1.4.2. Sog'liq xavfsizligi yo'qligi - Kapitalizmning qulashi va Islomning yuksalishi | Quran Course

1.4.2. Sog'liq xavfsizligi yo'qligi - Kapitalizmning qulashi va Islomning yuksalishi | Quran Course

Kapitalizm sharoitida boylik va resurslarning g'ayrioddiy o'sishiga qaramay, sog'liqqa oid xavfsizizlik dunyo bo'ylab alohida shaxslar va xalqlarni hanuzgacha ta'qib qilmoqda. Dunyodagi eng boy kapitalistik davlat bo'lgan Amerikada sog'liq inqirozi yillar o'tishi bilan kuchayib bormoqda. Sog'liq inqirozi AQShda saylov davrlarida doimiy bahs mavzusiga aylangan. Taxminlarga ko'ra, odam umri davomida saraton kasalliklarining biror turiga chalinish ehtimoli 44% ni tashkil etadi. Bu ko'rsatkich pasaymayapti, aksincha, so'nggi bir necha yil ichida keskin oshdi. Boshqacha aytganda, ulkan boylik o'sishi va texnologiya taraqqiyoti ichkaridan kelayotgan dushman bilan kurashishda yordam bermayapti. Yurak-qon tomir bilan bog'liq muammolar yiliga yetti yuz ming dan ortiq hayotni olmoqda. Amerika yurak assotsiatsiyasining ma'lumotiga ko'ra, 2006 yilda yurak kasalliklari tufayli 831 272 kishi halok bo'lgan. Bunday yuqori o'limga olib keluvchi kasalliklar tasodifiy emas. Bu boylikni taqsimlash va resurslarni ajratishni boshqaruvchi tizimlarning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri mahsulidir. Resurslarni ajratishdagi bu nomutanosiblikni ko'rish uchun yillik byudjetlardan birini olib, resurslar qanday taqsimlanganiga qarang. 16-rasmdagi egri chiziqlar Qo'shma Shtatlarda so'nggi yetti yil davomidagi ixtiyoriy byudjetlar (Kongress va prezident tasdiqlashiga bog'liq bo'lgan byudjet) tarkibini ko'rsatadi (69, 70). Qo'shma Shtatlar har yili byudjetining 50% dan ortig'ini harbiy sohaga sarflaydi, ta'lim va sog'liqni saqlash ehtiyojlariga esa 14% dan kamini ajratadi. Shu bilan birga, saraton, yurak kasalliklari, diabet va boshqa epidemik kasalliklar bevosita urushlar yoki terrorizm bilan bog'liq urushlarda halok bo'lganlardan ancha ko'p hayotni olishi yaxshi ma'lum haqiqatdir.

Despite the extraordinary growth in wealth and resources under capitalism, health insecurity continues to haunt individuals and nations across the globe. In America, the wealthiest capitalist nation in the world, health crisis continues to escalate over the years. Health crisis has become a permanent subject of debate during election times in the USA. It is estimated that a man during his lifetime has a chance of 44% to have one form of a cancer disease68. This rate is not slowing down; on the contrary, it has increased dramatically during the past few years. In other words, the tremendous growth in wealth and advancement in technology is not helping in fighting an enemy from within. Heart-related problems consume more than seven hundred thousands lives a year. According to the American Heart Association, 831,272 lives vanished due to heart related diseases in 2006. Such high rate of fatal diseases is not accidental. This is a direct by-product of systems which control wealth distribution and resource allocation. To see this imbalance of resource allocation, just look at one of the annual budgets and see how the resources are allocated. The curves in figure 16 show a breakdown of the discretionary budgets (budget subject to approval by Congress and the president) for the past seven years in the United States (69, 70). The United States spends on military more than 50% of its budget every year, whereas it spends less than 14% on the education and health needs. In the meantime, it is a well-known fact that epidemic diseases such as cancer, heart problems, diabetes, and others consume much more lives than all those who die in direct wars or indirect wars of terrorism.

Sog'liqni saqlash sug'urtasi badallari 1999 yildan 2009 yilgacha xodimlar uchun 119% ga oshdi74, ya'ni xodimlarning o'rtacha ish haqi o'sishidan uch baravar ko'p. 1999 yildan 2008 yilgacha o'rtacha ish haqi atigi 35% ga oshdi; 17-rasmga qarang. Kichik firmalar sog'liqni saqlash sug'urtasi badallarining oshishi tufayli xodimlariga sug'urta taqdim etishdan tiyiladi.

