11 min readViewed 56 times

安拉至尊说:

Allah the Almighty says:

{他们遵从了魔鬼在所罗门（Sulaiman）在位时所散布的（关于巫术的虚妄之言）。所罗门并没有不信，而是魔鬼们不信，他们教导人们巫术，以及降临巴比伦、传给两位天使哈鲁特（Harut）和马鲁特（Marut）的那类东西。但这两位天使在说了"我们只是考验，所以你们不要因学习这巫术而不信"之前，是不会教给任何人的。人们正是从这两位天使那里学到了那些能使人与妻子离散的东西；但若非奉安拉的许可，他们不能借此伤害任何人。他们所学的，是对自己有害而无益的东西。他们确实知道，购买这巫术的人，在后世将毫无份额。他们用来出卖自身的东西是何等恶劣，假如他们有知识的话！如果他们信道，敬畏安拉，那么从他们的主那里得到的报酬必定更好，假如他们有知识的话！}（《古兰经》2:102-103）

{They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us). "And from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which harms them and profits them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter. And how bad indeed was that for which they sold their own selves, if they but knew. And if they had believed and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty to Allah, far better would have been the reward from their Lord, if they but knew!}. (Al-Baqarah, 102, 103)

据阿勒-乌菲在其经注中，以伊本·阿拔斯（愿真主喜悦他）的传述称，关于真主的话：{他们遵循了魔鬼们在苏莱曼（所罗门）在世时所散布的（关于巫术的谎言）。苏莱曼并没有不信，而是那些魔鬼不信，教人巫术，以及巴比伦两位天使哈鲁特和马鲁特所降下的那些东西。这两位天使在说了“我们只是考验，所以你们不要不信（通过向我们学习这种巫术）”之前，不会教给任何人（这些东西）……}：苏莱曼失去王国时，人类和精灵中有很多人叛教，并追随自己的私欲。但当真主使苏莱曼重新获得王国，那些叛教者又重新遵循正道时，苏莱曼收取了他们的经典，并将其埋在自己的宝座下面。不久之后，苏莱曼（愿主福安之）去世。很快，人类和精灵挖出了被埋的经典，并说：这是真主启示给苏莱曼的一部经书，而他把它藏起来不让我们知道。他们将其奉为自己的宗教，于是至高的真主降示了祂的话：{当真主派来的一位使者来到他们中间，印证他们所拥有的经典时，那些曾经领受天启经典的人中有一派竟把真主的经典抛在背后，仿佛他们不知道一样！}（黄牛章，101节），他们遵循了魔鬼们所散布的东西，即乐器、娱乐以及一切妨碍记念真主的事物。

Narrated Al-`Ufi in his interpretation on the authority of Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) pertaining to Allah's Statement {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us).”...} When Sulaiman lost his kingdom, great numbers from among mankind and the jinn renegaded and followed their lusts. But, when Allah restored to Sulaiman his kingdom and the renegade came to follow the Straight Path once again, Sulaiman seized their holy scriptures which he buried underneath his throne. Shortly after, Sulaiman (Peace be upon him) died. In no time, the men and the Jinn uncovered the buried scriptures and said: This was a book revealed by Allah to Sulaiman who hid it from us. They took it as their religion and Allah the Almighty revealed His Saying: {And when there came to them a Messenger from Allah confirming what was with them, a party of those who were given the Scripture threw away the Book of Allah behind their backs as if they did not know!}. (Al-Baqarah, 101) and they followed what the devils gave out, i.e. musical instruments, play and all that blocks the remembrance of Allah.

据伊本·阿比·哈提姆记载：阿什哈只（Abu Sa'id Al-Ashaj）告诉我，他从阿布·乌萨玛（Abu Usamah）处听闻，阿布·乌萨玛从阿马什（Al-A'mash）处听闻，阿马什从敏哈勒（Al-Minhal）处听闻，敏哈勒从赛义德·伊本·朱拜尔（Sa'id Ibn Jubair）处听闻，赛义德·伊本·朱拜尔从伊本·阿拔斯（Ibn `Abbas）处听闻，他说（愿真主喜悦他）：阿绥夫（Asif）是苏莱曼的书记员。他知道真主的至大名，并且按苏莱曼的吩咐书写，然后把书埋在宝座下面。苏莱曼去世后，恶魔把它挖了出来，在每两行字之间写下了巫术和亵渎的内容。他们说：

