Islom iqtisodiy tizimi islom mafkurasining ajralmas qismidir. Iqtisod va moliyaga oid qoidalar nikoh, oilaviy munosabatlar, siyosat, axloq, ibodatlar, e'tiqod va boshqa qoidalar bilan uzviy bog'liqdir. Islom iqtisodining tarkibiy qismlaridan biri bo'lgan zakot Qur'onda namoz ibodati bilan birga, "namozni o'qing va zakotni bering" shaklida o'ntadan ortiq oyatda nozil qilingan. "Mujodala" surasining 4-oyatida (48-sura) nikoh bilan bog'liq gunohdan qutulish yo'llaridan biri oltmish kambag'alni ovqat bilan ta'minlash deb belgilangan.55 Bu shuni anglatadiki, Qur'on va Payg'ambar Muhammad ﷺ sunnatida iqtisod va moliyaga hamda boshqa mavzularga oid qoidalarni o'z ichiga olgan turli-tuman matnlar mavjud. Payg'ambar Muhammad ﷺ iqtisodchi, iqtisod bo'yicha ilmiy darajaga ega shaxs emas edi. U payg'ambar va Alloh taolo elchisi bo'lib, iqtisod va boshqa turli masalalar bo'yicha vahiy olgan zot edi. Shu sababli, iqtisodiy tuzilmani olish va tizimlashtirish uchun istinbot jarayoni zarur bo'ladi.

The economic system in Islam is an integral part of the Islamic ideology. The rules related to the economy and finances are intertwined with other rules pertaining to marriage, family relations, politics, morals, rituals, beliefs, and others. Zakah, one of the components of the Islamic economy, is revealed in the Quran together with the ritual of prayer in more than fourteen verses in the form “establish the prayer and pay the Zakah.” In Surah Al-Mujadilah (chapter 48, verse 4), one of the options to recover from a marriage-related sin was to feed sixty poor people.55 What this really means is that the Quran and the Sunnah of Prophet Mohammad contain scattered texts which include rules related to finances and economy as well as to other topics. Prophet Mohammad was not an economist with a degree in economics. He was a prophet and a messenger of God who received revelation on various issues including economics. A derivation process, therefore, becomes necessary to obtain and systematize the economic structure.

Bu shuni ham anglatadiki, iqtisodiy tuzilma Islomning kattaroq tizimining bir qismi bo‘lib, uni na uning boshqa tizimlaridan (qardosh tizimlar), na asosidan (Islomning poydevori) ajratish mumkin. Islom iqtisodiy tizimi faqat Islomning qolgan qismi bilan birgalikda qabul qilinganda kutilgan natija — adolat va insof — ni bera oladi. Buni biz keyingi bo‘limda Islomda iqtisodiy va moliyaviy tizimning rivojlanishini muhokama qilganimizda yaqqol ko‘rasiz.

This further implies that the economic structure is part of a bigger schema of Islam and should not be separated either from its siblings (other systems) or root (the foundation of Islam). The economic system of Islam can and will produce the expected outcome of justice and fairness only when taken together with the rest of Islam. This will be evident when we discuss the development of the economic and financial system in Islam in the next section.

Ushbu bob uchta asosiy mavzuni yoritadi. Birinchisi — Islom iqtisodiy va moliyaviy tizimining bosqichma-bosqich rivojlanishi. Ikkinchi mavzu — Islomdagi siyosiy iqtisod. Oxirgisi — Islomdagi moliya tizimi.

This chapter presents three main topics. The first one is the gradual development of the economic and financial system of Islam. The second topic is the political economy in Islam. The last topic is the financial system in Islam.