4. 资本主义的制度性缺陷
4. Capitalism’s Systemic Flaws
英国政府向银行业注资5000亿英镑,这似乎是其最后一搏,试图挽救金融体系的系统性崩溃。就像一个屡屡输钱的赌徒,一次次回到赌场想要捞回损失,英国政府也一直在投入纳税人的真金白银,去弥补金融“资产”的亏损。
The £500 billon stake in the banking sector appears to be the last throw of the dice by the UK Government in an attempt to rescue systemic collapse in the financial system. Like a losing gambler who returns to the casino repeatedly to recoup his losses the British Government too keeps pouring real tax payers money to cover financial ‘asset’ losses.
几十年来,西方国家一直向世界宣讲所有权自由的好处,而市场资本主义正是这一理念的集中体现。不仅如此,它们还通过高薪咨询公司,在全球范围内制定并推行私有化计划、自由贸易政策、资本主义公司结构以及股票市场运作模式。
Western nations have for decades lectured the world about the benefits of freedom of ownership as epitomised in market capitalism. Not only that, they have, via highly paid consultancies, developed and implanted privatisation programmes, free trade policies, capitalist company structures and stock market operations around the globe.
通过所谓的“华盛顿共识”,国际货币基金组织和世界银行将资本主义政策强加给贫穷的发展中国家,而这些国家并不具备应对这些“结构调整”计划直接后果的能力。整个经济体遭到残酷破坏,造成了灾难性的后果。然而,每一次危机之后,这些银行家(国际货币基金组织和世界银行)都辩称,这些资本主义政策是迈向正确方向的必要一步。
Through the so-called ‘Washington consensus’ the IMF and World Bank have imposed capitalist policies on poor developing nations ill equipped to deal with the disastrous direct consequences of these ‘adjustment’ programmes. Whole economies have been brutally vandalised with catastrophic consequences. Yet the bankers (IMF and WB) have argued each time and after every crisis that these capitalist policies are a necessary step in the right direction.
然而,面对国内的经济崩溃,西方国家却与同样的处方相抵触、置之不理,或干脆弃之不顾。
However, faced with an economic collapse at home western nations have contradicted, overlooked or plainly disregarded the same prescription.
资本主义自由市场政策与原则之间的矛盾在当前危机中屡见不鲜,这些矛盾清楚地表明西方在意识形态上已经破产。
Contradictions with capitalist free market policies and principles which provide clear signs of an ideologically bankrupt West have been numerous in the current crisis:
1. 以前盈利的私营公司在经营失败后被国有化(例如英国的北岩银行(Northern Rock)和苏格兰皇家银行(Royal Bank of Scotland),以及美国的房利美(Fannie Mae)和房地美(Freddie Mac))。 2. 垄断和反托拉斯(或反竞争)法律遭到无视(例如英国劳埃德银行与哈利法克斯银行苏格兰集团(HBOS)之间的合并)。
1. Previously profitable failed private companies have been nationalised (e.g. Northern Rock and the Royal Bank of Scotland in the UK and Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac in the US) 2. Monopolies and anti-trust (or anti-competition) laws have been disregarded (e.g. the merger between Lloyds and HBOS in the UK).
3. 数以千亿计的纳税人资金被注入私营银行体系,用以贷款给以营利为目的的商业金融机构。
3. Hundreds of billions of tax payer’s money has been poured into the private banking system to lend money to commercial profit making financial institutions.
4. 尽管通胀率相对较高,利率仍然被下调,这与“稳健”的货币政策相悖(例如美国、英国和欧洲)。
4. Interest rates have been cut despite relatively high inflation contradicting ‘sound’ monetary policy (e.g. US, UK and Europe).
5. 尽管公共借贷和债务居高不下(例如美国),仍然减税,这与“审慎”的财政规则相矛盾。
5. Taxes have been cut despite high public borrowing and debt (e.g. US) contradicting ‘prudent’ fiscal rules.
6. 私营营利性公司(银行)的金融负债100%已由政府担保(例如爱尔兰)。
6. 100% of the financial liabilities of private profit making companies (banks) have been guaranteed by governments (e.g. Ireland).
7. 汽车制造类私营公司已获得信贷担保,以刺激投资(例如美国)。
7. Car manufacturing private corporations have been given credit guarantees to stimulate investment (e.g. US).
8. 政府动用纳税人的钱,购买资不抵债的私营企业的股份(例如英国的银行救助计划)。
8. Governments have used taxpayer’s money to buy shares in insolvent private corporations (e.g. UK bank rescue plan).
9. 对会计准则的拟议修订,包括财务会计准则中的公允价值(按市价计价)条款。
9. The planned amendment of accounting rules including fair value (mark to market) within Financial accounting standards.
金融市场的系统性失灵,清楚地证明了资本主义的罪责,因为在思想、价值观、政策、文化和世界观方面,金融体系比其他任何资本主义机构都更能集中体现资本主义。曾经被奉为神圣的资本主义所有权自由原则,已被证明对西方社会造成了灾难性的、毁灭性的损害。而否认一切所有权的另一个极端——共产主义,也同样被证明行不通。
The systematic failure of financial markets is a clear indictment of capitalism because the financial system epitomises capitalism in its thoughts, values, policies, culture and outlook, more than any other capitalist institution. The capitalist principle of freedom of ownership once sacrosanct has proved disastrous and ruinously damaging for society in the West. The other extreme of communism which denied ownership altogether has also proved unworkable.