Narrated Ibn Abu Hatim: I was told by Abu Sa' id Al-Ashaj after Abu Usamah after Al-A' mash after Al-Minhal after Sa'id Ibn Jubair after Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) as saying: Asif was Sulaiman's scribe. He knew the Greatest Name of Allah and used to write what he was ordered to by Sulaiman, then, bury it underneath the throne. After Sulaiman's death, the devils got it out and wrote between each two lines magical and blasphemous things. They said:

"这正是苏莱曼所遵行和践行的。无知的人曾把苏莱曼视为不信道者，并一直辱骂他，直到穆罕默德ﷺ被派遣，带来了那部光荣的古兰经，其中写道："

"this is what Sulaiman used to apply and act upon." The ignorant among the people regarded Sulaiman as a disbeliever and continued to insult him till Muhammad (Peace be upon him) was sent with the Glorious Qur'an that reads:

{他们遵从了魔鬼们在所罗门（Sulaiman）在世时所散布的（关于魔法的虚假之物）。所罗门并未不信，但魔鬼们却不信}。

{They followed what the, Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved}.

据伊本·贾利尔叙述：我从阿布·赛卜·赛莱麦·伊本·朱纳达·萨瓦伊那里听闻，他从阿布·穆阿维叶，阿布·穆阿维叶从艾尔-阿马什，艾尔-阿马什从艾尔-敏哈勒，艾尔-敏哈勒从赛义德·伊本·朱拜尔，赛义德·伊本·朱拜尔以伊本·阿拔斯（愿真主喜悦他）的传述为依据，说道：

Narrated Ibn Jarir: I was told by Abu As-Sa'ib Salamah Ibn Junadah As- Sawa'i after Abu Mu`awiyah after Al-A`mash after Al-Minhal after Sa`id Ibn Jubair on the authority of Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) as saying:

当苏莱曼想要解手，或与他的某位妻子亲近时，他会把戒指交给一位名叫贾拉达的女子。当至高无上的真主想要考验苏莱曼时，他把戒指交给了那位女子。之后，恶魔化作苏莱曼的模样来到她那里，从她手中拿走了戒指。恶魔戴上戒指后，所有人类、精灵和魔鬼都臣服于他。然后，苏莱曼来向她索要戒指，她说："你是个骗子，你不是苏莱曼。"于是，苏莱曼明白这是来自至高无上的真主的考验。

When Sulaiman wanted to answer the call of nature or to make love with any of his wives, he used to give his ring to a woman called Al-Jaradah. When Allah the Almighty wanted to afflict Sulaiman, he gave his ring to that woman. Afterwards, Satan came to her in the form of Sulaiman and took the ring from her. When Satan put the ring on, all mankind, the jinn and Devils submitted to him. Then, Sulaiman came seeking his ring from her and she said: "You are a liar, you are not Sulaiman." Thus, Sulaiman knew that it was a test from Allah the Almighty.

于是,众魔鬼得以随心所欲。它们写下了巫术与渎神的书籍,并将其埋在所罗门的宝座之下。所罗门死后,它们挖出这些书,对人们说:所罗门正是借助这些书才得以成事的。

Upon this, the devils were free to do whatever they wished. So, they wrote down books of black magic and blasphemy which they buried underneath the throne of Sulaiman. After Sulaiman's death, they uncovered these books and said to the people: Verily, Sulaiman used to prevail with the help of these books.

因此,人们撇清了与所罗门的关系,并宣称他是一个信仰不正的人,直到先知穆罕默德ﷺ降临。

Consequently, the people declared their innocence of Sulaiman and declared him to be a disbeliever till the advent of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)

谁带来了这节经文：{sulaiman did not disbelieve...}? Correction: the verse is quoted in the original text as "{Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved}", which should be rendered in Chinese faithfully. 谁带来了这节古兰经经文：{sulaiman 并未不信，但众沙塔尼（恶魔）不信}。然后，伊本·贾里尔说：我从伊本·哈米德那里听到，他得自贾里尔，贾里尔得自侯赛因·伊本·阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼，侯赛因得自伊姆兰，他说：

who came with the Qur'anic Verse that reads: {Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved}. Then, Ibn Jarir said: I was told by Ibn Hamid after Jarir after Husain Ibn `Abdur Rahman after `Imran as saying:

当我们与伊本·阿拔斯（愿安拉喜悦他们）同在时，一个人来了，伊本·阿拔斯问他：你从哪里来？那人说：从伊拉克来。

While we were with Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them), a man came and Ibn `Abbas asked him: Where do you come from? The man said: from Iraq.

