安拉至大无上,祂说:

Allah the Almighty says:

{我确已赐予鲁格曼智慧(Hikmah,即宗教上的明辨与理解),并对他说:"你当感谢真主。"凡感谢的人,是为自己而感谢;凡忘恩负义的人,真主确是无所需求、当受赞颂的。当鲁格曼在教诲儿子时对他说:"我的儿啊!你不可以任何事物与真主并列为偶像,以物配主确是极大的不义。"而我已嘱咐人要孝敬父母(行善)。}

{And indeed We bestowed upon Luqman AIHikmah (wisdom and religious understanding) saying: "Give thanks to Allah."And whoever gives thanks, he gives thanks for (the good of) his own self. And whoever is unthankful, then verily, Allah is All-Rich (Free of all needs), Worthy of all praise. And (remember) when Luqman said to his son when he was advising him: "O my son! Join not in worship others with Allah. Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed. And We have enjoined on man (to be dutiful and good)

……他的父母。他的母亲怀他时身体日渐虚弱，一重又一重地承受艰辛，他断奶需要两年——你要感谢我，也要感谢你的父母。归于我的，是最终的归宿。但如果他们二人竭力要你与我同拜，以你所不知道的事物作我的配偶，你就不要顺从他们；但在今世要善待他们，并遵循归向我、顺服我之人的道路。然后，你们都要回到我这里，我会告诉你们生前所做的事。 "我的儿子啊！即使那事只有一粒芥子那么重，即使它藏在磐石里，或在天上，或在地下，安拉也必将它带来。安拉确是精细的，确是彻知的。 "我的儿子啊！你要谨守拜功，劝人行善（即独一安拉的信仰以及一切善事），禁人作恶（即不信安拉的独一，各种多神崇拜，以及一切恶事和坏事），对于临到你身上的灾难，你要忍耐。这确是需要坚决去做的事务（是安拉所命令的，没有例外）。 "你不要因骄傲而侧脸对人，不要在大地上狂妄地行走。安拉确是不喜爱任何骄傲自大者的。" "你行路要稳重，说话要低声。最难听的声音，确是驴的叫声。" （《鲁格曼章》，12-19节）

to his parents. His mother bore him in weakness and hardship upon weakness and hardship, and his weaning is in two years -give thanks to Me and to our parents. Unto Me is the final destination. But if they (both) strive with you to make you join in worship with Me others that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not; but behave with them in the world kindly, and follow the path of him who turns to Me in repentance and in obedience.Then to Me will be your return, and I shall tell you what you used to do. "O my son! If it be (anything) equal to the weight of a grain of mustard seed, and though it be in a rock, or in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Verily, Allah is Subtle (in bringing out that grain), Well-Aware (of its place). "O my son! Aqim-As-Salat (perform As-Salat), enjoin (on people) Al-Ma'ruf (Islamic Monotheism and all that is good), and forbid (people) from Al- Munkar (i.e. disbelief in the Oneness of Allah, polytheists of all kinds and all that is evil and bad), and bear with patience whatever befalls you. Verily, these are some of the important commandments (ordered by Allah with no exemption). "And turn not your face away from men with pride, nor walk in insolence through the earth. Verily, Allah likes not any arrogant boaster." "And be moderate (or show no insolence) in your walking and lower your voice. Verily, the harshest of all voices is the braying of the ass"}. (Luqman, 12-19)

他是卢克曼·伊本·安卡·伊本·萨敦。或者如苏海利引述伊本·贾里尔和库泰比所说，他是卢克曼·伊本·塔兰，出自艾莱（耶路撒冷）人。

He is Luqman Ibn 'Anqa' Ibn Sadun. Or, as stated by As-Suhaili from Ibn Jarir and Al-Qutaibi that he is Luqman Ibn Tharan who was from among the people of Aylah (Jerusalem).

他是一位虔诚的人，专心致志地敬拜真主，并且蒙受了智慧。另有说法称，他在达乌德先知在世时曾担任过法官。真主至知。

He was a pious man who exerted himself in worship and who was blessed with wisdom. Also, it is said that he was a judge during the lifetime of Prophet Dawud (Peace be upon him). And, Allah knows best.

据苏夫just Thawri 传述，他从 Al-Ash'ath 那里，经 'Ikrimah 转述，引自 Ibn 'Abbas（愿安拉喜悦他）的话：他是一个埃塞俄比亚奴隶，以木匠为业。 Qatadah 传述，从 'Abdullah Ibn Az-Zubair 那里，他说：我曾向 Jabir Ibn 'Abdullah 询问关于 Luqman 的情况。他说："他身材矮小，鼻子扁平，来自努比亚。" Yahia Ibn Sa'id Al-Ansari 传述，经 Sa'id Ibn Al-Musayib 转述，他说：

Narrated Sufyan Ath- Thawri from Al-Ash'ath after 'Ikrimah on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) as saying: He was an Ethiopian slave who worked as a carpenter. Qatadah narrated from' Abdullah Ibn Az-Zubair as saying: I asked Jabir Ibn 'Abdullah about Luqman. He said: "He was short with a flat nose. He was from Nubia" Narrated Yahia Ibn Sa' id Al-Ansari after Sa' id Ibn Al-Musayib his saying:

卢格曼属于埃及的黑人。他嘴唇厚实，真主至高无上赐予他智慧，但未赐予他先知身份。奥赞尔说：阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·伊本·哈尔马莱告诉我，一个黑人来到赛义德·伊本·穆萨耶卜处向他请求施舍。赛义德说：不要因为你的黑色皮肤而难过，因为在所有人中最优秀的人里有三个黑人：比拉勒·伊本·拉巴赫、马吉'（欧麦尔·伊本·哈塔卜的被释奴），以及智者卢格曼，他是黑人，来自努比亚，嘴唇厚实。

Luqman belonged to the black men of Egypt. He had thick lips and Allah the Almighty granted him wisdom but not Prophethood. Al-Awza'i said: I was told by 'Abdur Rahman Ibn Harmalah: that a black man came to Sa' id Ibn AIMusayib asking him for charity. Sa' id said: do not feel distressed for your black color because there were from among the best of all people three blackmen: Bilal Ibn Rabah, Mahja' (the freed-slave of 'Umar Ibn Al-Khattab), and Luqman, the wise who was black, from Nubia and whose lips were thick.

