Jamiyat tizimining siyosiy, iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy tizimining yakuniy natijasi guruh va har bir shaxs his etadigan ulkan xavfsizlik tuyg'usidan kam bo'lmasligi kerak. Qashshoqlik, ochlik, savodsizlik va sog'liqni saqlashning yetarli emasligi odamlarning xavfsizliksizlik hissini kuchaytiradi; bu esa ushbu jiddiy qotillarlar tufayli sodir bo'ladigan o'lim darajasining yuqoriligida aks etadi. Xavfsizlikning bu halokatli sabablaridan tashqari, dunyo bo'ylab odamlar o'z hayotiga yanada bevosita tajovuz bilan yuzma-yuz kelishda davom etmoqda. Bu tajovuzlar davlatlar o'rtasidagi urushlar, fuqarolar urushlari, diktatorlarning zulmi, razvedka apparatining shafqatsiz muomalasi, odam o'g'irlash, vandalizm va nihoyat, terrorizm harakatlari shaklida namoyon bo'ladi.

The terminal result of the political-economic-social system in any society should be no less than the immense feeling of security enjoyed by the group as well as by the individuals. Poverty, hunger, illiteracy, and lack of health contribute to the intensity of the people’s insecurity; this is reflected in the high rate of deaths due to these serious killers. On top of these catastrophic causes of insecurity, people worldwide continue to face yet a more direct assault on their lives. These assaults come in forms of wars between nations, civil wars, tyranny of dictators, harsh treatment of intelligence apparatus, kidnapping, vandalism, and last but not least, acts of terrorism.

Ba'zilar inson xavfsizligiga qaratilgan ba'zi tajovuzlarning muayyan siyosiy yoki iqtisodiy tuzilma bilan bog'liq emasligini ta'kidlashi mumkin; bu bir necha tasodifiy holatlar uchun to'g'ri bo'lishi mumkin. Lekin inson hayotiga eng halokatli zarar yetkazgan holatlarning aksariyati urushlar, fuqarolar urushlari, mahalliy tartibsizliklar va qo'zg'olonlar, razvedka tergovlari hamda terroristik harakatlardan kelib chiqadi. Bunday holatlarni mahalliy, mintaqaviy yoki jahon siyosiy va iqtisodiy tartibidan ajratib bo'lmaydi va ajratish kerak emas.

Some may argue that some of the assaults on human security may not be related to the underlying political or economic structure; this may be true for few sporadic incidents. But the majority of incidents with most devastating toll on the human life come from wars, civil wars, local unrest and revolts, intelligence interrogations, and acts of terrorism. Such incidents cannot be and should not be isolated from the local, regional, or world political and economic orders.

Mahalliy, mintaqaviy yoki jahon tartibi — bu mamlakat ichida, muayyan mintaqadagi davlatlar o‘rtasida yoki butun dunyoda munosabatlarni o‘rnatish va saqlash uchun qo‘llaniladigan qoida, me’yor va mexanizmlar majmuasidir. Mamlakat ichida tartib davlat hokimiyati hamda uning asosidagi iqtisodiy va siyosiy infratuzilma orqali saqlanadi. Muayyan mintaqada tartib odatda shu mintaqa davlatlari a’zo bo‘lgan mintaqaviy tashkilotlar tomonidan ta’minlanadi. Mintaqaviy tashkilotlarga misollar: Shimoliy Amerika davlatlari uchun NAFTA; Yevropa davlatlari uchun Yevropa Ittifoqi va unga tegishli tashkilotlar majmuasi; neft ishlab chiqaruvchi va eksport qiluvchi davlatlar uchun OPEK; arab davlatlari uchun Arab Ligasi. Jahon tartibini esa BMT Xavfsizlik Kengashi, Jahon savdo tashkiloti (JST), Jahon banki, Xalqaro valyuta jamg‘armasi (XVJ) va boshqa jahon tashkilotlari saqlab turadi. Har bir tartib — mahalliy, mintaqaviy yoki global — orqasida bir yoki bir nechta ulkan kuchga ega davlat turadi; bunday kuchli davlatlar o‘z ta’siri va qudratidan tartibni saqlash yoki zarur bo‘lganda uni o‘zgartirish uchun foydalanadi.