Health insurance premiums have increased 119%for employees between 1999 and 200974, that is, three times more than the average increase in employee wages. The average wages increased only 35% between 1999 and 2008; see figure 17. Small firms refrain from offering health insurance due to rising health insurance premiums.

Har yili taxminan yigirma ikki ming kishi munosib sog'liqni saqlash resurslariga kira olmaganligi sababli vafot etadi. Yetarli sug'urtaga ega bo'lmagan odamlar kamroq profilaktik yordam oladi; ularning kasalliklari kech, yanada og'ir bosqichlarda aniqlanadi va kamroq davolash yordamini oladi. Bu sug'urtasiz shaxslar orasida yuqori o'lim darajasiga olib keladi.

It is estimated that twenty-two thousand people die every year because they are unable to access reasonable health care resources. People without proper insurance receive less preventive care; they are diagnosed at more advanced stages of diseases and receive less therapeutic care. This leads to high mortality rates among uninsured individuals.

Xuddi ta'lim holatidagi kabi, to'g'ri sog'liqni saqlash xizmatining yo'qligi qashshoqlikni chuqurlashtiradi, qashshoqlik esa shaxslarning sog'liqni saqlash xizmatidan foydalanishini keskin kamaytiradi. Bu doiradan chiqish uchun dori-darmonlar, tibbiy uskunalar va kasalxona yotoqlari ta'minotini oshirishning o'zi kifoya emas. Aynan bu resurslarni taqsimlash mexanizmi odamlarga to'g'ri sog'liqni saqlash xizmatini olish imkonini beradi. Sog'liqni saqlashning yuqori narxi oilalarning iqtisodiy farovonligini barbod qiladi. Sug'urta qoplamasi bo'lmagan kam ta'minlangan oilalarning 30 foizida tibbiy to'lovlar katta moliyaviy zarba beradi va ularni qarzga botiradi.

As in the case of education, lack of proper health care deepens poverty, and poverty dramatically reduces health care for individuals. In order to break this cycle, more needs to be done than simply increasing the supply of drugs, health equipment, and hospital beds. It is the mechanism for distributing these resources that enables individuals to receive the proper health care. The high cost of health care destroys the economic well-being of families. Medical bills have a major financial impact on 30% of low-income families without health coverage75, pushing them into debt.

Sug'urtaga ega bo'lganlar va sug'urtasi yo'qlar o'rtasidagi tafovut tobora kengayib bormoqda. Natijada sog'liqni saqlash sohasidagi tengsizlik odatdagi tibbiy yordam manbasiga kirish, yillik tibbiy ko'rik va profilaktik yordam borasida yanada chuqurlashdi.

The disparity between those who have insurance and those who do not is growing more and more. As a result, the health divide has been widened in access to usual source of care, annual physical checkup, and preventive care.

Mamlakatdagi eng yirik ochiq savdolanadigan o‘nta sog‘liqni sug‘urtalash kompaniyasining foydasi 2000 yildan 2007 yilgacha 428% ga o‘sdi, shu bilan birga iste’molchilar kamroq qoplama uchun ko‘proq to‘lashdi. 2008 yilda besh sug‘urta kompaniyasining umumiy foydasi 7,8 milliard dollardan oshib ketdi.

Profits at ten of the country’s largest publicly traded health insurance companies rose 428% from 2000 to 2007, while consumers paid more for less coverage. In 2008, the total profit of five insurance companies topped $7.8 billion.

UNAIDS/Jahon sog'liqni saqlash tashkilotining e'lon qilgan ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 2007 yilda OIV/OITS tashxisi qo'yilgan odamlarning soni 33 milliondan ortiq edi. Shulardan 2 milliondan ortig'i 2007 yilning o'zida vafot etgan. 1981 yildan beri OITSdan 25 milliondan ortiq odam vafot etgan. OITS qurbonlarining aksariyati dunyoning eng kambag'al qismida, Sahro osti Afrikasida yashaydi: u yerda 22 million kishi bu kasallik bilan yashaydi, 1,5 million kishi esa shu sababli yo'q bo'lib ketgan.

According to published data by UNAIDS/World Health Organization, the number of people diagnosed with AIDS in 2007 was more than 33 million people. More than 2 million of them died in the year 2007. More than 25 million people have died of AIDS since 1981. The majority of the AIDS victims are in the poorest part of the world in sub-Saharan Africa, where 22 million people live with the disease and 1.5 million have vanished as a result.

