١.٢٤ مرضُه الأخير، ووفاتُه، ووصيتُه الأخيرة، وتعيينُه عمرَ خليفةً - تاريخ الخلفاء الراشدين | Quran Course

١.٢٤ مرضُه الأخير، ووفاتُه، ووصيتُه الأخيرة، وتعيينُه عمرَ خليفةً - تاريخ الخلفاء الراشدين | Quran Course

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١.٢٤ مرضُه الأخير، ووفاتُه، ووصيتُه الأخيرة، وتعيينُه عمرَ خليفةً

1.24 His Final Illness, His Death, His Last Testament And His Appointment Of Cumar As Khalifah

by Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti - translated by Abdassamad Clarke5 min readViewed 202 times

سيف والحاكم رَوَيَا عن ابن عمر أنه قال: كان سبب وفاة أبي بكر وفاةَ رسول الله ﷺ، فقد حزن حزناً شديداً، واستمر جسده في الضعف والنحول حتى توفي.

Saif and al-Hakim narrated that Ibn cUmar said: The cause of Abu Bakr’s death was the passing away of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He was distressed and his body continued to waste away until he died.

أخرج ابنُ سعدٍ والحاكمُ بسندٍ صحيحٍ أنَّ ابنَ شهابٍ حدَّثَ أنَّ أبا بكرٍ والحارثَ بنَ كلدةَ كانا يأكلانِ حساءً أُهدِيَ لأبي بكرٍ، فقالَ الحارثُ لأبي بكرٍ: «ارفعْ يدَكَ يا خليفةَ رسولِ اللهِ ﷺ، فواللهِ إنَّ فيهِ لسمَّ سنةٍ، أنا وأنتَ نموتُ في يومٍ واحدٍ». فرفعَ يدَهُ عنهُ، فجعلا يَمرَضانِ حتى ماتا في يومٍ واحدٍ في آخرِ السنةِ.

Ibn Sacd and al-Hakim narrated with a sahih isnad that Ibn Shihab related that Abu Bakr and al-Harith ibn Kaladah were eating a broth which Abu Bakr had been given. Al-Harith said to Abu Bakr, ‘Lift your hand (from the dish) Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah. By Allah, in it there is a year’s poison. I and you will die on the same day.’ He took his hand away from it. Both of them became increasingly sick until they died on the same day at the end of the year.

فهو يرضى لرضا الله، ويسخط لسخطه، وما يُسرّ خيرٌ مما يُعلن، ولن يتولى هذا الأمر أحدٌ أقوى عليه منه.» فدخل عليه بعض الصحابة، فقال له أحدهم: «ماذا تقول لربك إذا سألك عن استخلافك عمر علينا، وقد رأيت شدته؟» فقال أبو بكر: «أبالله تخوفني؟ أقول: اللهم إني استخلفت عليهم خير أهلك.» فبلّغوا عني ما قلتُ لمن وراءكم. ثم دعا عثمان فقال: «اكتب: بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. هذا ما عهد أبو بكر بن أبي قحافة عند آخر عهده بالدنيا خارجًا منها، وأول عهده بالآخرة داخلًا فيها، حيث يؤمن الكافر، ويتيقن الفاجر، ويصدق الكاذب. إني استخلفت عليكم بعدي عمر بن الخطاب، فاسمعوا له وأطيعوا، ولم آلُ الله ورسوله ودينه ونفسي وإياكم. فإن عدل فذلك ظني به وعلمي فيه، وإن بدّل فلكل امرئ ما اكتسب، وإني أردت الخير، ولا أعلم الغيب، ﴿وَسَيَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَيَّ مُنقَلَبٍ يَنقَلِبُونَ﴾ [الشعراء: ٢٢٧]. والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته.» ثم طلب الكتاب فختمه، ثم أمر عثمان، فخرج بالكتاب مختومًا، فبايع الناس وارتضوا به. ثم استدعى أبو بكر عمر على انفراد، ونصحه بما نصحه به. ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ، فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَيْهِ وَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي لَمْ أُرِدْ بِذَلِكَ إِلَّا خَيْرَهُمْ، وَخَشِيتُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْفِتْنَةَ، وَقَدْ فَعَلْتُ لَهُمْ مَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ، وَاجْتَهَدْتُ لَهُمْ رَأْيِي فِي اخْتِيَارِ الْأَصْلَحِ، فَوَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ خَيْرَهُمْ، وَأَقْوَاهُمْ، وَأَحْرَصَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يُرْشِدُهُمْ. وَقَدْ حَضَرَنِي مِنْ أَمْرِكَ مَا حَضَرَ، فَاسْتَخْلِفْ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِي، فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ، وَنَوَاصِيهِمْ بِيَدِكَ. اللَّهُمَّ أَصْلِحْ وُلَاتَهُمْ، وَاجْعَلْهُ مِنْ خُلَفَائِكَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ، وَأَصْلِحْ لَهُ رَعِيَّتَهُ». رَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَالْحَاكِمُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: كَانَ أَبْعَدُ النَّاسِ نَظَرًا ثَلَاثَةٌ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ حِينَ اسْتَخْلَفَ عُمَرَ، وَامْرَأَةُ مُوسَى حِينَ قَالَتْ: ﴿يَا أَبَتِ اسْتَأْجِرْهُ﴾ [القصص: 26]، وَصَاحِبُ فِرْعَوْنَ حِينَ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: ﴿أَكْرِمِي مَثْوَاهُ﴾ [يوسف: 21].