伊本·阿拔斯问道:哪座城市?那人说:库法。伊本·阿拔斯问道:那里有什么最新消息?那人说:我离开时,他们正在谈论阿里即将前往他们那里。伊本·阿拔斯(愿安拉喜悦他)说:你怎敢这样说!如果我们觉得(他将离开我们去库法人那里),我们就不会娶他的妻子,也不会瓜分他的财产。不过,我来告诉你真相:天使曾降临到云层上,谈论天上所注定的这样那样的事情。恶魔偷偷窃听这样的事情,下来把它传给占卜者,而占卜者会在其中添上他们自己的一百个谎言。人们相信他们,并视他们为可信之人。安拉至高无上,将此事告知了苏莱曼,并使他能够把这些谎言埋在他的宝座之下。苏莱曼去世后,一个恶魔说:我可以带你们去找苏莱曼最珍爱、最宝贵的宝藏。它就在他的宝座之下。

Ibn `Abbas asked: which city? The man said: Kufa. Ibn `Abbas asked: What is the latest news there? The man said: I left them talking about `Ali's departing for them. Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) said: how dare you say so! If we felt that (he is departing us for the people of Kufa), we would not marry his women, or divide his properties among us. However, I will tell you the truth: the angels used to descend on the clouds and mention this or that matter decreed in the Heaven. The devils listen stealthily to such a matter, come down to inspire the soothsayers with it, and the latter would add to it one hundred lies of their own. The people believe in them and regard them trustworthy. Allah the Almighty informed Sulaiman with the matter and enabled him to bury these lies under his throne. After his death, one of the devils said: I can lead you to Sulaiman's dearest and most precious treasure. It is under his throne.

于是他们发现了它,并说:这是魔法。此后,这种东西仍被传抄和施行,而今伊拉克人所行的,不过是它的残余。真主至高无上启示说:{他们追随了魔鬼们在苏莱曼(所罗门)的国度里所诵述的(关于魔法的谎言)。苏莱曼并没有不信,而是魔鬼们不信,教人魔法,以及降在巴比伦、给哈鲁特和马鲁特两位天使的那些东西。这两位天使在说了"我们只是考验,所以你们不要因学习这种魔法而不信"之前,是不教任何人的。人们从这两位天使那里学会了能使人与其妻子分离的东西,但除非获得真主的允许,他们不能借此伤害任何人。他们学习的是有害于自己、无益于自己的东西。他们确实知道,购买它(魔法)的人在后世没有任何份额}。

Consequently, they uncovered it and said: this is magic. Afterwards, it continued to be copied and acted upon and what the Iraqi people practice nowadays is nothing but its remnants. Allah the Almighty revealed: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us). " And from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man, and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which harms them and profits them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter}.

As-Sadiy 说:安拉的话:{他们追随了沙伊塔尼(恶魔)在所罗门(Sulaiman)在世时所散布的(虚假的巫术)。所罗门并没有不信道,而是那些沙伊塔尼(恶魔)……}

As-Sadiy said: Allah's Saying: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils)

disbelieved}，即魔鬼过去常常偷听天使的谈话，了解关于地上之人的事情：死亡、幽玄之事或真主的前定。然后，它们下来将这些告诉占卜者，占卜者再告诉人们。人们相信他们，视其为可信之人。一次又一次，占卜者信任魔鬼，而魔鬼则在每一句话上又添加一百个自己的谎言。人们开始把这些事记录下来，并在以色列的后裔中流传，说精灵知道幽玄之事。苏莱曼迅速行动，收集了所有这些书写的东西，装进一个箱子里，埋在他的宝座之下。所有试图靠近箱子的魔鬼都被活活烧死。苏莱曼宣布，凡宣称魔鬼知道幽玄之事的人，他都将处以斩首。苏莱曼去世后，以及那些精通此道的虔诚学者去世后，一个化身为人的魔鬼来到人们中间，说：我将带你们找到一座永不枯竭的宝藏。他命令他们挖掘苏莱曼的宝座之下，而他自己则站到一旁。他对他们说：如果你们什么也没找到，就杀了我。他们挖掘后找到了这些书写的东西。于是，魔鬼说：唯有凭借这种魔法，苏莱曼才能统治人类、精灵和飞禽。然后，它飞走了。于是谣言四起，流传开来，说苏莱曼曾是一个施魔法的人。以色列的后裔保存着这些书写的东西，并与先知穆罕默德ﷺ进行辩论。