OIDS epidemiyasi butun dunyo bo'ylab, boylik va sog'liqni saqlash muassasalarining ulkan o'sishiga qaramay, kengayib bormoqda. 18-rasmda OIDS epidemiyasining global tendensiyasi ko'rsatilgan. Ba'zi Afrika mamlakatlarida har uch kishidan biri OIDS/OITS virusini tashiydi. Nigeriya, Efiopiya, Rossiya, Xitoy va Hindistonda yashovchi dunyo aholisining 40 foizdan ortig'i OIDSning tarqalishi tufayli jiddiy sog'liq xavfiga duch kelmoqda. Nigeriyada 2010 yilga borib 10-15 million holat bo'lishi prognoz qilinmoqda, Efiopiyada esa 7-10 million. Ikkala mamlakatda ham ayni vaziyat ekstrem qashshoqlik tufayli jamoat sog'liqni saqlash infratuzilmasining yetishmasligi sababli yanada og'irlashishi ehtimol. Xitoyda 2010 yilga kelib OIDS bilan kasallanganlar soni 10-15 million, Hindistonda esa 20-25 millionga yetishi kutilmoqda.

The epidemic of AIDS is growing worldwide despite the tremendous growth in wealth and health care facilities. Figure 18 shows the global trend in the AIDS epidemic. In some African countries, one out of three people carry the AIDS/HIV virus. More than 40% of the world population living in Nigeria, Ethiopia, Russia, China, and India face serious health risks due to spread of AIDS. Nigeria is projected to have 10-15 million cases by 2010, and Ethiopia 7-10 million. In both countries, the situation is likely to be aggravated by a lack of public health infrastructure due to extreme poverty. The AIDS population is expected to reach 10-15 million by 2010 in China and 20-25 million in India.

Rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda OIV/OITS davolashdagi asosiy qiyinchilik — davolashning yuqori narxi bo‘lib, u bir kishiga yiliga 10 000–15 000 AQSh dollarini tashkil etadi. Bu narx rivojlangan mamlakatlarda ham zo‘rg‘a ko‘tarilishi mumkin; aynan shu narx rivojlanayotgan dunyodagi bemorlarning to‘g‘ri davolanishiga to‘sqinlik qiladigan asosiy to‘siqdir. OIV/OITS bilan kasallanganlar orasida qashshoqlik darajasi juda yuqori ekanini hisobga olsak, bu falokatli kasallikda burilish nuqtasini ko‘rish qiyin. Qashshoqlik darajasi yuqori bo‘lgani sababli, Afrika davlatlarining katta qismi OIV/OITSdan jiddiy xavf ostida qolaveradi. Qashshoqlik balosi hal etilmas ekan, OIV/OITSdan qutulish umidi kam bo‘lib qoladi.

The main challenge for AIDS treatment in developing countries is the high cost of the treatment which amounts to $10,000-$15,000 per person per year. This high cost is barely affordable in highly developed nations; this is certainly the main barrier which prevents patients in the developing world from getting the proper treatment. Given the high poverty rates among the population of AIDS, it is difficult to see a break point in this catastrophic disease. Given the high poverty rate, a large percentage of the African nations will continue to face serious threats from AIDS. Unless the epidemic of poverty is resolved, the hope out of AIDS remains slim.

Qashshoqlik Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlaridagi OITS holatlarining aksariyati uchun ham javobgardir. Mamlakatdagi jami OITS holatlarining qirq to'qqiz foizi qora tanli aholiga to'g'ri keladi, holbuki ular mamlakat umumiy aholisining o'n besh foizidan kamini tashkil etadi. Taxminlarga ko'ra, OIV yuqtirgan afroamerikaliklarning yigirma ikki foizida sog'liqni sug'urtalash yo'q76.

Poverty is also responsible for the majority of AIDS cases in the United States. Forty-nine percent of the total AIDS cases in the United States belong to the black population, which makes less than 15% of the total country’s population. It is estimated that 22% of the African Americans with HIV do not have health insurance76.

Sil (TB) OITS bilan bir qatorda turadi. Dunyo aholisining uchdan bir qismi silga yuqtirilgan. 2002 yilda 8,8 million yangi kasallik holati qayd etilgan va sil tufayli taxminan 2 million kishi vafot etgan. Yangi sil holatlarining 84% dan ortig'i (7,4 million) Osiyo va Sahroi Kabirdan janubdagi Afrikaga to'g'ri keladi.

Tuberculosis (TB) is in a similar league as AIDS. One-third of the world’s population is infected with TB. In 2002, there were 8.8 million new cases, and around 2 million deaths from TB. Asia and sub-Saharan Africa account for more than 84% (7.4 millions) of the new TB cases.