The local, regional, or world order is essentially the set of rules, regulations, and mechanisms used to deploy and maintain the relations within the country, between countries in a given region, or in the world at large. Within the country, the order is maintained by the authority of the state coupled with the underlying economic and political infrastructure. Within a given region, the order is usually maintained by regional organizations with members from the states of the region. Examples of regional organizations are the NAFTA for North American states; the European Union and its accompanying set of organization for the European states; OPEC for the oil-producing and exporting countries; the Arab League for the Arab states. The world order is maintained by world organizations such as the UN Security Council, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and others. Behind each order (local, regional, or global) stand one or few states with immense power; such powerful states use their influence and power to sustain the order or to change it when necessary.

Ushbu muhokama dunyo, mintaqaviy va mahalliy tartiblar bilan bog'liq xavfsizizlik yetishmovchiligi munosabatlarini tushunish uchun zarurdir. Bugungi dunyo tartibi asosan AQSh tomonidan, unga Buyuk Britaniya, Fransiya, Rossiya va Xitoy kabi boshqa qudratli davlatlar hamkorlik qilgan holda saqlanmoqda. Bu tartib Xavfsizlik Kengashi, JST, Jahon banki va XVF kabi vositalar yordamida saqlanadi, hatto ba'zan ulardan manipulyatsiya qilish orqali foydalaniladi.

This discussion is necessary in order to understand the relations between the lack of security and the current world, regional, and local orders. The world order today is maintained primarily by the USA, accompanied by other powerful nations such as Britain, France, Russia, and China. This order is maintained or even sometimes manipulated using instruments such as the Security Council, the WTO, the World Bank, and the IMF.

AQSH dunyo tartibiga eng katta ta'sir ko'rsatadigan davlatdir, bu shubhasiz. AQShning hal qiluvchi roli Sovet Ittifoqi parchalanib ketgach va yigirmanchi asrning so'nggi o'n yilligida sotsializmning jahon mafkurasi sifatida rad etilishidan keyin yanada aniq va sezilarli bo'ldi. AQSh o'z hal qiluvchi rolini 1991 yilda, Iroq Quvaytni bosib olganida Ikkinchi Fors ko'rfazi urushi paytida namoyon etdi. Xuddi shunday holat 2001 yilda 11-sentyabr terror hujumlaridan keyin va 2003 yilda Qo'shma Shtatlar BMT ruxsatisiz Iroqqa bostirib kirganida takrorlandi.

The USA is by far the country with the largest impact on the world order. The US decisive role became more distinct and apparent after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the dismissal of socialism as a world ideology in the last decade of the twentieth century. The USA practiced its decisive role in 1991 during the Second Gulf War when Iraq occupied Kuwait. The same was repeated in 2001 after the terrorist attacks on September 11 and in 2003 when the United States invaded Iraq without UN approval.

Birinchi jahon urushi tugagandan so'ng dunyoda (mahalliy, mintaqaviy va global darajada) tartibni kapitalizm yoki sotsializm mafkurasiga mansub bo'lgan bir necha davlatlar saqlab turdi. Bu holat 1991 yilda Sovet Ittifoqi parchalanib ketganidan so'ng sotsializm dunyo tartibi tenglamasidan chiqarilguniga qadar davom etdi. Kapitalizm hukmronligi ostidagi dunyo insoniyatga qarshi bir necha turdagi zulm va tajovuzlarni boshidan kechirdi.

Since the end of the First World War, the order in the world (locally, regionally, and globally) had been maintained by few states which belonged to the ideology of either capitalism or socialism. This case continued until l991 when socialism was dropped from the world order equation subsequent to the collapse of the Soviet Union. The world under the dominance of capitalism has suffered several types of atrocities and assaults against humanity.

