Catatan Akhir

Endnotes

by Suhaib Hassan,3 min readViewed 141 times

1. Ar. Sunnah: Jalan, Lintasan, Tradisi, Teladan. Lihat An Introduction to the Sunnah karya Suhaib Hasan (Understanding Islam Series no. 5, diterbitkan oleh Al-Quran Society) untuk dalil-dalil Al-Qur'an tentang wahyu selain Al-Qur'an, pentingnya Sunnah, dan sejarah singkat kumpulan Hadis. Lihat juga al-Risalah karya Imam al-Syafi'i untuk kedudukan Sunnah yang otoritatif (terjemahan Inggris, hlm. 109-116).

1. Ar. Sunnah: Way, Path, Tradition, Example. See An Introduction to the Sunnah by Suhaib Hasan (Understanding Islam Series no. 5, published by Al-Quran Society), for Qur'anic proofs of revelation besides the Qur'an, the importance of the Sunnah, and a brief history of the collections of Hadith. See also Imam al- Shafi'i's al-Risalah for the authoritative position of the Sunnah (Eng. trans., pp. 109- 116).

2. diriwayatkan oleh Imam Muslim dalam Muqaddimah kitab Sahih-nya - lihat Sahih Muslim (ed. M.F. 'Abdul Baqi, 5 jilid, Kairo, 1374/1955), 1:15 & Sahih Muslim bi Sharh an-Nawawi (18 jilid dalam 6 buku, Kairo, 1349), 1:87. Terjemahan bahasa Inggris Sahih Muslim yang sudah ada, oleh Abdul Hamid Siddiqi, tidak memuat Muqaddimah yang sangat berharga ini.

2. related by Imam Muslim in the Introduction to his Sahih - see Sahih Muslim (ed. M.F. 'Abdul Baqi, 5 vols., Cairo, 1374/1955), 1:15 & Sahih Muslim bi Sharh an-Nawawi (18 vols. in 6, Cairo, 1349), 1:87. The existing English translation of Sahih Muslim, by Abdul Hamid Siddiqi, does not contain this extremely valuable Introduction.

3. Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi, Al-Jarh wa l-Ta'dil (8 jilid, Hyderabad, 1360-1373), 1:20.

3. Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi, Al-Jarh wa l-Ta'dil (8 vols., Hyderabad, 1360-1373), 1:20.

4. Sahih Muslim, 1:15. Lihat Suhaib Hasan, Criticism of Hadith among Muslims with reference to Sunan Ibn Maja (Ta Ha publishers / Al-Quran Society, London, 1407/1986), hlm. 15-17 untuk pembahasan mengenai pernyataan Ibnu Sirin ini.

4. Sahih Muslim, 1:15. See Suhaib Hasan, Criticism of Hadith among Muslims with reference to Sunan Ibn Maja (Ta Ha publishers / Al-Quran Society, London, 1407/1986), pp. 15-17 for discussion of this statement of Ibn Sirin.

5. Pernyataan-pernyataan seperti ini merupakan pengecualian dari larangan dasar dalam Islam terhadap ghibah (menggunjing) sesama Muslim, meskipun pernyataan tersebut benar. Pengecualian semacam ini diperbolehkan, bahkan wajib dalam beberapa kasus, apabila menyangkut kemaslahatan umum kaum Muslimin, seperti mengetahui hadis-hadis yang sahih. Lihat misalnya Riyad al-Salihin karya al-Nawawi, Bab tentang Ghibah, untuk dalil pembenaran sebagian jenis ghibah dari Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah.

5. Remarks like these are exceptions from the basic Islamic prohibition of backbiting (ghibah) another Muslim, even if the statement is true. Such exceptions are allowed, even obligatory in some cases, where general benefit to the Muslim public is at stake, such as knowing which ahadith are authentic. See e.g. Riyad al- Salihin of al-Nawawi, Chapter on Backbiting, for the justification for certain types of backbiting from the Qur'an and Sunnah.