disbelieved}, i.e. the devils used to listen stealthily to the talks of the angels concerning what happens to those on earth: death, unseen matters or divine ordainments. Then, they come down to inspire the soothsayers with it and the latter would tell the people with it. The people believe in them and regard them trustworthy. Time after time, the soothsayers trusted the devils who later on used to add to each word one-hundred lies of their own. The people started to write down these matters and it circulated among the Children of Israel that the Jinn know the Unseen. Sulaiman moved quickly and gathered all these writings and put them in a chest and buried it under his throne. All the devils who tried to even approach the chest were burnt alive. Sulaiman declared that he would behead anyone who claims that the devils know the Unseen. After Sulaiman's death and that of the godly-scholars who knew it well, a devil came in the form of a human being to the people and said: I will lead you to an everlasting treasure that will never run out. He ordered them to dig under Sulaiman's throne and he took a side. He said to them: kill me if you find nothing. They dug it and found these writings. Thereupon, the devil said: Only with this magic, Sulaiman could overcome mankind, the Jinn and birds. Then, he flew away. It was rumored and circulated that Sulaiman had been a sorcerer. The Children of Israel kept these writings and disputed with Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)

关于他们。但安拉至高无上，向他降示了祂的启示：{他们追随了沙塔尼（恶魔）在所罗门（素莱曼）在世时所散布的（关于魔法的虚假之事）。所罗门没有不信，而是沙塔尼（恶魔）不信。}

regarding them. But Allah the Almighty revealed to him His Saying: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved}.

根据 Ar-Rabi' Ibn Anas 的叙述:犹太人过去常就《讨拉特》(Torah)中的事务向先知穆罕默德ﷺ提问,每当他们提问时,安拉便向他启示那些能够使他战胜并压倒他们的内容。

Narrated Ar-Rabi' Ibn Anas: the Jews used to ask Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) about matters from the Torah, and every time they ask him, Allah reveals to him that with which he defeats and overcomes them.

于是他们说:穆罕默德对我们所接受的启示,比我们自己还更了解!随后,他们向他询问巫术,安拉便降示了祂的经文:{他们遵循魔鬼们在苏莱曼(所罗门)在世时所散布的(关于巫术的虚假说法)。苏莱曼没有不信道,但魔鬼们不信道,教导世人巫术,以及降临巴比伦两位天使哈鲁特和马鲁特身上的那些事物}。祂将此事告知了祂的先知穆罕默德ﷺ。

Thereupon, they said: Muhammad knows what has been revealed to us better than we do! Then, they asked him about sorcery and Allah revealed His Statement: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut}. And He informed His Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)

说魔鬼们写了一本关于巫术和占卜的书，并把它埋在了苏莱曼的王座之下。的确，苏莱曼并不知晓幽玄之事。

that the devils wrote a book about sorcery and soothsaying and buried it under Sulaiman's throne. Verily, Sulaiman was not knowledgeable about the Unseen.

当他死后,恶魔们把那些魔法取了出来,欺骗人们说:

When he died, the devils got that magic out and deceived the people by saying:

这就是苏莱曼过去秘而不宣的知识。先知穆罕默德ﷺ将那段记载告知犹太人，他们便垂头丧气、战败蒙羞地离去。

this is the knowledge which Sulaiman used to secretly keep from you. Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) informed the Jews of that narration and they went out lowering their heads defeated and humiliated.

