5.2 Tarihin Mulkin Mallaka na Yammacin Duniya
5.2 Historical Background of Western Colonialism
Asalin mulkin mallaka na Yammacin Turai da ƙarfin iko ya samo asali ne daga gaba mai tsanani tsakanin sarakunan Turai, a zamanin Kiristanci. Wannan rikici ya faru duk da biyayyar su ta zahiri ga Fafaroma guda ɗaya, wanda dukansu suke yi. Daga nan ƙasashen Turai suka bincika hanyoyin teku, suna ratsawa fiye da Gabashin Tekun Bahar Rum don isa Yankin Indiya musamman. Wannan kuma ya sa Turawa suka bincika Amurka, inda sha'awar su ta samun arziki ta kai ga aikata munanan laifuffuka a kan mutanen waɗannan ƙasashe marasa ƙarfi.
The origins of Western colonialist imperialism can be traced back to the bitter rivalry between the kings of Europe, during the Christian era. This conflict was despite their formal loyalty to the single Pope, who was common amongst them. European powers then explored sea routes, traversing beyond the Eastern Mediterranean to reach the Indian Subcontinent, specifically. This also led the Europeans to explore the Americas, whereby their lust for personal enrichment led to atrocities perpetrated upon the powerless people of those lands.
An wasu yankuna na Asiya da Afirka ma an aikata azzalumai. Haka kuma, Turai ta sami dama mai kyau lokacin da Daular Usmaniyya ta fadi daga matsayin jagorar duniya, a karni na goma sha biyu bayan hijira. Daga nan sai dukiyar Asiya da Afirka mai yawa ta bude wa mulkin mallakar Turawa kwatsam.
Atrocities were also perpetrated in certain regions of Asia and Africa. Furthermore, Europe attained a golden opportunity when the Ottoman State fell from being the leading state of the world, in the twelfth Hijri century. Thereupon, the abundant wealth of Asia and Africa was suddenly open for European colonialism.
Ƙasashen Turai a wannan lokaci sun zama manyan ƙasashe na duniya, kuma gasar tsananin da ke tsakaninsu ta juya ta zama rikicin duniya a dabi'ance. Saboda haka, suka shiga rikice-rikicen soja kan abin da suka samu sabon mallaka. Bayan yaƙe-yaƙen Napoleon masu ɓarna, manyan ƙasashen Turai sun taru domin kafa wata hanya ta daidaita gasar mulkin mallaka a tsakaninsu. Manufar ita ce a guji yaƙi kai tsaye a fili. Ko da yake yarjejeniyar modus vivendi, Entente Cordiale da Triple Entente (Faransanci: Entente - yarjejeniyar abota) sun kawo zaman lafiya a cikin Turai, su ne sanadin manyan mamayar mulkin mallaka a tarihin ɗan Adam. Wannan saboda ya ba ƙasashen Turai damar mayar da hankalinsu wajen mallakar kusan dukkan duniya.
European nations by this stage had become global powers and the fierce rivalry between them naturally turned into a global conflict. Thereby, they entered into military conflicts over what they came to newly possess. After the devastating Napoleonic Wars, the major European powers convened in order to put in place a mechanism to regulate imperialist rivalry amongst themselves. It was to avoid direct, open war. Although the modus vivendi, the Entente Cordiale and the Triple Entente (French: Entente - friendly agreement) brought peace within Europe, they constituted the reason for the greatest colonialist invasions in human history. This is because it enabled the European powers to focus their attention to acquire almost the entire world.
Sashe na ƙarshe a labarin mulkin mallaka da ƙasashen Yamma suka yi ya fara ne da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, wanda ya kai ga fitowar Amurka a matsayin sabuwar babbar ƙasa mai ƙarfi, wadda ita ce jagorar duniya. Hakan ya kai ga tilasta rushewar daulolin mulkin mallaka na Turai. Bayan haka, dukiyar waɗannan daulolin ta zama wurin cin zarafi mai tsanani daga Amurka. Cibiyoyin Bretton Woods, wato Bankin Duniya da Asusun Lamuni na Duniya, na daga cikin manyan ginshiƙan wannan shiri. Tare da hakan, an sami danniyar al'adu daga Amurka a faɗin duniya. Amurka na ci gaba da faɗaɗa kasancewarta ta soja a ƙasashe ɗaya bayan ɗaya, tana amfani da irin wannan uzurin da magabatanta na Turai suka yi amfani da shi. Amurka tana gina sansanonin soja a sassan duniya. Tana kifar da gwamnatocin cikin gida, tana kuma sake fasalin masu mulki a waɗannan ƙasashe, don tabbatar da biyayyarsu ga umarnin Amurka. A yau, tsarin duniya har yanzu yana zama kayan aiki wajen daidaita gasar manyan ƙasashe, yana kuma samar da kayan aikin da ake bi don mayar da duniya ƙarƙashin buƙatunsu. Manyan ƙasashen da ke cikin yarjejeniyar Turai ta baya an maye gurbinsu da membobin dindindin guda biyar na Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Su ne manyan masu gogayya da juna, waɗanda tare suke sa ido kan cin zarafinsu na haɗin gwiwa ga dukkan ɗan Adam.
The final chapter in the story of Western colonialist imperialism began with the Second World War, which led to the emergence of the United States as a new super power, the new leading state. It led to the forced dismantlement of European colonialist empires. Subsequently, the spoils of these empires have become a hotbed of American exploitation. The Bretton Woods Institutions, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, amongst others, were the primary elements of this project. This was accompanied by the cultural tyranny of the US around the world. The US is still expanding its military presence in nations one after another, by using the same justifications used by its European predecessors. The United States builds military bases throughout the world. It uproots local regimes, whilst reshaping the ruling classes of those lands, to ensure their loyalty to American dictates. Today’s international system still serves as a tool to regulate the rivalry of major powers, whilst simultaneously providing the necessary tools to subjugate the world to their demands. The major powers of the previous European entente were replaced by the five permanent members of the Security Council of the United Nations. They are the powerful competitors that jointly oversee their collective exploitation of the entire human race.