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The Life Of Ibn Hanbal4 min readViewed 3 times

His Clothing


[Al-Maymūnī:] Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal wore garments of a medium length.254 His outermost garment255 was worth fifteen dirhams, while his tunic256 was of the sort that could be bought for about a dinar. The tunic was neither too fine nor too coarse. His outermost garment was fringed. 48.1

[Ḥamdan ibn ʿAlī:] Aḥmad’s clothing was nothing special, beyond being of clean cotton. Toward the end of his life, after his sons no longer depended on his income and he could spend it on himself, he wore clothing of better quality. 48.2

[Al-Fadl ibn Ziyād:] I remember seeing Aḥmad dressed for winter in two long tunics, with a colored gown between them. He often wore a tunic and a heavy fur:

when it got very cold, I would see him wearing the fur over his gown. I also saw him wearing a heavy wrap, with a turban wound around his cap.257 48.3

One day I heard Abū ʿImrān al-Wirkānī say to him, “That’s quite a lot you’ve got on!” He laughed and said, “I don’t like the cold.” He often wore a cap without winding a turban around it.

[Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad:] I saw Aḥmad wearing a tightly threaded striped gown258

and a cap with a turban. In the winter he sometimes wore a fur, sometimes a gown, and sometimes both. 48.4

[Muḥammad ibn Mughīrah:] I saw Aḥmad wearing a tunic, trousers, and a mantle259 in the summer. He sometimes wore a tunic with a mantle thrown over it, often wearing the mantle directly over the tunic. 48.5

[Ḥanbal:] I saw Aḥmad wearing a pair of trousers pulled up above the waist, with a tunic on top. 48.6

[Al-Maymūnī:] I saw Aḥmad preside over a gathering of Hadith transmitters and other people while wearing one breechclout around his waist and another draped over his shoulder. I never saw him wear a cowl or shawl,260 or a proper mantle, only a small breechclout that looked six cubits long. I asked his uncle about it and he confirmed that it was six cubits.261 48.7

[Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd:] I saw Aḥmad one summer day wearing a tunic and a breechclout tied around his waist. I never saw him with his sleeves unrolled (when he was out walking, that is). 48.8

[Ibn al-Ashʿath:] I used to see Aḥmad wearing his breechclout loosely draped. 48.9

[Ṣāliḥ:] My father had a cap he had sewed himself. It was lined with cotton. When he got up at night he would put it on. 48.10

[Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn:] I saw one of Aḥmad’s caps. It had one patch of striped cloth and another of Marawī262 white. 48.11

[Ibn Zanjuwayh:] I saw Aḥmad wearing a green gown patched with a piece of white wool. 48.12

[Ḥamdān ibn ʿAlī:] I saw Aḥmad wearing a gown patched in a different color. 48.13

[Al-Marrūdhī:] Aḥmad needed to patch his shirt but didn’t have a patch, so he decided to cut a patch from his breechclout. We cut it for him and sewed on the patch.

More than once, when he needed a scrap of cloth, he cut it from his breechclout. 48.14

Once he asked me to repair some leather shoes he had worn for seventeen years.

From the stitching on the outside I could see that they had already been repaired five or six times already.

[Ibn Maʿbad:] I saw Abū ʿAbd Allāh wearing yellow sandals. 48.15

[Al-Marrūdhī:] I once brought Aḥmad a new pair of leather shoes that had been made for him. He kept them overnight, but in the morning he said: “I’ve been thinking about those shoes”—he may even have said “most of the night”—“and couldn’t sleep, so I’ve decided not to wear them. How much time do I have left, anyway? More than half my life is over.” 48.16

Taking a battered old pair of shoes he had, he said, “Here, slap some patches onto these.” He added, “Do you know how long I’ve had these? More than sixteen years, and they were used when I got them. These here”—meaning the new ones—“were weighing on my mind.” [Al-Muzanī:] I once noticed that Aḥmad wore trousers that ended above the ankle. 48.17

[Al-Marrūdhī:] I saw Aḥmad wearing a murabbaʿ263 outer garment. He often put the end of it under his feet when he prayed. 48.18