据阿-A'mash 转述,出自 Mujahid:Luqman 是一个黑人大个子奴隶,嘴唇厚,脚有裂口。'Umar Ibn Qais 说:"Luqman 是一个黑人奴隶,嘴唇厚,脚有裂口。当他向一些人讲道时,有一个人来到他面前说:你不就是某某地方和我一起放羊的那个人吗?Luqman 说:是的,我就是!那人说:那么,是什么使你达到了现在这样的地位?Luqman 说:讲真话,并对与我无关的事保持沉默。"(此圣训由 Ibn Jarir 转述,经由 Ibn Hamid,再经由 Al-Hakam 传承。)

Narrated Al-A'mash after Mujahid: Luqman was a black huge slave, thicklipped, and crackedfooted. 'Umar Ibn Qais said: "Luqman was a black slave, thick-lipped and cracked-footed. It happened while he was preaching some people, a man came to him and said: aren't you the one who used to look after the sheep with me at such and such place? Luqman said: yes, I am! The man said: then, what made you of that position? Luqman said: telling the truth and keeping silent regarding what does not concern me." (This Hadith was narrated by Ibn J arir after lbn Hamid after Al-Hakam)

伊本·艾布·哈提姆说:我从艾布·祖尔阿那里听到,他说,他听萨夫万说,他从瓦利德那里听说,瓦利德从阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·伊本·艾布·叶齐德·伊本·贾比尔那里听说,他说:"至高无上的安拉因卢格曼的智慧而提升了他的地位。曾认识他的一个人见到他,说:'你不就是前些年替某某人看管我的羊的那个奴隶吗?'卢格曼说:'是的!'那人说:'我看到你达到了这样的高位,是什么使你如此高升?'卢格曼说:'是天命,归还所托付的信任,说实话,以及舍弃与我无关的事。'" 伊本·瓦哈卜转述说:我从阿卜杜拉·伊本·阿耶示·菲提亚尼那里听说,他从阿弗拉的被释奴欧麦尔那里听说,他说:"一个人来到有智慧的卢格曼面前,问道:'你是卢格曼吗?你是某某人的奴隶吗?'他说:'是的!'那人说:'你就是那个黑皮肤的牧羊人!'卢格曼说:'至于我的黑色,那是显而易见的,那么是什么让你如此惊讶呢?'那人说:'你经常受到人们的拜访,他们愉快地接受你的裁决!'卢格曼说:'侄儿啊!如果你做我告诉你的事,你也会像这样。'那人说:'是什么?'卢格曼说:'降低我的目光,看管我的舌头,吃合法的食物,保持我的贞洁,履行我的承诺,完成我的约定,款待客人,尊重我的邻居,舍弃与我无关的事。这些使我成为你所看到的这个样子。'" 有一天,阿布·达尔达提到有智慧的卢格曼,说:"他并非因财富、子女、血统或既有的习惯而被赐予智慧,而是他自我克制、沉默寡言、深思熟虑,白天从不睡觉。此外,从未有人见过他吐痰、清嗓子、挤柠檬、大小便、沐浴、过问琐事,或愚蠢地大笑。他十分善辩且博学。当他所有的孩子都死去时,他也没有哭泣或悲号。最后,他常常出入于王公和有权势的人之中,进行调解,深入思考,从中获得教诲。" 因此，正是由于这些品质，他被赐予了那伟大的智慧。

Ibn Abu Hatim said: I was told by Abu Zar' ah that he was told by Safwan after Al- W alid after 'Abdur Rahman Ibn Abu Yazid Ibn Jabir who said: "Allah the Almighty raised Luqman's status for his wisdom. A man used to know him saw him and said: Aren't you the slave of so and so who used to look after my sheep not so long in the past? Luqman said: yes! The man said: What raised you to this high state I see? Luqman said: the Divine Decree, repaying the trust, telling the truth and discarding what does not concern me. " Narrated Ibn Wahb: I was told by 'Abdullah Ibn 'Ayyash Al-Fityani after' Umar, the freed slave of 'Afrah as saying: "A man came to Luqman, the wise and asked: Are you Luqman? Are you the slave of so and so? He said: "Yes!" The man said: You are the black shepherd! Luqman said: As for my black color, it is obviously apparent, so what makes you so astonished? The man said: You became frequently visited by the people who pleasingly accept your judgments! Luqman said: 0 cousin! If you do what I am telling you, you will be like this. The man said: What is it? Luqman said: Lowering my gaze, watching my tongue, eating what is lawful, keeping my chastity, undertaking my promises, fulfilling my commitments, being hospitable to guests, respecting my neighbors, and discarding what does not concern me. All these made me the one you are looking at." One day Abu Ad-Darda' mentioned Luqman the wise and said: He was not granted wisdom because of wealth, children, lineage, or given habits, but he was self-restrained, taciturn, deep-thinking, and he never slept during the day. In addition, no one has ever seen him spitting, clearing his throat, squeezing the lemon, answering the call of nature, bathing, observing trivialities, or foolishly laughing. He was very eloquent and well-versed. He did not weep or cry when all his children died. Finally, he used to frequent the princes and men of authority to mediate and think thoroughly and find admonition. So, because of all these he was granted that great wisdom.