Birinchi jahon urushi Yevropa davlatlarini vayron qildi, ular kapitalizm hukmronligi ostida edi. Urush yetti million tinch aholi va o‘n million harbiy hayotini yo‘qotdi, yigirma bir milliondan ortiq kishi esa yaralandi (80). Batafsil to‘xtalmasdan aytish mumkinki, urush oxirida Britaniya va Fransiya dunyoning keng hududlarida (Yaqin Sharq, Afrika va Janubiy-Sharqiy Osiyo) o‘z mustamlakachilik ta’sirini qanday mustahkamlagani aniq bo‘ldi. Imperializm va mustamlakachilik urushning eng yaqqol natijalari bo‘ldi; imperializmni urushning asosiy omillaridan biri deb hisoblash haqiqatdan uzoq emas. Kommunistik nazariyotchilarga ko‘ra, imperializm kapitalizmning eng yuqori bosqichi sifatida qaraladi (32). Boshqalar esa imperializmni kapitalizm xom ashyo manbalari, arzon ishchi kuchi va bozorlarni ta’minlash uchun qo‘llaydigan usul sifatida tushunadilar (41, 42). Yevropa davlatlarining sobiq mustamlakalari bugungi kungacha chuqur zulm, diktatura, qashshoqlik va orqagalikdan aziyat chekmoqda.

The First World War ravaged through European states, which were dominated by capitalism. The war consumed seven million civilian and ten million military lives, with more than twenty-one million wounded80. Without going into details, it was evident at the end of the war how Britain and France spread their colonialist grip over a vast area of the world (Middle East, Africa, and Southeast Asia). Imperialism and colonialism were the most visible outcomes of the war; it is not far-fetched from the truth to claim that imperialism was a major factor of the war to begin with. Imperialism is thought of as the highest stage of capitalism according to communist theoreticians32. Others perceive imperialism as a method utilized by capitalism to secure sources of raw material, cheap labor, and markets (41, 42). The old colonies of European states continue to suffer until today from deep oppression, dictatorships, poverty, and backwardness.

Ikkinchi jahon urushi oltmish milliondan ortiq odamning hayotini oldi; qirq million kishi tinch aholi edi81. Ko'plab tinch aholi kasallik, ochlik, ommaviy qirg'in, bombardimon va Germaniya hamda Yevropadagi millionlab yahudiylarga qarshi sodir etilgan kabi ongli ravishdagi genotsid tufayli halok bo'ldi. Ikkinchi jahon urushi ikki raqobatlashuvchi lagerni — VARSHAVA (Sovet Ittifoqi va Sharqiy Yevropa davlatlari ittifoqi) va NATO (Shimoliy Atlantika shartnomasi tashkiloti) ni hamda besh o'n yil davomida yuz milliardlab dollar sarflangan sovuq urushni vujudga keltirdi. Urush, shuningdek, globallashuvni boshlab berdi, bu esa kambag'al va boy o'rtasidagi tafovutni kengaytirishda davom etmoqda hamda dunyo xalqlari o'rtasidagi tengsizlikni chuqurlashtirmoqda.

The Second World War consumed more than sixty million lives; Forty million were civilians81. Many civilians died because of disease, starvation, massacres, bombing, and deliberate genocide such as the one committed against millions of Jews in Germany and Europe. The Second World War gave birth to the two competing camps, WARSAW (alliance of Soviet Union and Eastern European states) and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), and to a cold war that consumed hundreds of billions of dollars during five decades. The war also introduced globalization, which continues to increase the gap between the poor and the rich, and deepen the inequality between the people of the world.

XX asrda va XXI asrning boshlarigacha dunyoda inson huquqlarining poymol etilishi va inson qadr-qimmatining kamsitilishi kapitalizm va kommunizm hukmron mafkuralarining doimiy belgisi bo‘lib kelgan. Sovet Ittifoqi va Sharqiy Yevropa sotsialistik davlatlarida inson huquqlari, sotsialistlarning o‘z ta’rifidagi huquqlardan tashqari, deyarli mavjud bo‘lmagan. Ushbu nashrning maqsadi sotsializm sharoitida inson hayotiga qarshi sodir etilgan zulmlarni batafsil bayon qilish emas. Hozircha shuni aytish kifoyaki, men sotsializm sharoitidagi hayotni o‘z ko‘zim bilan ko‘rganman, unda shafqatsizlik, falokat va zulmning achchiq ta’mi bor edi.

Throughout the twentieth century and well into the twenty-first one, assaults on human rights and degradation of human integrity worldwide have been a trademark of the dominant ideologies of both capitalism and communism. Within the Socialist camps of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, human rights were almost nonexistent except within the Socialists’ definition of those rights. It is not the intention of this publication to detail the atrocities committed against human life under socialism. It is sufficient to mention (for now) that I have witnessed firsthand the life under socialism with all the sore taste of brutality, calamity, and abuse.