6. Muhammad Adib Salih, Lamahat fi Usul al-Hadith (edisi ke-2, al-Maktab al-Islami, Beirut, 1389), hlm. 143.

6. Muhammad Adib Salih, Lamahat fi Usul al-Hadith (2nd ed., al-Maktab al-Islami, Beirut, 1389), p. 143.

7. Tahir b. Ahmad al-Jaza'iri, Taujih al-Nazar ila Usul al-Nazar (Maktaba 'Ilmiyyah, Madinah, N.D.), hlm. 68.

7. Tahir b. Ahmad al-Jaza'iri, Taujih al-Nazar ila Usul al-Nazar (Maktaba 'Ilmiyyah, Madinah, N.D.), p. 68.

8. Muhammad b. 'Abdullah al-Hakim, Ma'rifah 'Ulum al-Hadith (ed. Mu'azzam Husain, Cairo, 1937), hlm. 17.

8. Muhammad b. 'Abdullah al-Hakim, Ma'rifah 'Ulum al-Hadith (ed. Mu'azzam Husain, Cairo, 1937), p. 17.

9. ibid.

10. Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, Tadrib al-Rawi (ed. A.A. Latif, cet. 1, Kairo, 1379/1959), 1:197.

10. Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, Tadrib al-Rawi (ed. A.A. Latif, 1st ed., Cairo, 1379/1959), 1:197.

1. Al-Dhahabi, Talkhis al-Mustadrak (dicetak bersama Mustadrak al-Hakim, 4 jilid, Hyderabad), 3:176.

11. Al-Dhahabi, Talkhis al-Mustadrak (printed with Mustadrak al-Hakim, 4 vols., Hyderabad), 3:176.

12. Abu 'l-Fida' 'Imad al-Din Ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim (4 jilid, Kairo, t.t.), 1:80.

12. Abu 'l-Fida' 'Imad al-Din Ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim (4 vols., Cairo, N.D.), 1:80.

13. Yusuf b. 'Abdullah Ibn 'Abdul Barr, Tajrid al-Tamhid lima fi l-Muwatta' min al-Asanid (Kairo, 1350), 1:2.

13. Yusuf b. 'Abdullah Ibn 'Abdul Barr, Tajrid al- Tamhid lima fi l-Muwatta' min al-Asanid (Cairo, 1350), 1:2.

ibid.

14. ibid.

15. al-Suyuti, 1:198.

16. Untuk pembahasan secara terperinci, lihat al-Shafi'i, al-Risalah (ed. Ahmad Shakir, Kairo, 1358/1940, hlm.

16. For the discussion in detail, see al-Shafi'i, al-Risalah (ed. Ahmad Shakir, Cairo, 1358/1940, pp.

461-470; terjemahan Inggris: M. Khadduri, edisi ke-2, Islamic Texts Society, Cambridge, 1987, hlm. 279-284, di mana hadis mursal diterjemahkan sebagai "interrupted tradition").

461-470; English translation: M. Khadduri, 2nd ed., Islamic Texts Society, Cambridge, 1987, pp. 279-284, where the mursal hadith has been translated as "interrupted tradition").

17. al-Suyuti, 1:199; Muhammad b. Mustafa al-Ghadamsi, Al-Mursal min al-Hadith (Darif Ltd., London, N.D.), hlm. 71.

17. al-Suyuti, 1:199; Muhammad b. Mustafa al- Ghadamsi, Al-Mursal min al-Hadith (Darif Ltd., London, N.D.), p.71.

18. Ibn al-Qayyim, I'lam al-Muwaqqi'in (cet. ke-2, 4 jilid dalam 2, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, 1397/1977), 1:31.

18. Ibn al-Qayyim, I'lam al-Muwaqqi'in (2nd ed., 4 vols. in 2, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, 1397/1977), 1:31.