有人声称他曾被提议担任先知之职，但他担心无法承担其要求与义务，因此选择了智慧，因为智慧更容易。这一说法不可能完全属实——真主至知。'Ikrimah也转述说：Luqman是一位先知。1

Some people claimed that he was offered Prophethood, and that he feared not to be able to carry out its requirements and obligations. Thus, he chose to have wisdom for it is easier -this cannot be totally true -and Allah knows best! 'Ikrimah also narrated that: Luqman was a Prophet.1

这段传述的次级传述人非常弱，Al-Ja' fi 被伊玛目 Al-Bukhari 和 An-Nasa'i 列入了弱传述人之中。

1This narration is very weak for the sub-narrator, Al-Ja' fi is mentioned by Imams Al-Bukhari and An-Nasa'i among the Weak Narrators.

然而,大多数学者认为他是一位智者,而非先知。此外,他在《古兰经》中被提及,并受到安拉至高者的高度赞扬。安拉叙述了他对自己儿子的教诲,他说:{我的儿子啊!不要以任何事物与安拉并列为主宰,以物配主确是极大的不义}。因此,他禁止儿子以物配主,并警告他不要以任何事物与安拉并列。伊玛目布哈里说:我听闻古太白传述,由贾里尔传述,由阿迈施传述,由易卜拉欣传述,由阿勒very格玛传述,由阿卜杜拉说:"当这节经文降示时:{信道而未以不义混淆其信仰的人们……}"

However, the majority of scholars are of the view that he was a wise man and not a Prophet. Moreover, he was mentioned in the Glorious Qur'an and was highly praised by Allah the Almighty Who narrates his advice to his own son in which he says: {O my son! Join not in worship others with Allah. Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed}, so he forbade his son and warned him against joining others in worship with Allah. Imam Al-Bukhari said: I was told by Qutaibah after Jarir after Al-A'mash after Ibrahim after 'Alqamah after 'Abdullah as saying: "When the Verse: {It is those who believe and do not confuse their belief with wrong (i.e.

……与他人一同崇拜真主}（《牲畜》，82）降示时，我们说：

joining others in worship with Allah} (Al-An' am, 82) was revealed, we said:

“安拉的使者啊！我们当中谁没有亏待过自己呢？”他ﷺ回答说：“事情并非你们所说的那样。经文中的‘亏待’指的是‘以物配主’（SHIRK，即在崇拜中把他物与安拉并列）。难道你们没有听过卢格曼对他儿子的教诲吗？{我的儿子啊！你不要以物配主，以物配主确是重大的不义。}”（卢格曼章，第13节）

"0 Allah's Messenger! Who is there amongst us who has not done wrong to himself?" He (Peace be upon him) replied: "It is not as you say, for 'wrong' in the Verse and' do not confuse their belief with wrong' means 'SHIRK' (i.e. joining others in worship with Allah). Haven't you heard Luqman's saying to his son, {O my son! Join not others in worship with Allah, verily joining others in worship with Allah is a great wrong indeed}." (Luqman, 13)

接着,安拉告知我们祂对人类的劝诫,要善待父母。祂陈述了父母对子女的权利,并命令我们即便父母是多神教徒,也要善待他们。但是,如果他们邀请子女与安拉并拜others,子女不应服从他们。随后,安拉接续了卢꞉克曼对其儿子的劝诫,说:{我的儿啊!即使是一粒芥子的重量,即使在岩石里,或在天上,或在地下,安拉也必将它带来。安拉确是精细的,是彻知的。},也就是说,他禁止儿子哪怕以最微小的方式去伤害他人,因为安拉必将把它带出来,并在复活日清算他。至高的安拉说:{安拉绝不亏枉任何人,即使一个微尘的重量也不亏枉。}(妇女章,40节),又说:{在复活日,我们将设立公正的天平,任何灵魂都不会受到丝毫的亏枉。即使是一粒芥子的重量,我们也必定将它带来。我们足以作清算者。}(众先知章,47节)。他告诉儿子,即使那恶行只有一粒芥子的重量,或在坚硬的岩石中,或在天上,或在地下,安拉也必将它带出来,因为祂确知它的确切位置。{安拉确是精细的,是彻知的。}至高的安拉还说:{幽玄的钥匙,唯有祂掌握,除祂之外无人知道。祂知道陆地和海洋中的一切,任何一片树叶的飘落,祂都知道;大地黑暗深处的任何一粒种子,以及任何鲜活或干枯的事物,都record在明白的经典中。}(牲畜章,59节),又说:{天上和地下没有任何隐秘之事,不在明白的经典中(即保护的天簿)。}(蚂蚁章,75节),以及:{幽玄的全知者,它必将降临你们;即使一个微尘的重量或比它更小、更大的事物,都逃不出祂的知识。} ……在天上或地上，但它都记录在一部清晰的典籍之中（即“受保护的石板”）{……}（赛伯along，3）。 Note: the fragment begins mid-verse, so I translated it as given. Corrected rendering of the Qur'an reference: 在天上或地上，但它都记录在一部清晰的典籍之中（即“受保护的石板”）{……}（赛伯along，3）。 Final: 在天上或在地上，它都在一部明白的典籍之中（即“受保护的石板”）}（赛伯along，3）。