I le is pleased for the good pleasure (of Allah), and displeased for the displeasure (of Allah). What he conceals is better than what he makes public. No-one stronger for this command than him will ever have authority over it.’ Some of the Companions entered upon him and one said to him, ‘What will you say to your Lord when He asks you about your appointing cUmar as khalifah over us when you have seen his toughness?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘By Allah, are you trying to frighten me? I will say, “O Allah, I have appointed as khalifah over them the best of Your people.” Convey from me what I said to those behind you.’ Then he called cUthman and said, ‘Write, “In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate. This is the testament of Abu Bakr ibn Abi Quhafah at the end of his time in the world, as he was leaving it, and at the beginning of his time in the Akhirah, as he was entering it, where the disbeliever will believe, the wicked will be certain, and the liar will tell the truth. I have appointed after me as khalifah over you cUmar ibn al-Khattab; so listen to him and obey him. I have not fallen short in my duty to Allah and His Messenger and His deen and to myself and you. If he is just, then that is my opinion of him and my knowledge of him. If he changes things, then every man has that which he earned. I intended good, and I do not know the hidden things, ‘... and the ones who do wrong shall know what place of transformation they will be transferred to! (Qur’an 26: 227) Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.’” He asked for the writing and sealed it. Then he ordered 1 Uthman, and he went out with the letter thus sealed, and people pledged allegiance and were pleased with it. Abu Bakr summoned ‘ Umar in private and advised him whatever he advised him. Then he left him and Abu Bakr raised his hands and said, ‘O Allah, I only meant by that their good and feared dissension for them, and I have done for them what You know best, and I have exerted my intellect for them in arriving at a decision, and have appointed the best of them over them, and the strongest of them, and the most eager of them for that which would guide them. And there has come to me of Your command what has come to me (death), so put another in my place over them, for they are Your slaves, their forelocks are in Your hand. O Allah, put right their rulers, and make him one of Your khalifahs who take the right way, and put right his subjects for him.’ Ibn Sacd and al-Hakim narrated that Ibn Mascud said: The most farsighted of people were three: Abu Bakr when he appointed cUmar as khalifah, the woman companion of Musa when she said, ‘Hire him!' (Qur’an 28: 26), and the chief minister (of Fii^awn) when he said to his wife, ‘Honour his (Yusuf’s) dwelling place! (Qur’an 12: 21).