穆扎欣德就安拉的话语作出解释:{他们遵循了魔鬼们在所罗门的王国里所散布的(关于魔法的)谎言。所罗门并没有不信,而是那些魔鬼不信,他们教导世人魔法,以及降在巴比伦两位天使哈鲁特和马鲁特身上的东西}。魔鬼们曾偷听天使们的谈话,并在所听到的内容上添加两百条谎言。之后,所罗门收走了他们所记录的东西,待他死后,魔鬼们又找回来,教给了世人,那不过是黑魔法而已。

Mujahid said pertaining to Allah's Statement: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut}, the devils used to listen stealthily to the discussions of the angels and add to what they heard twohundred lies. Then, Sulaiman seized what they wrote and after his death they regained it and taught it to the people, it was nothing but blackmagic.

赛义德·伊本·朱拜尔说:苏莱曼过去会搜寻并收集众魔鬼的巫术,将其埋藏在他的宝座之下。魔鬼无法接近它,于是便向人们暗示说,这就是苏莱曼能够制服精灵、风等的知识,而且它就埋在苏莱曼自己的宝座之下。后来,人们将其挖了出来并加以修习。再后来,希贾兹人说:苏莱曼过去修习巫术。于是,安拉至高无上,降示了祂的话语:{他们遵循了魔鬼们在苏莱曼在世时所散布的(关于巫术的虚假之言)。苏莱曼并非不信道,而是魔鬼们不信道,他们教导人们巫术,以及降临于巴比伦、传授给两位天使哈鲁特和马鲁特的那些东西}。穆罕默德·伊本·伊斯哈格·伊本·雅萨尔说:当魔鬼们得知苏莱曼去世的消息后,便写下了各种巫术,如:为了达成某某事,实行某某做法。他们将这些汇集成一本书,用印有苏莱曼戒指上铭文的印章加以封印,并题名为:这是阿绥夫·伊本·巴尔基亚奉众王之王达五德之子苏莱曼之命所写。然后,他们将其埋在(苏莱曼的)宝座之下。过了一段时间,以色列的后裔将其挖了出来,并说:

Sa'id Ibn Jubair said: Sulaiman used to look for and capture the magic of the devils and keep it buried under his throne. The devils could not reach it and thus they inspired to the people that it is the knowledge with which Sulaiman was able to overcome the Jinn, the wind, etc., and that it is buried under his own throne. Afterwards, the people got it out and practiced it. Later, the people of the Hejaz said: Sulaiman used to practice sorcery. Upon this, Allah the Almighty revealed His Saying: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut}. Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Yasar said: when the devils knew of the death of Sulaiman, they wrote down types of sorcery (magic) as thus: to fulfill such and such matters, practice such and such (procedures). They gathered all these in a book and sealed it with a ring bearing the inscription found on Sulaiman's ring and titled it with: This is what was written by Asif Ibn Barkhiya by order of King Sulaiman Ibn Dawud. Then, they buried it under the throne (of Sulaiman). After some time, the Children of Israel got it out and said:

“诚然,所罗门统治我们,仅仅是凭借这些。他们在众人中传播巫术。”当先知穆罕默德ﷺ提到所罗门·本·达五德(Sulaiman Ibn Dawud)是真主派遣的先前使者之一时,麦地那的犹太人说:奇怪啊,穆罕默德竟然宣称所罗门·本·达五德是先知,以真主起誓,他不过是个行巫术的人。于是,真主至高无上降示了祂的经文:{他们遵循了魔鬼们在所罗门在世时所散布的(关于巫术的)谎言。所罗门并未不信,而是那些魔鬼不信,教人巫术,以及降示在巴比伦两位天使哈鲁特和马鲁特身上的东西。然而这两位天使在说了"我们只是考验,所以你不要不信(通过向我们学习这种巫术)"之前,谁也不教。人们从这两位天使那里学会了借以离间丈夫与妻子的法术,但除非获得真主的允许,他们不能借此伤害任何人。他们所学的,是对自己有害而无益的东西。他们确实知道,购买巫术的人在后世将没有任何份额。他们用来出卖自己的东西,是何等糟糕,如果他们曾经有知识的话。}

Verily, Sulaiman ruled over us only with this and they diffused sorcery among the people. When Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) mentioned Sulaiman Ibn Dawud as one of the former Messengers sent by Allah the Almighty, the Jews in Madinah said: Amazingly Muhammad claims that Sulaiman Ibn Dawud was a Prophet, by Allah, he was nothing but a sorcerer. Thereupon, Allah the Almighty revealed His Saying: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)." And from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which harms them and profits them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter. And how bad indeed was that for which they sold their own selves, if they but knew).