Then, Allah informs us of His advice to mankind to take care of parents. He states their rights on the children and orders us to be kind with them even if they were polytheists. But, one should not obey them if they invite him to join others in worship with Allah. Then Allah resumes Luqman's advice to his son saying: {O my son! If it be (anything) equal to the weight of a grain of mustard seed, and though it be in a rock, or in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Verily, Allah is Subtle (in bringing out that grain), Well-Aware (of its place)}, i.e. he forbids him to do wrong to the people even in the slightest way, for Allah will bring it forth and bring him to account on the Day of Resurrection. Allah Almighty says: {Surely! Allah wrongs not even of the weight of an atom (or a small ant)} (An-Nisa', 40) and, {And We shall set up balances of justice on the Day of Resurrection, then none will be dealt with unjustly in anything. And if there be the weight of a mustard seed, We will bring it. And Sufficient are We to take account} (Al-Anbiya', 47) and, he told him if that wrong deed was equal to the weight of a grain of mustard seed, or if it was in a solid rock, or in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth for He knows its exact place, {Verily, Allah is Subtle (in bringing out that grain), Well-Aware (of its place)}. Allah Almighty also says: {And with Him are the keys of the Ghaib (all that is hidden), none knows them but He. And He knows whatever there is in the land and in the sea; not a leaf falls, but He knows it. There is not a grain in the darkness of the earth nor anything fresh or dry, but is written in a Clear Record} (Al-An'am, 59) and, {And there is nothing hidden in the heaven and the earth but it is in a Clear Book (i.e. Al-Lauh Al-Mahfuz)} (An-Naml, 75) and, {the All-Knower of the Unseen, it will come to you; not even the weight of an atom (or a small ant) or less than that or greater escapes His Knowledge in .the heavens or in the earth but it is in a Clear Book (Al-Lauh Al-Mahfuz)} (Saba', 3).

As-Sadiy claimed that the rock mentioned in the Verse is that which lies beneath the seventh earth. But this claim is totally rejected, for the word "rock" is indefinite, and if his claim were true, it would be "the rock". So, "rock" here means any rock whatever and not a particular one. Narrated Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: "If any of you performs deeds in a solid rock that has no door or hole, his deeds, whatever they are, will come out (to the public)." Then, Luqman said: {O my son! Aqim-As-Salah (perform As-Salah)}, i.e. perform it properly and in due time. Then, he said: {enjoin (on people) Al-Ma'ruf (Islamic Monotheism and all that is good), and forbid (people) from Al-Munkar (i.e. disbelief in the Oneness of Allah, polytheists of all kinds and all that is evil and bad)}, i.e. with your full power, with your hand, tongue, and if you could not, let it be with your heart (i.e. reject and resent it). Then, he advised him to observe patience, saying: {and bear with patience whatever befalls you}, for if one enjoins what is good and forbids the evil, he will probably be regarded as an enemy by certain people (but the final reward would surely be his). For this, he commanded him to observe patience. {Verily, these are some of the important commandments (ordained by Allah with no exemption)} that are inevitable and cannot be neglected.

As-Sadiy claimed that the rock mentioned in the Verse is that which lies beneath the seventh earth. But, this claim is totally rejected for the word "rock" is indefinite and if his claim were true, it would be "the rock". So, "rock" here means any rock whatever and not a particular one. Narrated Abu Sa'id Al- Khudri after Prophet Muhammad (Peace be up9n him) as saying: "If any of you performs deeds in a solid rock that has no door or hole, his deeds, whatever they are, will come out (to the public)." Then, Luqman said: {O my son! Aqim-As- Sa.lah (perform As-Salah)}, i.e. perform it properly and in due time. Then, he said: {enjoin (on people) Al-Ma'ruf (Islamic Monotheism and all that is good), and forbid (people) from Al-Munkar (i.e. disbelief in the Oneness of Allah, polytheists of all kinds and all that is evil and bad)}, i.e. with your full power, with your hand, tongue and if you could not, let it be with your heart (i.e. reject and resent it). Then, he advised him to observe patience saying: {and bear with patience whatever befalls you}, for if one enjoins what is good and forbids the evil, he will probably regarded as enemy to certain people (but, the final reward would surely be his). For this, he commanded him to observe patience. {Verily, these are some of the important commandments (ordered by Allah with no exemption)} that are inevitable and cannot be neglected.

安拉至高无上说:{你不要因骄傲而侧脸不理人},伊本·阿拔斯、穆贾希德、伊克里玛、赛义德·本·朱拜尔、阿德-达哈克、叶兹德·本·阿萨姆、艾卜·朱尔佐以及其他人传述:这是指不应炫耀或傲慢。

Allah the Almighty says: {And turn not your face away from men with pride}, narrated Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Sa`id Ibn Jubair, Ad-Dahhak, Yazid Ibn Al-Asam, Abu Al-Jawza' and others: This means one shouldn't be showy or arrogant.

安拉至高无上说：{不要在大地上趾高气扬地行走。

Allah the Almighty says: {nor walk in insolence through the earth.

“诚然，安拉不喜爱任何傲慢自夸的人”——此处，鲁ഖ曼禁止他的儿子在走路时趾高气扬。安拉至高无上说：{你不要在地上傲慢地行走，你绝不能穿透大地，也绝不能高如山岳。}（《伊斯拉》，37）即，你既不能用快速的步伐或有力的脚步走遍大地，也不能穿透大地；你也不能因炫耀或傲慢而高过山岳。所以，要好好认识自己，因为你只是一个人（被创造来唯独崇拜安拉）。先知圣训说：

Verily, Allah likes not any arrogant boaster}, here, Luqman forbids his son to strut in his walk. Allah the Almighty says: {And walk not on the earth with conceit and arrogance. Verily, you can neither rend nor penetrate the earth, nor can you attain a stature like the mountains in height}. (AlIsra', 37) i.e. you will neither be able to tread the whole earth, nor penetrate it with your fast walking or strong footsteps, nor will you be as high as mountains with your showing-off or arrogance. So, know yourself well, for you are only a human being (created to worship Allah Alone). The Prophetic Hadith states:

"当一个人拖着衣服、傲慢地行走时，他被大地吞没，将一直陷在其中，直到复活日。"（由伊玛目布哈里在其《圣训实录》中转述）另一段圣训说："当心拖着衣服傲慢行走，因为这是炫耀，而真主不喜爱这种行为。"至高无上的真主说：{真主确实不喜爱任何傲慢自夸的人}。

"While a man was walking, dragging his dress with pride, he was caused to be swallowed by the earth and will go on sinking in it till the Day of Resurrection." (Transmitted by Imam Al-Bukhari in his Sahih) Another Prophetic Hadith states that: "Beware dragging your dress with pride, for this is boastfulness which is not loved (liked) by Allah " Allah the Almighty says: {Verily, Allah likes not any arrogant boaster}.