روى ابنُ عساكر عن يسار بن حمزة قال: لما اشتد مرضُ أبي بكرٍ قام فأشرف على الناس من كوّةٍ صغيرة فقال: "إني قد عهدتُ عهدًا، فهل ترضون بمن أستخلفه عليكم؟" فقال الناس: "نرضى يا خليفةَ رسولِ الله ﷺ". فقام عليٌّ فقال: "لا نرضى إلا أن يكون عمرُ". فقال: "هو عمر". وروى أحمدُ عن عائشةَ رضي الله عنها قالت: لما حضرت أبا بكرٍ الوفاةُ قال: "أيُّ يومٍ هذا؟" قالوا: "يوم الاثنين". قال: "إن مِتُّ الليلةَ فلا تنتظروا بي الصباحَ، وأحبُّ الأيامِ والليالي إليَّ أقربُها من رسولِ الله ﷺ". وروى مالكٌ عن عائشةَ رضي الله عنها أن أبا بكرٍ نحلها جِذاذَ عشرين وسقًا من مال الغابة. فلما حضرته الوفاةُ قال: "يا بنيّة، والله ما من الناسِ أحدٌ أحبُّ إليَّ غنًى بعدي منكِ، ولا أعزُّ عليَّ فقرًا بعدي منكِ، وإني كنتُ نحلتُكِ جِذاذَ عشرين وسقًا، فلو كنتِ جَدَدتِيه وأخذتيه كان لكِ، وإنما هو اليومَ مالُ وارثٍ، وإنما هما أخواكِ وأختاكِ، فاقتسموه على كتاب الله". قالت: "يا أبتِ، والله لو كان كذا وكذا لتركتُه، إنما هي أسماءُ، فمن الأخرى؟" قال: "ذو بطنِ بنتِ خارجةَ، أُراها جاريةً". رواه ابنُ سعد، وفي روايةٍ قال: "الجنينُ الذي في بطنِ بنتِ خارجةَ، أُراه جاريةً، فاستوصي به". فولدت أمَّ كلثوم.

Ibn cAsakir narrated that Yasar ibn Hamzah said: When Abu Bakr’s illness grew serious he stood and looked over the people from a small window and said, ‘I have made a covenant, so will you be contented with it?’ So the people said, ‘We will be content with it, Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah.’ Then cAli stood and said, ‘We will not be content unless it is cUmar.’ He said, ‘It is cUmar.’ Ahmad narrated that CA’ ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: When death came to Abu Bakr, he said, ‘What day is this?’ They said, ‘Monday.’ He said, ‘If I die tonight do not wait until tomorrow (to bury me), because the most beloved of days and nights to me is the closest to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ Malik narrated that CA’ ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said that Abu Bakr made a present to her of the fruit-cuttings of palm trees, twenty camel loads, from al-Ghabah. When death came to him he said, ‘My little daughter, by Allah, there is no human being that I would more love to see wealthy than you, and there is no-one whose poverty after me is more grievous to me than you. I had given you as a gift twenty camel loads of fruit-cuttings of palm trees; if you had cut them and taken them they would have been yours, however loti ay they are only the property of the ones who inherit, who are your two brothers and your two sisters, so divide them up by the hook of Allah.’ She said, ‘Father, even if it had been so much and so much I would have given it up. There is only Asma’ (her sister), who is the other (sister)?’ He said, ‘The child who is in the womb of Kharijah’s daughter; I think it is a girl.’ Ibn Sacd narrated it. In a version he said, ‘The child who is in the womb of Kharijah’s daughter; it occurs to me that it is a girl, so make her your concern.’ Then she gave birth to Umm Kulthum.

"وَأَبْيَضُ، يُسْتَسْقَى الْغَمَامُ بِوَجْهِهِ، ثِمَالُ الْيَتَامَى، عِصْمَةٌ لِلْأَرَامِلِ". قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: "ذَاكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ". وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ فِي "زَوَائِدِ الزُّهْدِ" عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا حَضَرَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الْوَفَاةُ قَالَ لِعَائِشَةَ: "اغْسِلِي هَذَيْنِ الثَّوْبَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ كَانَا عَلَيَّ وَكَفِّنِينِي فِيهِمَا، فَإِنَّ أَبَاكِ أَحَدُ رَجُلَيْنِ: إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ أُلْبِسَ أَحْسَنَ الثِّيَابِ، أَوْ أُخِذَ مِنْهُ أَسْوَأُ الثِّيَابِ". وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَوْصَى قَبْلَ وَفَاتِهِ أَنْ تَغْسِلَ جَسَدَهُ زَوْجَتُهُ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ، وَأَنْ يُعِينَهَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ.

‘And a pure one, free from faults, from whose face the clouds draw drinking water, Orphans love (him), a protection for the widows.’ Abu Bakr said, ‘That was the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ ' Abdullah ibn Ahmad narrated in Zawdidaz-Zuhd that cUbadah Ibn Qais said: When death came to Abu Bakr he said to cA’ishah, 'Wash these two cloths of mine and wrap me in them, for your father is one of two men: either dressed in the best way or stripped in the worst way.’ Ibn Abi’d-Dunya narrated that Ibn Abi Mulaykah said that Abu Bakr left as his last wish that his wife, Asma’ bint cUmays, should wash his body and that cAbd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr should help her.