1985-yilda AQShda faol sil kasalligi holatlari soni 1950-yillardan beri uzluksiz kamayib kelgandan so'ng yana ko'paya boshladi. Sil kasalligining qaytishiga bir nechta omillar sabab bo'ldi, jumladan OIV/OITS epidemiyasi, qashshoqlikning ortishi, in'ektsiya orqali narkotik iste'mol qilish va uysizlik. Shuni ta'kidlash joizki, Reygan ma'muriyati 1981-yilda oziq-ovqat markalari dasturidan 7 milliard dollar qisqartirdi. Ushbu qisqartirishdan so'ng darhol ochlikka bog'liq muammolar, jumladan anemiya, sil kasalligi, sekin o'sish va osteoporoz yana paydo bo'la boshladi.

In the USA, the number of active tuberculosis cases began to rise in 1985 after it had declined continuously since the 1950s. Several factors were behind the return of tuberculosis, including the HIV/AIDS epidemic, increased poverty, IV drug use, and homelessness. It is worth noting that the Reagan administration cut 7 billion dollars from the food stamp program in 1981. Immediately after this cut, hunger-related problems such as anemia, tuberculosis, poor growth, and osteoporosis crawled back.

Kasalliklarni nazorat qilish va oldini olish markazi (CDC) 2005 yilda Qo'shma Shtatlarda 14 093 ta faol sil (tuberkulyoz, TB) kasalligi holatini va 10 dan 15 milliongacha yashirin sil bilan kasallangan odamni qayd etgan. Yashirin sil infektsiyasiga chalingan kishilarning o'ttiz foizi diabet bo'lsa, faol silga o'tadi, deyarli barcha OIV infektsiyasiga chalingan kishilar esa faol silga o'tadi. OITS holatidagidek, Qo'shma Shtatlarda sil eng ko'p kambag'al aholi qatlamida – ispaniyaliklar orasida (100 000 kishiga 8,5 holat) va qora tanlilar orasida (100 000 kishiga 9,4 holat) uchraydi, oq tanlilar orasida esa bu ko'rsatkich 100 000 kishiga 1,1 holatni tashkil etadi.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 14,093 cases of active tuberculosis (TB) in the United States in 2005, and 10 to 15 million people with latent tuberculosis. Thirty percent of those with latent TB infection will progress into active tuberculosis if they have diabetes, and almost all with HIV infection will progress into active TB. As in the case of AIDS, tuberculosis in the United States is highest among the poor population of the Hispanics (8.5 cases per 100,000) and the blacks (9.4 per 100,000) compared to whites (1.1 cases per 100,000).

Davolash usullari mavjud, biroq sil kasalligi bilan og‘rigan bemorlarning atigi taxminan 37 foizi resurslar yetishmasligi va sifatli dorilarning ishonchsiz ta'minoti tufayli to‘g‘ri davolanmoqda. Natijada, ko‘p dorilarga chidamli sil (MDR-TB) kasalligi tarqalishi keskin oshmoqda, yiliga uch yuz ming yangi holat qayd etilmoqda. MDR-TB ni davolash oddiy sil kasalligiga qaraganda yuz baravar qimmatga tushadi. Yana bir bor, qashshoqlik va resurslarning notekis taqsimlanishi epidemiya darajasidagi yana bir kasallikning sababchisi bo‘lmoqda. Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST) hisob-kitoblariga ko‘ra, agar nazorat qilinmasa, 2020 yilga borib sil kasalligidan 36 million kishi halok bo‘ladi79. 19-rasmda ko‘rinib turibdiki, sil holatlari ortishda davom etmoqda; bu o‘sish sekinlashmayapti.

There are cures, yet only around 37% of TB cases receive proper treatment due to a lack of resources and unreliable supplies of quality drugs. As a result, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) incidence is surging, with three hundred thousand new cases each year. MDR-TB is a hundred times more expensive to treat than normal TB. One more time, poverty and unbalanced distribution of resources is responsible for another disease of epidemic proportions. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 36 million people will die of tuberculosis by 2020 if it is not controlled79. Figure 19 shows that TB cases continue to be on the rise; it is not slowing down.

Yana bir katta qotil — bezgak (malariya) kasalligi. Sil kasalligida bo‘lgani kabi, dori vositalariga chidamlilik muammosi kundan-kunga kuchayib bormoqda. Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST) hisob-kitoblariga ko‘ra, har yili 300–500 million kishi bu kasallikka chalinmoqda, 1–3 million kishi esa vafot etmoqda — ularning aksariyati bolalardir. Bunday yuqumli kasallikning ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy zarari halokatlidir. Bezgak Sahro osti Afrikasining aholi jon boshiga to‘g‘ri keladigan YaIM o‘sish sur’atlarini yiliga taxminan 1,3 foiz punktga pasaytirishda davom etmoqda.