19. Ibn Hazm, Al-Ihkam fi Usul al-Ahkam (Matba'ah al-Sa'adah, Kairo, 1345), 2:135.

19. Ibn Hazm, Al-Ihkam fi Usul al-Ahkam (Matba'ah al-Sa'adah, Cairo, 1345), 2:135.

20. Al-Hazimi, Shurut al-A'immah al-Khamsah (ed. M.Z. al-Kauthari, Kairo, t.t.), hlm. 45.

20. Al-Hazimi, Shurut al-A'immah al-Khamsah (ed. M.Z. al-Kauthari, Cairo, N.D.), p. 45.

21. Menurut berbagai tafsir atas ayat ini, kata "mereka" di sini bisa merujuk kepada orang-orang yang tinggal di belakang, atau kepada orang-orang yang berangkat.

21. According to the different interpretations of this verse, "they" here could refer to those who stay behind, or those who go forth.

22. al-Hakim, hlm. 26.

22. al-Hakim, p. 26.

23. ibid.

24. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Al-Kifayah fi 'Ilm al-Riwayah (Hyderabad, 1357), hlm. 387.

24. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Al-Kifayah fi 'Ilm al- Riwayah (Hyderabad, 1357), p. 387.

25. Ibid., hlm. 411-413.

25. ibid., pp. 411-413.

26. Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi, Al-Taqyid wa 'l-Idah Sharh Muqaddimah Ibn al-Salah (al-Maktabah al-Salafiyyahh, Madinah, 1389/1969), hlm. 72.

26. Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi, Al-Taqyid wa 'l-Idah Sharh Muqaddimah Ibn al-Salah (al-Maktabah al-Salafiyyahh, Madinah, 1389/1969), p. 72.

27. Ibnu Taimiyyah, Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah fi Naqd Kalam asy-Syi'ah wa al-Qadariyyah (al-Maktabah al-Amiriyyah, Bulaq, 1322), 4:117.

27. Ibn Taymiyyah, Minhaj al-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah fi Naqd Kalam al-Shi'ah wa 'l-Qadariyyah (al-Maktabah al-Amiriyyah, Bulaq, 1322), 4:117.

28. Al-Dhahabi, Al-Muqizah (Maktab al-Matbu'at al-Islamiyyah, Halab, 1405), hlm. 40.

28. Al-Dhahabi, Al-Muqizah (Maktab al-Matbu'at al- Islamiyyah, Halab, 1405), p. 40.

29. al-Jaza'iri, hlm. 33.

29. al-Jaza'iri, p. 33.

30. Ibid.

30. ibid.

31. Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani, Sharh Nukhbah al-Fikr (ed. M. 'Aud & M.G. Sabbagh, Damascus, 1410/1990), hlm. 8-9.

31. Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani, Sharh Nukhbah al-Fikr (ed. M. 'Aud & M.G. Sabbagh, Damascus, 1410/1990), pp. 8-9.

32. al-Jaza'iri, hlm. 49; Muhammad b. Isma'il al-Amir al-San'ani, Taudih al-Afkar (2 jilid, ed. M.M. 'Abdul Hamid, Kairo, 1366 H), 2:405.

32. al-Jaza'iri, p. 49; Muhammad b. Isma'il al- Amir al-San'ani, Taudih al-Afkar (2 vols. ed. M.M. 'Abdul Hamid, Cairo, 1366), 2:405.

33. al-San'ani, 2:409.

34. al-Hakim, hlm. 96-102.

34. al-Hakim, pp. 96-102.

35. al-San'ani, 2:455.

36. al-'Iraqi, hlm. 268.

36. al-'Iraqi, p. 268.

37. al-San'ani, 2:406.

38. al-'Iraqi, hlm. 96.

38. al-'Iraqi, p. 96.

39. ibid.

40. Ibn Hajar, Tabaqat al-Mudallisin (Kairo, 1322), hlm. 7f.

40. Ibn Hajar, Tabaqat al-Mudallisin (Cairo, 1322), p. 7f.

41. al-'Iraqi, hlm. 98.

41. al-'Iraqi, p. 98.