After Luqman forbids his son to walk boastfully, he orders him to be moderate in his walking, saying: {And be moderate (or show no insolence)

After Luqman forbids his son to walk boastfully, he orders him to be moderate in his walking, saying: {And be moderate (or show no insolence)

……在你的行走中}，即不要走得太快，也不要太慢，而要采取中间的步伐。{至仁主（安拉）的（忠实的）仆人，是那些谦卑而稳重地行走在大地上的人；当愚昧的人以恶语与他们交谈时，他们以温和柔软的话语回答}。（古兰经 25:63）随后，鲁格曼说：{你要放低你的声音}，即如果你说话，不要大声喊叫，因为驴的嘶鸣是所有声音中最难听的。

in your walking}, i.e. do not walk fast or too slow, rather take a course inbetween, {And the (faithful) slaves of the Most Gracious (Allah) are those who walk on the earth in humility and sedateness, and when the foolish address them (with bad words) they reply back with mild words of gentleness}. (Al-Furqan, 63) Then, Luqman says: {and lower your voice}, i.e. if you talk, do not raise your voice very loudly because the braying of the ass is the harshest of all voices.

艾布·胡莱赖familiar: 艾布·胡莱赖（愿安拉喜悦他）传述：先知ﷺ说：“你们若听见公鸡鸣叫，就求安拉赐福，因为它们看见了天使；你们若听见驴叫，就求安拉保佑你们免遭恶魔的侵害，因为它们看见了恶魔。”（布哈里在其《圣训实录》中辑录）。因此，禁止无故大声喧哗。但在宣礼（召唤拜功）和战场上提高声音是允许的。

Narrated Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: "When you hear the crowing of cocks, ask for Allah's Blessings for (their crowing indicates that) they have seen an angel. And when you hear the braying of donkeys, seek Refuge with Allah from Satan for (their braying indicates) that they have seen a Satan." (Transmitted by Imam Al-Bukhari in his Sahih). For this, it is forbidden to raise one's voice needlessly. But, raising the voice with the Adhan (the Call to Prayer) and in the battlefield is permitted.

这些是《古兰经》中提到的鲁格曼对其儿子的劝诫。另有许多劝诫记载于一部名为《鲁格曼的智慧》（Hikmat Luqman）的书中。从这部珍贵的著作中，我们摘录如下：

These are the pieces of advice given by Luqman to his son that are mentioned in the Glorious Qur'an. Many others have been mentioned in a book titled Hikmat Luqman (Luqman's Wisdom). From this valuable book, we cite the following:

据伊玛目艾哈迈德记载，伊本·欧麦尔（愿真主喜悦他们两人）

Narrated Imam Ahmed that Ibn 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with both of them)

我们得到安拉的使者ﷺ的告知：“智者鲁格曼曾说：凡是托付给安拉的东西，祂必定会保全它。”9

said: We were told by Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) that: "Luqman, the wise used to say: If anything was entrusted to Allah, He would preserve it.”9

据伊本·哈提姆传述，阿勒-卡西姆·伊本·穆赫迈米拉报告：安拉的使者ﷺ说："卢格曼在劝诫其子时对他说：'我的儿子啊！你要戒备说谎，因为它是夜间的背叛，白天的耻辱。'" 达穆拉传述自阿斯-萨里·伊本·叶海亚，他说：卢格曼对他的儿子说："我的儿子啊！的确，智慧曾把贫穷的人引到了君王的宫廷。"

Narrated Ibn Hatim that Al-Qasim Ibn Mukhaimirah reported that Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) said: "Luqman said to his son when he was advising him: "0 my son! Beware of masking for it is treason by night and dispraise during the day. " Narrated Damurah after As-Sariy Ibn Yahia as saying: Luqman said to his son: "On my son! Verily, wisdom has brought the indigent to the courts of kings.

我父亲告诉我：他从'Abdah Ibn Sulaiman处听闻，后者从Ibn Al-Mubarak处听闻，后者从'Abdur Rahman Al-Mas'udi处听闻，后者从'Aun Ibn 'Abdullah处听闻，他说：Luqman对他的儿子说："哦，我的儿子！如果你来到一群人的聚会处，就先用问候语向他们致意（说"As-Salamu 'Alaikum"（愿平安与你同在）），然后找个位置坐下，在他们开口说话之前不要说一句话。如果你发现他们在纪念安拉，就加入他们。但如果他们做的是别的事，就离开他们，去寻找其他（纪念安拉至高无上者的人）。" 我父亲告诉我：他从'Amr Ibn 'Uthman处听闻，后者从Damurah Ibn Hafs Ibn 'Umar处听闻，他说："Luqman在身边放了一袋芥菜籽，开始劝导他的儿子，每给他一条劝诫，就给他一粒芥菜籽，直到袋子空了。"

I was told by my father after 'Abdah lbn Sulaiman after Ibn Al-Mubarak after 'Abdur Rahman Al-Mas' udi after 'Aun Ibn 'Abdullah as saying: Luqman said to his son: "0 my son! If you come to a people's setting, start them with salutation (Saying As-Salamu 'Alaikum (Peace be with you)), then, take a side and do not utter a word till they speak. If you find them observing the Remembrance of Allah, join them. But, if they observe anything else, turn away from them and seek others (who remember Allah Almighty). " I was told by my father after 'Amr Ibn 'Uthman after Damurah Ibn Hafs Ibn 'Umar as saying: "Luqman placed a bag of mustards beside him and started to advise his son, giving him with every piece of advice a mustard till it all ran out.