Kapitalizm hukmronligi ostida inson qadr-qimatining ahvoli ham yaxshilanmadi. Amnesty International va Human Rights Watch tashkilotlari butun dunyoda inson huquqlari, inson qadr-qimati va inson hayotiga qarshi millionlab tajovuz holatlari haqida xabar berdi. Bu tajovuzlarni hukumatlarning xavfsizlik idoralari o'zlarining qanchalik madaniyatli ekanligini da'vo qilishidan qat'i nazar amalga oshiradi. Ajablanarli tomoni shundaki, Amnesty International va Human Rights Watch tashkilotlari dastlab sotsializm hukmronligi ostida yashayotgan dunyoning Sharqiy blokidagi xalqlarning inson huquqlarini kuzatish uchun tashkil etilgan edi. Qo'shma Shtatlar va G'arbiy Yevropa bu tashkilotlarning hisobotlarini o'zlarining sotsialistik raqib davlatlariga qarshi bosim vositasi sifatida doimo ishlatib kelgan. Sovet Ittifoqi qulagandan va sotsializm bekor qilingandan beri Amnesty International inson huquqlariga qarshi dahshatli tajovuzlar haqida xabar berishda davom etmoqda. Amnesty International ning 2007-yildagi hisobotida 87 shunday deyiladi:

The plight of human dignity under the dominance of capitalism has not been any brighter. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch organizations have reported on millions of cases of assault on human rights, human dignity, and human lives worldwide. The assaults are carried out by governments security agencies irrespective of their claimed level of civilization. The irony is that Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch organizations were initially set to monitor the human rights of people living in the Eastern Bloc of the world under the dominance of socialism. The United States and Western Europe had consistently used the reports of these organizations as a means of pressure against their counterpart socialist countries. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the abolishing of socialism, Amnesty International continues to report horrible assaults on human rights. The 2007 Amnesty International report87 states:

Haqiqatan ham, Amerikadagi qora tanlilar fuqarolik huquqlari harakati, teng imkoniyat to'g'risidagi qonunlar va ijobiy harakatlarga (affirmative action) qaramay, oq tanli hamkasblariga nisbatan hanuzgacha noqulay ahvolda qolmoqda. Irq bo'yicha tafovut hayotning ko'plab jabhalarida yaqqol ko'zga tashlanadi. So'nggi oltmish yil davomida qora tanli oilaning o'rtacha daromadi oq tanli oilaning daromadidan sezilarli darajada past bo'lib kelgan. 1980-yillar davomida qora tanli oilalarning mediana daromadi oq tanli oila daromadining zo'rg'a 55 foizini tashkil etgan; qarang: 20-rasm, 92-manba.

Indeed, blacks in America continue to be at a disadvantage compared to their white counterparts despite civil rights movement, equal opportunity acts, and affirmative actions. Racial gap between blacks and whites is visible in so many aspects of life. The family income of a black family has been significantly less than that of a white family for the last sixty years. Throughout the 1980s, the median black family income was barely 55% that of a white family92; see figure 20.

Qora tanli amerikaliklar orasida kambag'allik darajasi hanuz oq tanlilarnikidan ancha yuqori bo'lib qolmoqda. 21-rasm shuni ko'rsatadiki, so'nggi oltmish yil davomida qora tanlilarning kambag'al bo'lish ehtimoli oq tanlilarnikidan ikki baravar yuqori bo'lgan, bunda qora tanli oilalarning o'rtacha daromadi taxminan 20 000 dollar, oq tanli o'xshash oilalarniki esa 35 000 dollar atrofida bo'lgan. Xuddi shu tendensiya ishsizlik ko'rsatkichlarida ham kuzatiladi: Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarida o'n olti yoshdan katta qora tanlilarning ishsiz bo'lish ehtimoli oq tanlilarnikidan ikki baravar yuqori. Qora tanlilarning umr ko'rish davomiyligi oq tanlilarnikiga nisbatan sezilarli darajada past. AQSh Aholini ro'yxatga olish byurosining ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 1995-yil holatiga qora tanli erkakning kutilayotgan umri atigi oltmish besh yil, oq tanli erkakniki esa yetmish sakkiz yil. Eng ajablantiradigan fakt shundaki, qora tanlilar Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarida qamoqxona aholisining deyarli 44 foizini tashkil etadi, holbuki ular umumiy aholining 13 foizidan kamrog'ini tashkil qiladi.

