Dokumentasi
9 Documentation
Metode ketiga pemeliharaan ialah pendokumentasian Hadith secara bertulis. Sebahagian orang berpendapat bahawa Hadith mula-mula didokumentasikan pada abad ketiga, manakala sebahagian ulama yang lebih boleh dipercayai berpandangan bahawa pendokumentasian Hadith bermula pada abad pertama. Jika kita menyelami perkara ini dengan lebih mendalam, kita akan dapati bahawa Hadith sudah pun ditulis semasa zaman Nabi yang diberkati ﷺ dan para Sahabat baginda. Perbezaan antara perekodan Hadith pada zaman Nabi yang diberkati ﷺ dengan yang ditulis selepas baginda wafat ialah tidak semua orang dibenarkan mencatat Hadith semasa hayat baginda. Mereka yang dibenarkan menulis Hadith melakukannya dengan izin Nabi yang diberkati ﷺ sendiri. Namun, pada penghujung hayat baginda, Nabi yang diberkati ﷺ memansuhkan larangan ini dan memberi kebenaran kepada semua orang untuk menulis Hadith baginda. Baginda bersabda, "Tulislah! Tiada salahnya." 31 Pada suatu ketika baginda bersabda, "Peliharalah ilmu dengan menulisnya." 32
The third method of preservation is the written documentation of the Ahadith. Some people believe that Ahadith were first documented in the third century, while other more reliable scholars hold the view that documentation of Ahadith began in the first century. If we go deeper into this matter, we will find that that the Ahadith were even written during the time of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) and his Sahaba. The difference between the recording of Ahadith in the time of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) and those written after he passed away was that not everyone was allowed to note down the Ahadith in his lifetime. The ones who were allowed wrote the Ahadith with the permission of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) himself. However, during the end of his life, the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) abrogated this restriction and gave permission for everyone to write his Ahadith. He said, “Write! There is no harm.”31 Once he said, “Preserve knowledge by writing it.”32.
‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As berkata bahawa Nabi ﷺ pernah bersabda kepadanya, "Peliharalah ilmu."
‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As said that the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) told him, “Preserve the knowledge.”.
Dia menjawab, "Bagaimana saya harus menjaganya?"
He replied, “How should I preserve it?”.
Dia berkata, "Dengan menulisnya."33.
He said, “By writing it.”33.
Inilah sebabnya mengapa banyak koleksi Hadis telah dihimpunkan semasa hayat Nabi yang Mulia ﷺ. Sebagai contoh, terdapat al-Sahifat al-Sadiqa [Lembaran yang Sahih] di mana ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As menulis semua Hadis Nabi yang Mulia ﷺ. Beliau sendiri berkata:
This is why many collections of Ahadith were compiled during the lifetime of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH). For example, there is the al-Sahifat al-Sadiqa [The Authentic Scroll] in which ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As wrote all the Ahadith of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH). He himself said:
Saya menulis apa sahaja yang saya dengar daripada Nabi yang Diberkati (PBUH) dan menghafaznya. Sebahagian daripada kaum Quraisy menegah saya daripada merekodkan Hadis. Mereka berkata, "Adakah kamu menulis apa sahaja yang kamu dengar daripada Nabi ﷺ? Baginda hanyalah seorang manusia; kadang-kadang baginda bergurau dan kadang-kadang baginda marah seperti manusia lain."
I wrote whatever I heard from the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) and memorized it. Some members of Quraish discouraged me from recording the Ahadith. They said, “Do you write whatever you hear from the Prophet? He is a man; sometimes he jokes and sometimes he gets angry like any other person.”.
Maksud mereka ialah bahawa Nabi yang mulia ﷺ mungkin marah atau bergurau lalu berkata sesuatu yang tidak dimaksudkannya, oleh itu seseorang tidak seharusnya menulis segala yang baginda katakan. ‘Abd Allah bin ‘Amr bin al-‘As telah membawa perkara ini kepada perhatian Nabi yang mulia ﷺ. Nabi yang mulia ﷺ menunjuk ke bibirnya dan bersabda, “Demi Allah (SWT), yang di tangan-Nya terletak nyawaku, tidak ada yang keluar dari dua bibir ini melainkan kebenaran [Haqq].”34
What they meant was that the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) may get angry or joke and say what he did not mean to say, therefore one should not write down everything he says. ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-As brought this to the Blessed Prophet’s (PBUH) attention. The Blessed Prophet (PBUH) pointed to his lips and said, “I swear in the name of Allah (SWTH), in whose hands is my life, that nothing but truth [Haqq] comes from these two lips.”34
Ini menjadi bukti jelas bahawa setiap perkataan Nabi yang diberkati ﷺ adalah benar, dan bahawa segala-galanya harus dituliskan. Bagi melaksanakan perintah ini, ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As menyusun sejumlah besar hadith ke dalam sebuah kitab, lalu memberinya tajuk yang sesuai, iaitu al-Sahifah al-Sadiqah.
This was clear proof that every word of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) was the truth and that all of it should be put to paper. To fulfill this order, ‘Abd Allóh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-As compiled a large selection of Ahadith into a book which he appropriately titled al-Sahifat al-Sadiqa.