42. al-Hakim, hlm. 30-34.

42. al-Hakim, pp. 30-34.

43. Ibid., hlm. 119.

43. ibid., p. 119.

44. Ibn Kathir, Ikhtisar 'Ulum al-Hadith (ed. Ahmad Shakir, cet. ke-2, Kairo, 1951), hlm. 57.

44. Ibn Kathir, Ikhtisar 'Ulum al-Hadith (ed. Ahmad Shakir, 2nd imp., Cairo, 1951), p. 57.

45. al-Suyuti, 1:235; M. A. Salih, p. 260.

46. al-San'ani, 2:3.

47. Ibid., 2:6.

47. ibid., 2:6.

48. al-Khatib, hlm. 431.

48. al-Khatib, p. 431.

49. Ibn Kathir, Tafsir, 4:349.

50. Ibn Katsir, Ikhtisar, hlm. 62.

50. Ibn Kathir, Ikhtisar, p. 62.

51. al-Suyuti, 1:248.

52. al-Hakim, hlm. 39.

52. al-Hakim, p. 39.

53. al-'Iraqi, hlm. 129f.

53. al-'Iraqi, p. 129f.

54. al-Suyuti, 1:274.

55. Ibn Katsir, Ikhtisar, hlm. 72.

55. Ibn Kathir, Ikhtisar, p. 72.

56. ibid.

57. Ibn 'Abdul Barr, Al-Tamhid, 3:32, sebagaimana dikutip oleh Luqman al-Salafi, Ihtimam al-Muhaddithin bi Naqd al-Hadith, hlm. 381f.

57. Ibn 'Abdul Barr, Al-Tamhid, 3:32, as quoted by Luqman al-Salafi, Ihtimam al-Muhaddithin bi Naqd al-Hadith, p. 381f.

58. Ibn Katsir, Ikhtisar, hlm. 88.

58. Ibn Kathir, Ikhtisar, p. 88.

59. Ibid., hlm. 87.

59. ibid., p. 87.

60. Shams al-Din Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sakhawi, Fath al-Mughith Sharh Alfiyyah al-Hadith li 'l-'Iraqi (Lucknow, t.t.), 1:278.

60. Shams al-Din Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al- Sakhawi, Fath al-Mughith Sharh Alfiyyah al-Hadith li 'l-'Iraqi (Lucknow, N.D.), 1:278.

61. 'Utsman bin 'Abd al-Rahman al-Dimasyqi Ibnu ash-Shalah, 'Ulum al-Hadits (yang umum dikenal sebagai Muqaddimah, ed. at-Tabbakh, Halab, 1350), hlm. 116.

61. 'Uthman b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Dimashqi Ibn al- Salah, 'Ulum al-Hadith (commonly known as Muqaddimah, ed. al-Tabbakh, Halab, 1350), p. 116.

62. 'Ali b. 'Abdullah b. Ja'far Ibn al-Madini, Kitab al-'Ilal, hlm. 58. Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani menyebutkan bahwa para Imam Hadis telah sepakat bahwa al-Hasan al-Basri tidak pernah mendengar sepatah kata pun dari 'Ali.

62. 'Ali b. 'Abdullah b. Ja'far Ibn al-Madini, Kitab al-'Ilal, p. 58. Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani mentions that the Imams of Hadith have agreed that al-Hasan al-Basri did not hear a single word from 'Ali.