据伊本·哲利尔的记载：我从卡西姆那里听说，他是从侯赛因·伊本·哈贾只，经阿布·伯克尔，传自沙赫尔·伊本·豪绍卜的：魔鬼们在苏莱曼不在的时候，把巫术记录下来。他们写道：凡想做某某事的人，应当面向太阳站立，并说某某话；凡想做某某事的人，应当背对太阳站立，并说某某话。他们把这些写在一本书上，书名为："这是阿绥夫·伊本·巴尔基亚奉苏莱曼·伊本·达乌德王之命所写，出自知识的宝藏。"然后，他们把书埋在苏莱曼的宝座之下。苏莱曼去世后，撒旦站出来充当演说者，说："人们啊！苏莱曼不是先知，他只是一个施妖术的人！你们去他的住所和行李中寻找他的巫术吧。"他把人们引到了那埋藏的"宝藏"处。人们说："以真主起誓！苏莱曼是一个用妖术制服我们的巫师。"他们中的信士说："不，他是一位忠诚的先知。"当穆罕默德ﷺ受命为使者，并提到达乌德和苏莱曼时，犹太人说："穆罕默德以假乱真："

Narrated Ibn Jarir: I was told by Al-Qasim after Hussein Ibn Al-Hajjaj after Abu Bakr after Shahr Ibn Hawshab2 as saying: The devils used to write sorcery down when Sulaiman was absent. "They wrote: whosoever wants to do such and such, he should stand facing the sun and say such and such. And, whosoever wants to do such and such, he should stand giving his back to the sun and say such and such." They wrote this in a book titled: "This is what has been written by Asif Ibn Barkhiya by the order of King Sulaiman Ibn Dawud: from the treasures of knowledge." Then, they buried it under Sulaiman's throne. When Sulaiman died, Satan established himself as an orator and said: "O people! Sulaiman was not a prophet; he was only a sorcerer! Go and seek his sorcery in his dwellings and luggage." And he led them to the buried "treasure". The people said: "By Allah! Sulaiman was a sorcerer who subjected us through his magic." The believers from among them said: "Nay, he was a faithful Prophet." When Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) was sent and he mentioned Dawud and Sulaiman, the Jews said: "Muhammad confounds the truth with falsehood:

他把苏莱曼列在先知之中，却说他只是一个被风载着的术士。于是，至高无上的真主降示：{他们遵循了撒旦们在苏莱曼（所罗门）的时代所散布的（关于魔法的虚伪之说）。苏莱曼并没有不信，而是撒旦们不信，他们教人魔法，以及那些降临巴比伦、给哈鲁特和马鲁特两位天使的东西。但这两位天使在说了“我们只是考验，所以你们不要不信（不要向我们学习这种魔法）”之前，是不会教任何人的。}

he puts Sulaiman with the Prophets while he was just a sorcerer who was carried by the wind. Thereupon, Allah the Almighty revealed: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marutbut neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us).

从这两位天使那里,人们学到了用来在男人与他的妻子之间制造离间的东西,但是他们除非得到真主的允许,否则不能借此伤害任何人。他们所学的,是对他们有害而无益的东西。他们确实知道,购买它(巫术)的人在后世将没有任何份额。他们用来出卖自己灵魂的东西是何等糟糕,假如他们有知识的话。

"And from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which harms them and profits them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter. And how bad indeed was that for which they sold their own selves, if they but knew}.

据伊本·贾里尔传述：穆罕默德·伊本·阿卜杜勒·阿拉·萨尼阿尼告诉我，穆尔泰米尔·伊本·苏莱曼告诉他，他说：我听到伊姆兰·伊本·贾里尔从艾布·马吉利兹传述，他说：苏莱曼（愿平安归于他）从每一个有生命的造物那里取得了一份盟约。所以每当有人遭受什么灾祸，他就凭着那份盟约向安拉祈求，那人便痊愈了。

Narrated Ibn Jarir: I was told by Muhammad Ibn`Abdel A`la As-San`ani that he was told by Al-Mu`tamir Ibn Sulaiman who said: I heard ` Imran Ibn Jarir who narrated from Abu Majliz as saying: Sulaiman (Peace be upon him) took from every living creature a covenant. So when any person gets afflicted with anything, he (Sulaiman) asks Allah with that covenant and the person recovers.