Another major killer is malaria, and as with TB, drug resistance is a growing problem. WHO estimates that each year there are 300-500 million cases, with 1-3 million deaths—mostly children. The social and economic burden of such infection is catastrophic. Malaria continues to undercut sub-Saharan Africa’s GDP per capita growth rates by some 1.3 percentage points per year.

Bu asosiy qotillardan tashqari, har yili millionlab insonlar hayotini o‘ldirishda davom etayotgan boshqa ko‘plab kasalliklar ham bor. Qashshoqlik, ochlik, toza suvdan yetarlicha foydalana olmaslik, sanitariya sharoitlarining yetarli emasligi va yetarsiz ovqatlanish, OITS, sil va bezgak bizdan yana million-millionlab hayotlarni mahrum qilmoqda, ularning aksariyati bolalardir.

Besides these main killers, there are many other diseases that continue to consume millions of human lives every year. Poverty, hunger, poor access to clean water, inadequate sanitation and malnutrition, AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria are depriving us of several million lives, the majority of whom are children.

Kapitalizm hukmronligi ostidagi kasallik va qashshoqlik inson hayoti uchun urushda g‘alaba qozonmoqda. To‘g‘ri ta’lim, oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi va sog‘lom ishchi kuchisiz, dunyoning barqaror iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy rivojlanishga umidi kam. Kasal va och bolalar maktabda o‘qishga qodir emas va agar borsa ham, yaxshi o‘qiy olmaydi. Natijada, yomon ta’lim olgan, ishsiz va begonalashgan yoshlarning katta guruhlari paydo bo‘ladi. Bu siyosiy beqarorlik, ijtimoiy birdamlikning yo‘qolishi va muvaffaqiyatsizlik uchun qulay muhit yaratadigan retsept hisoblanadi.

Disease and poverty under the dominance of capitalism are winning the war against human life. Without proper education, food security, and healthy workforce, the world has little hope of sustained economic and social development. Sick and hungry children cannot afford to attend school and, if they do, will not be able to learn well. The end result is large pools of poorly educated, unemployed, and alienated young people. This is a recipe for political instability, social incohesion, and a suitable climate for failure.

Ajablanarlisi shundaki, Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST), Jahon banki, Xalqaro valyuta fondi (XVF) va boshqa jahon tashkilotlari dori-darmonlar hamda sog‘liqni saqlash resurslari ishlab chiqarishni oshirish zarurligini takror-takror ta’kidlab kelmoqda. Aslida e’tiborga olinishi lozim bo‘lgan narsa shuki, har qanday epidemik kasallikni davolash narxi (OITS bilan og‘rigan bemorlar uchun yiliga 15 000 dollar) dunyodagi ko‘plab OITS bemorlarining imkoniyatidan ancha yuqori. Dunyoga kerak bo‘lgan narsa shunchaki boshqa ko‘p narsa emas: ko‘proq ishlab chiqarish va ko‘proq resurslar emas; dunyoga haqiqatan ham yangi iqtisodiy infratuzilma, resurslarni adolatliroq taqsimlash mexanizmi kerak. Bunday tizim och odamlarning oziq-ovqat resurslaridan, kasallarning dori-darmonlar va sog‘liqni saqlash muassasalaridan, savodsizlarning esa ta’lim muassasalaridan foydalanishini ta’minlashi lozim.

The irony is that world organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and others continue to emphasize the necessity to increase the production of drugs and health care resources. What should be emphasized is the fact that the cost of treatment of any of the epidemic diseases ($15,000 per year for AIDS victims) is way beyond what many of the AIDS patients in the world can afford. What the world needs is not more of the same: increased production and resources; the world really needs a new economic infrastructure with a more just mechanism for resource distribution, a system that enables the hungry to access food resources and the sick to access drugs and health care facilities, and the illiterate to access education facilities.

Sog‘liqni saqlash, oziq-ovqat, ta’lim va xavfsizlikni hamma uchun ta’minlash maqsadini iqtisodiy tizimga vaqtinchalik tuzatish sifatida qarash mumkin emas; aksincha, u iqtisodiy tizimning asosiy negizlariga muhrlanishi kerak. Aynan shu yerda kapitalizm muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraydi va shuning uchun dunyo yangi tizim va mafkuraga shiddat bilan muhtoj.

The objective of providing health, food, education, and security for all cannot be treated as a patch to the economic system; rather it should be engraved in the fundamentals of the economic system. This is exactly where capitalism fails, and that is why the world is in dire need of a new system and ideology.