63. Sahih Muslim, 4:2149 (terjemahan Inggris, IV:1462, Syarh Nawawi, 17:133).

63. Sahih Muslim, 4:2149 (English transl., IV:1462, Sharh Nawawi, 17:133).

64. Ibnu Taimiyyah, Majmu' Fatawa (37 jilid, ed. 'Abd al-Rahman b. Qasim dan putranya Muhammad, Riyad, 1398 H), 18:18 dst. Ibnu Taimiyyah menyebutkan bahwa penilaian sahih Imam Muslim terhadap hadis ini didukung oleh Abu Bakr al-Anbari dan Ibnu al-Jauzi, sedangkan al-Baihaqi mendukung mereka yang mencela hadis tersebut. Al-Albani menyatakan bahwa yang mengkritik hadis ini adalah Ibnu al-Madini, sedangkan Ibnu Ma'in tidak demikian (Ibnu Ma'in dikenal sangat ketat, dan keduanya adalah guru al-Bukhari). Ia selanjutnya menyatakan bahwa hadis ini sahih dan tidak bertentangan dengan Al-Qur'an, berbeda dengan pandangan yang kemungkinan besar dianut para ulama yang mengkritik hadis tersebut, karena yang disebutkan dalam Al-Qur'an adalah penciptaan langit dan bumi dalam enam hari, yang masing-masing mungkin seperti seribu tahun, sedangkan hadis ini hanya menyebutkan penciptaan bumi, dalam hari-hari yang lebih pendek daripada yang disebutkan dalam Al-Qur'an (Silsilah al-Ahadith as-Sahihah, no. 1833).

64. Ibn Taimiyyah, Majmu' Fatawa (37 vols., ed. 'Abd al-Rahman b. Qasim & his son Muhammad, Riyad, 1398), 18:18f. Ibn Taimiyyah mentions that Imam Muslim's authentication of this hadith is supported by Abu Bakr al-Anbari & Ibn al- Jauzi, whereas al-Baihaqi supports those who disparaged it. Al-Albani says that it was Ibn al-Madini who criticised it, whereas Ibn Ma'in did not (the latter was known to be very strict, both of them were shaikhs of al-Bukhari). He further says that the hadith is sahih, and does not contradict the Qur'an, contrary to the probable view of the scholars who criticised the hadith, since what is mentioned in the Qur'an is the creation of the heavens and the earth in six days, each of which may be like a thousand years, whereas the hadith refers to the creation of the earth only, in days which are shorter than those referred to in the Qur'an (Silsilah al-Ahadith as-Sahihah, no. 1833).

65. al-Dhahabi, hlm. 27.

65. al-Dhahabi, p. 27.

66. al-Shafi'i, hlm. 370f (terj. Ing., hlm. 239–240).

66. al-Shafi'i, p. 370f (Eng. trans., pp. 239- 240).

67. al-Dhahabi, hlm. 24.

67. al-Dhahabi, p. 24.

68. al-Nawawi, Muqaddimah, hlm. 14.

68. al-Nawawi, Muqaddimah, p. 14.

69. al-Tibi, al-Husain b. 'Abdullah, al-Khulasah fi Usul al-Hadith (ed. Subhi al-Samarra'i, Baghdad, 1391), hlm. 36.

69. al-Tibi, al-Husain b. 'Abdullah, al-Khulasah fi Usul al-Hadith (ed. Subhi al-Samarra'i, Baghdad, 1391), p. 36.

70. Ibid., hlm. 38.

70. ibid., p. 38.

71. al-Nawawi, Muqaddimah, hlm. 43.

71. al-Nawawi, Muqaddimah, p. 43.

72. al-Dhahabi, hlm. 26.

72. al-Dhahabi, p. 26.

73. Ibid., hlm. 32-33.

73. ibid., pp. 32-33.

74. al-Albani, Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Sahihah, no. 62.

75. al-Jaza'iri, hlm. 149.

75. al-Jaza'iri, p. 149.

76. al-Sakhawi, 1:99.

77. al-Dhahabi, hlm. 33-34.

77. al-Dhahabi, pp. 33-34.

78. Ibid., hlm. 36.

78. ibid., p. 36.

79. al-Sakhawi, 1:264.

80. Ibid., 1:275.

80. ibid., 1:275.

81. al-Nawawi, Taqrib, 1:275.

