kapitalizm — murakkab ijtimoiy-siyosiy-iqtisodiy tizimdir. Har qanday boshqa tizimda bo'lgani kabi, mexanik yoki ijtimoiy tizimlarda ham nosozlik rejimlari ma'lum modellarga bo'ysunadi. Nosozlikning mohiyatini tushunish yoki yuz bergan nosozlikni aniqlash uchun nosozliklar qaysi model doirasida yuzaga kelishi va o'zini namoyon qilishini tushunish juda muhimdir. Tizim nosozliklarini tavsiflash uchun eng umumiy modellardan biri 2-rasmda tasvirlangan. Tizimning asosiy loyihasida bitta yoki bir nechta kamchilik yoki nuqson bo'lishi mumkin. Agar bu nuqsonlar tizimni ishlab chiqishning dastlabki bosqichlarida aniqlansa, ular bartaraf etiladi va/yoki tuzatiladi. Agar loyihalovchilarning e'tiborsizligi yoki to'liq bilim yetishmasligi tufayli nuqson tizimda qolib ketsa, u yashirin nuqsonga aylanadi. Yashirin nuqson tizimga biror trigger (qo'zg'atuvchi omil) ta'sir qilmaguncha hech qanday zarar yetkazmaydi. Trigger — tizimdagi ma'lum bir nuqsonni faollashtiradigan yoki qo'zg'atadigan muayyan shart-sharoit yoki muhitdir. Fizik tizimlarda yashirin nuqsonlar tizimni barcha turdagi shart-sharoit va muhitlarga duchor qiladigan keng ko'lamli sinovlar orqali aniqlanadi va ochib beriladi. Afsuski, ijtimoiy-siyosiy-iqtisodiy tizimlarni laboratoriyada sinab bo'lmaydi! Shu sababli, bunday tizimlardagi yashirin nuqsonlar faqat tizim haqiqatda joriy etilib, uzoq muddat davomida amalda qo'llanilganda va ma'lum muhitda ma'lum vaqtda tegishli sharoitlar yuzaga kelganda ochilishi mumkin. Nuqson triggerlangach, tizim xatolikka duch keladi, bu esa tizimning odatdagi xatti-harakatidan chetga chiqishiga olib keladi. Agar xatolik o'z vaqtida cheklanmasa va izolyatsiya qilinmasa, u tizimning to'liq nosozligiga olib kelishi mumkin. Tizimning nosozlanishi uni o'zining asosiy funksiyalarini bajarishdan yoki maqsadlariga erishishdan mahrum qiladi.

capitalism is a complex socio-politico-economic system. As in any other system, mechanical or social, failure modes follow certain models. In order to understand the nature of failure or to detect a failure once it occurs, it is very important to understand the model in which failures occur and manifest themselves. One of the most general models used for describing system failures is depicted in figure 2. At the core design of the system, there could be one or more defects or faults. These faults, if detected in the early stages of the system development, are removed and/or fixed. If a fault remains in the system due to oversight by the designers or lack of complete knowledge, it becomes a dormant fault. A dormant fault will not do any harm to the system until it gets excited or provoked by a trigger. A trigger is a certain condition or environment which provokes or excites a certain fault in the system. In physical systems, dormant faults are uncovered and detected through extensive testing which exposes the system to all types of conditions and environments. Unfortunately, social-political-economic systems cannot be tested in a lab! Therefore, dormant faults in such systems can only be exposed when the system is actually implemented and practiced over a long period of time and the proper conditions occur at a given time within a given environment. Once a fault is triggered, the system will experience an error which causes the system to deviate from its normal behavior. An error can lead to complete system failure if not contained and isolated in due time. The failure of the system renders the system unable to provide its main functions or achieve its objectives.

Misol tariqasida, uy yer osti xonasining (podvalining) zaif nuqtasini nuqson yoki xato deb tasavvur qiling. Zaif nuqta shundaki, yomg'ir yoki toshqin tufayli ortiqcha suv uyga kirib qolishi mumkin. Bu nuqsonning ishga tushiruvchi sharti qisqa vaqt ichida juda ko'p yomg'ir yog'ishidir. Suvning yer osti xonasi orqali uyga oqib kirishi xatodir, chunki odatdagi sharoitda suv uyga kirmasligi kerak. Bu xatoni (uyga kirgan suvni) uyda yashovchi odamlar yoki qandaydir kuzatuv qurilmasi aniqlashi mumkin. Shu yo'l bilan xato aniqlanadi va ajratib olinadi. Xatoni shunday cheklash uchun, ya'ni zarar yetkazmasligi uchun, ortiqcha suvni yer osti xonasidan chiqarib, tashqariga haydash maqsadida suv nasosidan foydalaniladi. Agar suv nasosi bo'lmasa yoki qandaydir sabab bilan nasos ishga tushmasa, xato cheklanmaydi va toshqin suvi uyda qolib ketadi. Bu esa jiddiy zararlarga, jumladan uyning qulashiga olib kelishi mumkin.

As an example, think of a weak spot in the design of a house basement as the defect or fault. The weak spot is where excessive water due to rain or floods can penetrate the house. The triggering condition for this fault is too much rain in a short period of time. The flow of water into the house through the basement is the error, because in normal circumstances water should not come into the house. This error (water in the house) can be detected by people living in the house or some monitoring device. This is how the error is identified and isolated. To contain the error such that it does not lead to damage, a water pump is used to remove the excess water from the basement and push it outside. If there is no water pump, or the pump fails to kick in for some reason, the error will not be contained and the floodwater persists in the house. This may lead to serious damages, including the collapse of the house.

Bu nosozlik modeli hayotimizda juda keng tarqalgan. Zaif yurak, qisman bloklangan arteriyalar, nuqsonli o'pkalar yoki sog'lom bo'lmagan buyraklar barcha turdagi kasalliklar va og'riqlarni keltirib chiqaradi, agar ular o'z vaqtida davolanmasa va nazorat qilinmasa, o'lim bilan tugashi mumkin. Mashinalardagi mexanik nuqsonlar (oqayotgan qismlar, muvozanatsiz g'ildiraklar, noto'g'ri elektr kuchlanishi) avtomobilda barcha turdagi muammolarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin, bu esa transportning to'liq shikastlanishiga yoki hatto halokatli avariyalarga olib kelishi mumkin.

This failure model is very common in our life. A weak heart or partially blocked arteries or defective lungs or unhealthy kidneys cause all types of sicknesses and pains, which if not treated and contained in due time may lead to death. Mechanical defects in our cars (leaky parts, unbalanced wheels, irregular electric voltage) can cause all types of problems in the car which can lead to total damage of the vehicle or even to catastrophic accidents.