The poverty rates among blacks continue to be much higher than that for whites in the United States. Figure 21 shows that blacks were twice as much likely to be poor than whites for the last sixty years, with the median household income averaging around $20,000 compared to a $35,000 for a white counterpart. The same trend appears in the unemployment rates, where black people in the United States (above sixteen years) are twice as likely to be unemployed as white ones. The life expectancy of black people is significantly lower than that for whites. According to the Census Bureau in the United States, a black male is expected to live for sixty-five years (as of 1995) compared to seventy-eight years for a white man. The most striking fact is that the blacks make up almost 44% of the prison population in the United States, whereas they make up less than 13% of the total population.

Garchi turli sabablarga ko'ra bo'lsa-da, Qo'shma Shtatlardagi lotinoamerikaliklarning ahvoli qora tanlilarnikidan unchalik yaxshi emas. Qora tanlilar kabi lotinoamerikaliklar ham yuqori kambag'allik darajasiga va shunga bog'liq oqibatlarga duch kelmoqda: sog'liqni sug'urtalashning yo'qligi, o'lim ko'rsatkichlarining yuqoriligi va qamoqqa olinish darajasining yuqoriligi.

Although, for different reasons, the status of Latinos in the United States is not much brighter than those for blacks, like black people, Latinos enjoy high poverty rates and related consequences such as lack of health insurance, high mortality rates, and high imprisonment rates.

Irqiy va etnik kamsitish insoniy qadr-qimmat va butunlikka qarshi yo'naltirilgan eng og'ir hujumlardan biridir. Irq, etnik kelib chiqish, teri rangi va jins insonga tug'ilishi bilan beriladigan xususiyatlardir, va bu xususiyatlarni umri davomida olib yuradigan shaxsning o'zi bunga hech qanday tanlovi bilan ta'sir ko'rsatmaydi. Agar kamsitish aynan shu xususiyatlarga asoslanib amalga oshirilsa, bu insonning tabiatiga, shuningdek, bu xususiyatlarni ato etgan Yaratguvchi, Qodir Xudoga qarshi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri hujumdir. Bunday kamsitishga yo'l qo'yish mumkin emas va hech qachon ruxsat etilmasligi kerak. Afsuski, chuqur achinish, alam va qayg'u bilan aytish lozimki, teri rangi, etnik kelib chiqish va jins asosidagi kamsitish XX asrni va XXI asrning birinchi o'n yilligini qattiq belgilab berdi.

Racial and ethnic discrimination constitute one of the most severe assaults on human dignity and integrity in recent history. Race, ethnicity, color, and gender are attributes granted to a human at birth without the least involvement of the person who carries these attributes for the rest of his or her life. When discrimination is carried out on the basis of these attributes, it is a direct assault on the nature of human being as well as on the one who granted these attributes, the Almighty God. Such discrimination cannot and should never be allowed to prevail. With great regret, lament, and sorrow, discrimination on the bases of color, ethnicity, and gender have rigorously marked the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century.

Insoniy qadr-qimmatga qarshi yana bir turdagi hujum dunyoning boshqa mintaqalarida keng tarqalgan. Bu safar hujum insonlarning ruhiy va aqliy tuzilishiga qaratilgan. Dunyo bo'ylab millionlab odamlar o'zlari tutgan fikr yoki bildirgan siyosiy qarash tufayli ta'qib qilinmoqda. Human Rights Watch (HRW) tashkiloti yoki Amnesty International tomonidan chiqariladigan yillik hisobotlardan birini ko'zdan kechirish kifoya, shunda buni bilish mumkin. 93

Another type of assault on human dignity prevails in other parts of the world. This time it is directed at the mental and intellectual makeup of people. Millions of people around the world are persecuted because of an opinion they carry or a political view they express. It is sufficient to browse through one of the annual reports issued by the Human Rights Watch (HRW) organization or Amnesty International to discover 93