不幸的是,人们在这些巫术和魔法中又添油加醋,说:这正是素莱曼·本·达伍德所行的。于是,安拉至高无上,降示了祂的经文:{他们遵循了群魔在素莱曼(所罗门)的统治时期所散布的(关于魔法的)谎言。素莱曼并没有不信,而是群魔不信,他们教导人们魔法,以及巴比伦两位天使哈鲁特和马鲁特所降下的那些东西。这两位天使在对人说"我们只是考验,所以你们不要不信(通过向我们学习这种魔法)"之前,谁也不教。人们从这两位天使那里学到能够离间丈夫与妻子的法术,但除非经安拉允许,他们不能借此伤害任何人。他们所学的,是对自己有害而无益的东西。他们确实知道,购买它(魔法)的人……}

Unfortunately, the people added to this sorcery and magic and said: this is what Sulaiman Ibn Dawud used to act upon. Thereupon, Allah the Almighty revealed His Saying: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did lot disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came town at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)." And from these (angels) people earn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which harms them and profits them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic)

这些人在后世将毫无份额。他们用来出卖自己的东西，实在糟糕透顶，只可惜他们不知道。

would have no share in the Hereafter. And how bad indeed was that for which they sold their own selves, if they but knew}.

Ibn Abu Hatim 记载：`Isam Ibn Rawwad 告诉我，Adam 告诉我，Al-Mas`udi 告诉我，Ziyad（Ibn Mus`ab 的被释奴）告诉我，Al-Hasan 讲述了安拉的话：{他们遵循了恶魔们在所罗门（Sulaiman）在世时所传的（有关魔法的）假话}，他说：

Narrated Ibn Abu Hatim: I was told by `Isam Ibn Rawwad after Adam after Al-Mas`udi after Ziyad the freed slave of Ibn Mus` ab after Al-Hasan pertaining to Allah's Statement: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon)}, as saying:

三分之一是诗歌，三分之一是巫术（魔法），三分之一是占卜。

one-third of poetry, one-third of sorcery (magic), and one-third of soothsaying.

他又说:我从艾哈迈德·本·哈桑那里听闻,他说,易卜拉欣·本·阿卜杜拉·本·布沙尔·瓦斯蒂告诉他,苏鲁尔·本·穆吉拉告诉他,阿巴德·本·曼苏尔告诉他,哈桑解释安拉的话:{他们追随沙坦(恶魔)在苏莱曼(所罗门)在世时所散布的巫术},他说:他们是犹太人,追随了他们在苏莱曼(愿主赐他平安)在世时所散布的东西。在此之前,人们就懂得巫术,但直到苏莱曼在世时才有人追随。

And, he said: I was told by AI-Hasan Ibn Ahmed after Ibrahim Ibn `Abdullah Ibn Bshshar Al-Wasiti after Surur Ibn Al-Mughirah after `Abbad Ibn Mansur after Al- Hasan pertaining to Allah's Statement: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon)}, as saying: they were the Jews who followed what they gave out in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Peace be upon him). Prior to that the people knew sorcery, but it was only followed in the lifetime of Sulaiman.

那些虔敬的早期学者关于此事的言论与叙述，本文是对它们的一个概述，显而易见，其中并不存在任何明显的矛盾。愿真主引导我们所有人走上祂正确而笔直的道路！真主的经文说：{他们追随魔鬼在所罗门在位时所传播的（关于魔法的）虚假之说}，即……

That was a summary of the sayings and narrations of the godly earlier scholars concerning this and it is obvious that there is no clear contradiction between any of them, may Allah guide us all to the Right and Straight Path of His! Allah's Statement: {They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon)}, i.e.

那些曾被赐予早先天启经典的犹太人背弃了它，拒绝先知穆罕默德ﷺ，并跟从了{魔鬼们所散布的（关于巫术的虚假内容）}，即魔鬼们所传述和讲述的内容{在所罗门（Sulaiman）在世之时}。

the Jews who were given an earlier Divine Scripture -gave their backs to it and rejected Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and followed {what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic)},what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic), i.e. what was narrated and related by the devils {in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon)}.