他说:"我的儿子啊!我给你的劝诫,即使是一座山接受了,它也会裂开。"

He said: 0 my son! I gave you advice that if a mountain was given, it would split.

他说道:然后,他的儿子仿佛被击中了一般。" 伊本·阿拔斯(愿安拉喜悦他)传述:"你们要照顾黑人,因为他们中有三人是乐园的居民:有智慧的鲁格曼、奈贾希和比拉勒(宣礼者)。"(然而,这段圣训是孤立且被否定的。)

He said: then, his son was as if struck. " Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "Take care of the black men for three from among them are of the people of Paradise: Luqman the wise, Negus and Bilal (the Caller to Prayer)." (However, this Hadith is odd and rejected).

伊玛目艾哈迈德在其著作《Az-Zuhd》（《苦行》）中记载了卢格曼的生平以及许多其他宝贵的内容。他说：瓦基尔告诉我，据苏夫扬所述，据一位不知名的人所述，据穆扎希德所述，他说：安拉的话语：

Imam Ahmed, in his book Az-Zuhd (Asceticism), mentioned Luqman' s biography and many other valuable things. He said: I was told by Waki' after Sufyan after an unidentified man after Mujahid as saying: Allah's Statement:

{而我确已赐予鲁格曼智慧}，即智慧与宗教上的理解。他补充说：他不是先知。瓦哈卜·本·穆纳比赫也有同样的记载。

{And indeed We bestowed upon Luqman Al-Hikmah}, i.e. wisdom and religious understanding. He added: he was not a Prophet. The same was narrated by Wahb Ibn Munabih.

瓦基尔告诉我们：苏夫扬告诉他，阿什阿斯告诉他，伊克利迈告诉他，伊本·阿拔斯（愿安拉喜悦他）说：卢格曼是一个埃塞俄比亚奴隶。

Waki' told us after Sufyan after Ash'ath after 'Ikrimah after Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) that he said: Luqman was an Ethiopian slave.

阿斯瓦德告诉我们：哈马德转述，阿里·本·叶兹德转述，赛义德·本·穆萨耶卜说：卢格曼曾是一名裁缝。

Aswad told us after Hammad after 'Ali Ibn Yazid after Sa'id Ibn Al-Musaiyb as saying: Luqman was a tailor.

赛亚尔告诉我们，引自贾法尔，引自马立克·本·第纳尔，他说：卢格曼对他的儿子说："我的儿子啊！把服从真主当作你的买卖，你将获利，却无需任何货物。"叶兹德告诉我们，引自艾布·阿沙卜，引自穆罕默德·本·瓦西厶，他说：

Saiyar told us after Ja'far after Malik Ibn Dinar as saying: Luqman said to his son: "0 my son! Take Allah's Obedience as your trade, and you will gain profits without having any merchandises." Yazid told us after Abul Ashhab after Muhammad Ibn Wasi' as saying:

路各曼对他的儿子说:"我的儿啊!你要敬畏安拉,不要让人们察觉你敬畏祂以求得他们的尊敬,而你的心却是有罪的。" 叶兹德·伊本·哈马尼和瓦基尔告诉我们,他们听阿布·沙哈卜说,他听哈立德·拉比尔说:"路各曼是一名埃塞俄比亚奴隶,以做木匠为业。一天,他的主人命令他宰一只山羊,并把其中最美味、最可口的两个部位带给他。路各曼照做了,把舌头和心脏带了过来。主人问:'难道你找不到比这两样更美味的东西吗?'"

Luqman said to his son: "0 my son! Fear Allah and do not let the people notice that you fear Him to gain honor (from them) while your heart is sinful." Y azid Ibn Hamn and Waki' told us after Abul AShhab after Khalid Ar-Rab'i as saying: "Luqman was an Ethiopian slave who worked as a carpenter. One day, his master ordered him to slaughter a goat and bring him the most pleasant and delicious two parts thereof. Luqman did so and brought him the tongue and heart. The master asked: Did not you find anything more pleasant than these?

卢克曼说:不!过了一会儿,主人吩咐他宰一只山羊,并把其中最恶劣的两部分扔掉。卢克曼宰了山羊,扔掉了舌头和心脏。主人惊呼道:我吩咐你拿来其中最美味的部分,你却拿来了舌头和心脏;我吩咐你扔掉其中最恶劣的部分,你却扔掉了舌头和心脏,这是怎么回事?卢克曼说:如果它们是好的,那么没有什么比它们更令人愉悦;如果它们是恶劣的,那么没有什么比它们更邪恶。 达武德·伊本·拉希德转述:伊本·穆巴拉克告诉我们,穆阿米尔告诉我们,来自巴士拉的一个人艾布·乌斯曼说:卢克曼对他的儿子说:"我的儿子啊!不要希望与愚昧的人交朋友,以免他认为你赞同他的愚昧。"

Luqman said: No! After a while, the master ordered him to slaughter a goat and to throw the most malignant two parts thereof. Luqman slaughtered the goat and threw the tongue and heart. The master exclaimed and said: I ordered you to bring me the most delicious parts thereof and you brought me the tongue and heart, and I ordered you to throwaway the most malignant parts thereof and you threw the tongue and heart, how can this be? Luqman said: Nothing can be more pleasing than these if they were good, and nothing can be more malicious than these if they were malignant." Dawud Ibn Rashid told us after Ibn Al-Mubarak after Mu'amir after Abu 'Uthman, a man from Basrah, as saying: Luqman said to his son: "0 my son! Do not wish for befriending a fool that he may think you approve his foolishness.