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Chapters (109)
  1. 1Foreword
  2. 2Acknowledgments
  3. 3Introduction
  4. 4The Life Of Ibn Hanbal
  5. 5Ibn Hanbal’s Birth And Family Background
  6. 6His Lineage
  7. 7His Childhood
  8. 8The Beginning Of His Search For Knowledge And The Journey He Undertook For That Purpose
  9. 9The Major Men Of Learning Whom He Met And On Whose Authority He Recited Hadith
  10. 10His Deference To His Teachers And His Respect For Learning
  11. 11His Eagerness To Learn And His Single-minded Pursuit Of Knowledge
  12. 12His Powers Of Retention And The Number Of Reports He Knew By Heart
  13. 13His Learning, His Intelligence, And His Religious Understanding
  14. 14Praise Of Him By His Teachers
  15. 15Teachers And Senior Men Of Learning Who Cite Him
  16. 16All The Men Of Learning Who Cite Him
  17. 17Praise Of Him By His Peers, His Contemporaries, And Those Close To Him In Age
  18. 18Praise Of Him By Prominent Successors Who Knew Him Well
  19. 19A Report That The Prophet Elijah Sent Him Greetings
  20. 20Reports That Al-khaḍir Spoke In His Praise
  21. 21Praise Of Him By Pious Strangers And Allies Of God
  22. 22Allies Of God Who Visited Him To Seek His Blessing
  23. 23His Fame
  24. 24His Creed
  25. 25His Insistence On Maintaining The Practices Of The Early Muslims
  26. 26His Reverence For Hadith Transmitters And Adherents Of The Sunnah
  27. 27His Shunning And Reviling Of Innovators And His Forbidding Others To Listen To Them
  28. 28His Seeking Of Blessings And Cures Using The Qurʾan And Water From The Well Of Zamzam, As Well As Some Hair And A Bowl That Belonged To The Prophet
  29. 29His Age When He Began Teaching Hadith And Giving Legal Opinions
  30. 30His Devotion To Learning And The Attitudes That Informed His Teaching
  31. 31His Works
  32. 32His Aversion To Writing Books Containing Opinions Reached Through The Exercise Of Independent Judgment At The Expense Of Transmitted Knowledge
  33. 33His Forbidding Others To Write Down Or Transmit His Words
  34. 34His Remarks On Sincerity, On Acting For The Sake Of Appearances, And On Concealing One’s Pious Austerities
  35. 35His Statements About Renunciation And Spiritual Weakness
  36. 36His Remarks On Different Subjects
  37. 37Poems He Recited Or Had Attributed To Him
  38. 38His Correspondence
  39. 39His Appearance And Bearing
  40. 40His Imposing Presence
  41. 41His Cleanliness And Ritual Purity
  42. 42His Kindness And His Consideration For Others
  43. 43His Forbearance And His Readiness To Forgive
  44. 44His Property And Means Of Subsistence
  45. 45His Refusal To Accept Help Even In Distress
  46. 46His Generosity
  47. 47His Accepting Gifts And Giving Gifts In Return
  48. 48His Renunciation
  49. 49His House And Furniture
  50. 50His Diet
  51. 51His Indulgences
  52. 52His Clothing
  53. 53His Scrupulosity
  54. 54His Shunning Appointment To Positions Of Authority
  55. 55His Love Of Poverty And His Affection For The Poor
  56. 56His Humility
  57. 57His Accepting Invitations And His Withdrawal Upon Seeing Things He Disapproved Of
  58. 58His Preference For Solitude
  59. 59His Wish To Live In Obscurity And His Efforts To Remain Unnoticed
  60. 60His Fear Of God
  61. 61His Preoccupation And Absentmindedness
  62. 62His Devotions
  63. 63His Performances Of The Pilgrimage
  64. 64His Extemporaneous Prayers And Supplications
  65. 65His Manifestations Of Grace And The Effectiveness Of His Prayers
  66. 66The Number Of Wives He Had
  67. 67His Concubines
  68. 68The Number Of His Children
  69. 69The Lives Of His Children And Descendants
  70. 70How And Why The Inquisition Began
  71. 71His Experience With Al-maʾmūn
  72. 72What Happened After The Death Of Al-maʾmūn
  73. 73His Experience With Al-muʿtaṣim
  74. 74His Reception By The Elders After His Release, And Their Prayers For Him
  75. 75His Teaching Of Hadith After The Death Of Al mu ʿtasim
  76. 76His Experience With Al-wathiq
  77. 77His Experience With Al-mutawakkil
  78. 78His Refusing Ibn Tahir’s Request To Visit Him
  79. 79What Happened When His Two Sons And His Uncle Accepted Gifts From The Authorities
  80. 80Some Major Figures Who Capitulated To The Inquisition
  81. 81His Comments On Those Who Capitulated
  82. 82Those Who Defied The Inquisition
  83. 83His Final Illness
  84. 84His Date Of Death And His Age When He Died
  85. 85How His Body Was Washed And Shrouded
  86. 86On Who Sought To Pray Over Him
  87. 87The Number Of People Who Prayed Over Him
  88. 88The Praising Of The Sunnah And The Decrying Of Innovation That Took Place During His Funeral Procession
  89. 89The Crowds That Gathered Around His Grave
  90. 90His Estate
  91. 91Reactions To His Death
  92. 92Reaction To His Death On The Part Of The Jinns
  93. 93On The Condolences Offered To His Family
  94. 94A Selection Of The Verses Spoken In Praise Of Him In Life And In Commemoration Of Him In Death
  95. 95His Dreams
  96. 96Dreams In Which He Appeared To Others
  97. 97Dreams In Which He Was Mentioned
  98. 98The Benefit Of Visiting His Grave
  99. 99The Benefit Of Being Buried Near Him
  100. 100The Punishments That Befall Anyone Who Attacks Him
  101. 101What To Think About Anyone Who Speaks Ill Of Him
  102. 102Why We Chose His Legal School Over The Others
  103. 103On The Excellence Of His Associates And Successors
  104. 104His Most Prominent Associates And Their Successors From His Time To Our Own
  105. 105[colophons]
  106. 106Notes
  107. 107Glossary Of Names And Terms
  108. 108Bibliography
  109. 109Further Reading