有一点是真实的:魔法在所罗门之子达乌德(愿他们平安)的时代之前就已存在,因为在穆萨(摩西)(愿他平安)在世时就有行巫术的人,而所罗门是在穆萨之后出现的(愿他们二人平安)。至高无上的安拉说:{你难道没有想到以色列后裔在穆萨之后的那群人吗?当时他们对他们的一位先知说:"为我们立一位君王,我们好为安拉的道路而战。"他说:"假如战争为你们规定了,你们会不会不战斗呢?"他们说:"我们在家园被驱逐、子女(家人)被掳为俘虏的情况下,怎能不为安拉的道路而战呢?"但战争命令降临他们时,除了少数人外,他们都转身退却了。安拉是全知不义者(多神教徒和作恶者)的。}(黄牛章,246节)随后,安拉提到了这个故事,其中提到{达乌德(大卫)}

It is true that magic existed before the time of Sulaiman Ibn Dawud (Peace be upon them) because magicians were found in the lifetime of Musa (Moses) (Peace be upon him) and that Sulaiman came after Musa (Peace be upon them both). Allah the Almighty says: {Have you not thought about the group of the Children of Israel after (the time of) Musa (Moses)? When they said to a Prophet of theirs, "Appoint for us a king and we will fight in Allah's Way." He said, "Would you then refrain from fighting, if fighting was prescribed for you?" They said, "Why should we not fight in Allah's Way while we have been driven out of our homes and our children (families have been taken as captives)?" But when fighting was ordered for them, they turned away, all except a few of them. And Allah is All-Aware of the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers)}. (Al- Baqarah, 246) then, Allah mentioned the story in which, {and Dawud (David)

……杀死了查鲁特（Jalut，即歌利亚），安拉赐予他［达伍德（David）］王权［在塔鲁特（Saul）和撒母耳死后］以及智慧（先知身份），并教导他所意欲的知识｝。（黄牛章，251节）以及在易卜拉欣（Ibrahim，愿主赐福他）之前就已存在的萨利赫的族人。

killed Jalut (Goliath), and Allah gave him [Dawud (David)] the kingdom [after the death of Talut (Saul) and Samuel] and Al-Hikmah (Prophethood), and taught him of that which He willed}. (Al-Baqarah, 251) and, the people of Salih who existed before Ibrahim (Peace be upon him)

他们对他们的先知萨利赫说：{你只是被施了魔法的人之一！}（诗人章，153节）

said to their Prophet Salih: {You are only of those bewitched!}. (Ash-Shu' ara', 153)

安拉至高无上说：{以及在巴比伦降给两位天使哈鲁特和马鲁特的那些东西，但这两位（天使）

Allah the Almighty says: {and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut but neither of these two (angels)

……直到他们说："我们只是考验，所以你不要因学习这妖术而不信道。"人们便从这两位天使那里学会了能够在丈夫与妻子之间制造离间的法术。犹太人谎称，安拉至高无上，曾通过吉卜利勒和米卡伊勒的口将妖术降示给素莱曼·本·达五德。但安拉否认了他们的说法，并揭穿了他们的谎言。此外，安拉告知他的使者穆罕默德ﷺ：吉卜利勒和米卡伊勒都没有带着妖术降临，并且宣告素莱曼（愿主福安之）清白，与巫术和黑巫术无关。安拉告知全体世人：妖术不过是恶魔的作为，它们在巴比伦教导人们妖术。而在那里教人妖术的两人，名叫哈鲁特和马鲁特。

taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)." And from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife), i.e. the Jew falsely claimed that Allah Almighty revealed magic on the tongues of Gabriel and Michael to Sulaiman Ibn Dawud, but Allah belied them and showed their falsehood. Moreover, Allah informed His Messenger Muhammad (Peace be upon him) that neither Gabriel, nor Michael has descended with magic and He declared the innocence of Sulaiman (Peace be upon him) from sorcery and black magic. Allah told the whole people that magic is nothing but the work of devils who teach it to the people in Babylon. And, that the two men who used to teach it to the people there were called Harut and Marut.

哈鲁特与马鲁特

相关圣训（及注释）