"不要轻易地去激怒有智慧的人，这样他才会远离你。"达吾德·伊本·尤赛德告诉我们：伊斯马仪·伊本·阿耶什告诉我们，达姆达姆·伊本·扎尔阿告诉我们，舒赖哈·伊本·乌拜德·哈达拉米告诉我们，阿卜杜拉·伊本·宰德说：鲁格曼说："真主的手放在有智慧之人的口上；他们中没有一人说话，除非是真主为他所定的。"阿卜杜勒·拉札格告诉我们，他听到伊本·朱莱哲说：我过去夜里会蒙着头，欧麦尔对我说：你没有听说鲁格曼曾说过吗：

And, do not take the wise man's rage easily that he may abstain from you." Dawud Ibn Usaid told us after Isma'il Ibn 'Ayyash after Damdam Ibn Zar'ah after Shuraih Ibn 'Ubaid Al-Hadrami after 'Abdullah Ibn Zaid as saying: Luqman said: "Verily, Allah's Hand is on the mouths of wise men; none of them speaks but with what Allah assigned for him." 'Abdur Razzaq told us that he heard Ibn Juraij as saying: I used to mask my head at night and `Umar said to me: Did not you hear that Luqman had said:

在白天戴面罩是一种羞辱，在夜晚戴则是一种非议。那么，你为什么在夜里蒙面呢？ 他说："Luqman 没有负债。"我从 Hasan 那里听说，他转述自 Al-Junaid，Al-Junaid 转述自 Sufyan，Sufyan 说：Luqman 对他的儿子说："我的儿子啊！我从未因为沉默而后悔。如果言语是银，那么沉默就是金。" 我从 'Abdul Samad 和 Waki' 那里听说，他们转述自 Abul Ashhab，Abul Ashhab 转述自 Qatadah，Qatadah 说：Luqman 对他的儿子说："我的儿子啊！远离邪恶，它就会远离你，因为邪恶除了滋生邪恶，别无所生。" Imam Ahmed 叙述：我从 'Abdur Rahman Ibn Mahdi 那里听说，他转述自 Nafi' Ibn 'Umar，Nafi' Ibn 'Umar 转述自 Ibn Abu Malikah，Ibn Abu Malikah 转述自 'Ubaid Ibn 'Umair，他说：Luqman 在劝诫儿子时说："我的儿子啊！要精心选择你所参加的聚会！如果你发现一个提到安拉的聚会，就与他们同坐。这样，如果你有知识，你的知识会使你受益；如果你无知，他们会教导你；如果安拉要给他们降福，你也会因此而受益。我的儿子啊！不要坐在一个没有提到安拉的聚会中！因为如果你有知识，你的知识不会使你受益；如果你无知，他们会增加你的无知；如果安拉要降灾于他们，你也会与他们一同受灾。我的儿子啊！看到一个残害信徒鲜血的强者，不要因此而欢喜，因为安拉会为他安排一个永不死亡的杀手。" Abu Mu'awiyah 告诉我们，他转述自 Hisham Ibn 'Urwah，Hisham Ibn 'Urwah 转述自他的父亲，他说：

masking during the day is humiliation and at night is dispraise. So, why do you mask yourself at night? He said: "Luqman was not indebted." I was told by Hasan after Al-Junaid after Sufyan as saying: Luqman said to his son: "0 my son! I have never regretted because of keeping silent. If words are silver, silence is golden." I was told by 'Abdul Samad and Waki' after Abul Ashhab after Qatadah as saying: Luqman said to his son: "0 my son! Set apart with evil and it will set apart with you, for evil begets nothing but evil." Narrated Imam Ahmed: I was told by 'Abdur Rahman Ibn Mahdi after Nafi' Ibn 'Umar after Ibn Abu Malikah after 'Ubaid Ibn 'Umair as saying: Luqman said to his son when he was advising him: "0 my son! Choose between gatherings (of people) precisely! If you find a gathering in which Allah is mentioned, sit yourself with them. Thus, if you are knowledgeable, your knowledge will benefit you; but, if you are ignorant, they will teach you; and if Allah wishes to do them good, you will be benefited therewith. 0 my son! Do not sit in a gathering in which Allah is not mentioned! Because if you are knowledgeable, your knowledge will not benefit you; and if you are ignorant, they will add to your ignorance; and if Allah wishes to afflict them with harm, you will be afflicted with them. 0 my son! Do not rejoice at seeing a strong man who sheds the blood of the faithful, for Allah appoints for him a killer that does not ever die." Abu Mu'awiyah told us after Hisham Ibn 'Urwah after his father as saying:

"智慧教导说:'我的儿子啊:让你的言语良善,让你的面容带笑,你将比那些给人钱粮的人更受人喜爱。'"他又说:"智慧之言中有载:'或者说《讨拉特》中有载:"仁慈是智慧之首。"'"他又说:"《讨拉特》中有载:'你怎样怜悯别人,别人也会怎样怜悯你。'"他又说:"智慧之言中有载:

"Wisdom dictates: 0 my son: Let your speech be good and your face be smiling, you will be more loved by the people than those who give them provisions." And, he said: "It is stated in the wisdom -or the Torah - : "Kindness is the head of wisdom." And, he said: "It is stated in the Torah: "As you show mercy (to others), mercy will be shown to you." And, he said: "It is stated in the wisdom:

"你将收获你所付出的（或者说，你所种植的）。"他还说："智慧之言中有载：'爱你的朋友，也爱你父亲的朋友。'"阿卜杜·拉兹扎格告诉我们：他从穆阿迈尔那里，从阿尤布那里，从艾布·古拉巴那里听说，他曾这样说。

"You will gain what you give (or, harvest what you grow)." And, he said: "It is stated in the wisdom: "Love your friend and the friend of your father." `Abdur Razzaq told us after Mu'amir after Ayyub after Abu Qulabah as saying:

有人曾问讴曼（Luqman）：谁是最有耐心的人？他说：是在忍耐之后仍不伤害他人的人。他们又问：谁是最有学问的人？他说：是借助他人的知识来增长自己知识的人。他们问：在所有人当中，谁是最好的人？他说：是富足的人。他们说：是拥有财产和财富的人吗？他说：不是！而是这样的人：当别人向他寻求善举时，他不会吝啬或阻止；他也不需要依赖他人。

Luqman was once asked: Who is the best one in terms of patience? He said: It is the one who practices no harm after observing patience. Those who asked him said: Who is the best one in terms of knowledge? He said: It is he who adds to his own knowledge through the knowledge of others. They asked: Who is the best from among the whole people? He said: It is the wealthy. They said: Is it the one who has properties and riches? He said: No! But, it is the one if whose good was sought, he would not hold it back or prevent it. And, it is the one who does not need anything from others.