82. Lihat Ibn al-Qayyim, al-Manar al-Munif fi 'l-Sahih wa 'l-Da'if (ed. A.F. Abu Ghuddah, Lahore, 1402/1982), hlm. 102-105 untuk pembahasan yang lebih lengkap. Ibn al-Qayyim menyebutkan lebih dari sepuluh indikasi yang jelas tentang pemalsuan dokumen tersebut, yang berulang kali digunakan oleh orang-orang Yahudi untuk menipu kaum Muslimin selama berabad-abad. Namun setiap kali, seorang ulama hadis tampil untuk menunjukkan pemalsuannya. Peristiwa semacam itu terjadi pada Ibn Jarir al-Tabari (w. 310), al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (w. 463), dan Ibn Taimiyyah (w. 728), yang meludahi dokumen tersebut ketika dibentangkan dari bawah sampulnya yang terbuat dari sutra.

82. see Ibn al-Qayyim, al-Manar al-Munif fi 'l- Sahih wa 'l-Da'if (ed. A.F. Abu Ghuddah, Lahore, 1402/1982), pp. 102-105 for a fuller discussion. Ibn al-Qayyim mentions more than ten clear indications of the forgery of the document, which the Jews repeatedly attempted to use to deceive the Muslims over the centuries, but each time a scholar of Hadith intervened to point out the forgery - such incidents occurred with Ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 310), al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (d. 463) and Ibn Taimiyyah (d. 728), who spat on the document as it was unfolded from beneath its silken covers.

83. Suhaib Hasan, Criticism of Hadith, pp. 35-44.

84. Nabi ﷺ membolehkan riwayat-riwayat semacam itu, namun riwayat tersebut tidak boleh dibenarkan maupun didustakan, kecuali yang dibenarkan atau didustakan oleh Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah. Lihat misalnya An Introduction to the Principles of Tafseer of Ibn Taimiyyah (terj. M.A.H. Ansari, Al-Hidaayah, Birmingham, 1414/1993), hlm. 56-58.

84. The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) allowed such narrations, but they are not to be confirmed nor denied, except for what is confirmed or denied by the Qur'an and Sunnah. See e.g. An Introduction to the Principles of Tafseer of Ibn Taimiyyah (trans. M.A.H. Ansari, Al- Hidaayah, Birmingham, 1414/1993), pp. 56-58.

85. Ibid., hlm. 156.

85. ibid., p. 156.

86. lihat Muqaddimah Ibn al-Shalah.

86. see Muqaddimah Ibn al-Salah.

87. Fatawa Ibn Taimiyyah, 6:379-382.

88. Isma'il b. Muhammad al-'Ijlouni, Kashf al-Khafa' (2 jilid dalam 1, Kairo/Aleppo, tanpa tahun), no. 2016.

88. Isma'il b. Muhammad al-'Ijlouni, Kashf al- Khafa' (2 vols. in 1, Cairo/Aleppo, N.D.), no. 2016.

89. Al-Albani, Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Da'ifah, no. 282.

90. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 2256.

91. Sahih al-Jami' al-Saghir, no. 2163; Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Sahihah, no. 1691.

92. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 2532; Al-Da'ifah, no. 66.

93. Al-Da'ifah, no. 58.

94. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 1102; Al-Da'ifah, no. 36.

95. Al-Sahihah, no. 1761. 96. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 2130.

97. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 618. 98. Da'if al-Jami' al-Saghir, nos. 1410, 1416. 99. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 1078; Al-Da'ifah, no. 593. 100. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 1665; Sahih al-Jami' al-Saghir, nos. 3913-4.

97. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 618. 98. Da'if al-Jami' al-Saghir, nos. 1410, 1416. 99. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 1078; Al-Da'ifah, no. 593. 100. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 1665; Sahih al-Jami' al- Saghir, nos. 3913-4.

101. Al-Da'ifah, no. 416; Da'if al-Jami' al-Saghir, nos. 1005-6. 102. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 2276.

101. Al-Da'ifah, no. 416; Da'if al-Jami' al- Saghir, nos. 1005-6. 102. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 2276.

103. Kashf al-Khafa', no. 1362.