据苏夫扬·本·欧拜奈传述：有人问鲁格曼：“谁是最恶劣的人？”他回答：“是那种被发现做了罪恶之事却不感到羞耻的人。”

Narrated Sufyan Ibn 'Uyaynah: Luqman was asked: Who is the worst of all people? He replied: It is the one who does not feel shame if found committing a sinful deed.

阿布·萨默德告诉我们，马立克·伊本·迪纳尔曾说：我发现了一些智慧的话语，内容如下："全能的安拉会驱散并毁弃那些迎合人们私欲与情欲来发表宗教见解之人的骨头。"还有："你若学了新的知识，却不去实践已经学过的东西，那对你毫无益处。这就像一个人收集了一堆干柴，却背不动，于是又去收集第二堆。" 阿布杜拉·伊本·艾哈迈德说：我从哈克姆·伊本·阿布·祖海尔·伊本·穆萨那里听说，他是从法拉吉·伊本·富达拉那里听来的，法拉吉是从阿布·赛义德那里听来的，他说：卢格曼对他的儿子说："0

Abu As-Samad told us after Malik Ibn Dianr as saying: I found some pieces of-wisdom as follows: "Allah Almighty scatters and wastes the bones of those who give religious opinions that go with the people's lusts and desires." And, "There is no good for you that you learn something new while you do not practice what you have learnt previously. This is like a man who gathere.d a pile of dry wood, then tried to carry it but couldn't. Thereupon, he collected a second one." 'Abdullah Ibn Ahmed said: I was told by Al-Hakam Ibn Abu Zuhair Ibn Musa after Al-Faraj Ibn Fudalah after Abu Sa'id as saying: Luqman said to his son: "0

"我的儿子啊!只让虔诚的人吃你的食物,遇事要向学者请教。"这些是伊玛目艾哈迈德所引述的鲁格曼的智慧,我又补充了一些他没有转述的内容;而他——伊玛目艾哈迈德——所引述的也有我没有引用的部分。真主至知! 伊本·阿布·哈提姆说:我的父亲告诉我:据阿拔斯·本·沃立德,据宰德·本·叶哈雅·本·欧拜德·胡扎尔,据赛义德·本·巴希尔,据卡塔德的传述,他说:至高的真主让鲁格曼在先知身份和智慧之间做选择,他选择了智慧,而不是先知身份。随后,吉卜利勒在他入睡时降临,将智慧灌注于他身上,于是他第二天早上就开始讲述这些智慧。

my son! Let only the pious men eat your food, and consult the scholars over your affairs." These were what Imam Ahmed quoted from the wisdom of Luqman, and I added some that he did not transmit and indeed, he -Imam Ahmed -quoted things that I did not. And, Allah knows best! Ibn Abu Hatim said: I was told by my father after Al-'Abbas Ibn Al-Walid after Zaid Ibn Yahya Ibn 'Ubaid Al-Khuza'i after Sa'id Ibn Bashir after Qatadah as saying: Allah Almighty enabled Luqman to choose between Prophethood and wisdom and he (Luqman) preferred wisdom to Prophethood. Then, Gabriel came while he was asleep and poured the wisdom over him. And, he began to pronounce it the next morning.

Sa'id said: I heard Qatadah say: It was said to Luqman: How did you come to prefer wisdom over Prophethood, when you were given the choice between them?

Sa'id said: I heard Qatadah as saying: It was said to Luqman: How did you prefer wisdom to Prophethood when you were enabled to choose between them?

他说：如果真主要委任我为先知，我会接受，并竭力追求祂的喜悦；但祂让我自己选择。我担心自己不足以承担先知的使命，因此我选择了智慧。

He said: If Allah were to assign me with Prophethood, I would accept it and try hard to win His Pleasure, but He enabled me to choose. I feared of being too weak for Prophethood, so I chose wisdom.

这段叙述在其中一位次级传述人赛义德·伊本·白施尔（Sa' id Ibn Bashir）身上，并不完全可靠，也不十分健全。然而，我们前代学者中的许多人，其中最主要的有：穆扎希德（Mujahid）、赛义德·伊本·穆塞យ布（Sa'id Ibn Al-Musayyb）和伊本·阿拔斯（Ibn 'Abbas）（愿真主喜悦他），都认为真主的经文：{我确已赐予鲁格曼智慧（Al-Hikmah）}，其意是：辨析力与宗教理解力。

This narration is not perfectly authentic or sound for that sub-narrator, Sa' id Ibn Bashir, is not a trustworthy one. However, many from among our earlier scholars, foremost among whom were: Mujahid, Sa'id Ibn Al-Musayyb and Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) were of the viewpoint that Allah's Statement that reads: {And indeed We bestowed upon Luqman Al- Hikmah (wisdom)}, means: discretion and religious understanding.

因此，他并非先知，也没有任何启示（Al-Wahi，神圣的启示）降临于他。

Thereupon, he was not a Prophet and nothing has been revealed to him Al- Wahi (Divine Inspiration).