15 宪法:一般规则
15 CONSTITUTION: GENERAL RULES
第一条
Article 1.
伊斯兰信仰(’aqeedah)构成国家的根基。在政府的结构、问责机制以及与政府相关的任何其他方面,凡不以信仰为其来源者,均不允许存在。信仰也是国家宪法和沙里亚法规的来源。凡与宪法或法规相关之事,除非源自伊斯兰信仰,否则不允许存在。
The Islamic creed (’aqeedah) constitutes the foundation of the State. Nothing is permitted to exist in the government's structure, accountability, or any other aspect connected with the government, that does not take the creed as its source. The creed is also the source for the State's constitution and shar’ai canons. Nothing connected to the constitution or canons, is permitted to exist unless it emanates from the Islamic ’aqeedah.
第二条
Article 2.
伊斯兰之域(Dar al-Islam)是指在生活事务中施行伊斯兰律法、并由穆斯林维护其安全的实体。 kufr之域(Dar al-Kufr)是指施行kufr的律法、并由非信徒(kuffar)维护其安全的实体。
The domain of Islam (Dar al-Islam) is that entity which applies the rules of Islam in life's affairs and whose security is maintained by Muslims. The domain of disbelief (Dar al-Kufr) is that entity which applies the rules of kufr and whose security is maintained by the kuffar.
第3条
Article 3.
哈里发有权采纳神圣法则(Ahkam Shari'ah),将其制定为宪法和法典。一旦哈里发采纳了某项神圣法则,该法则本身即成为必须颁布并随后执行的神圣法则。每位公民都必须公开和秘密地遵守该被采纳的法则。宪法草案第4条。
The Khaleefah is empowered to adopt divine rules (AHkam Shari’ah) enacted as consitution and canons. Once the Khaleefah has adopted a divine rule, that rule, alone, becomes the divine rule that must be enacted and then implemented. Every citizen must openly and secretly obey that adopted rule. A Draft Constitution Article 4.
哈里发不采纳与礼仪功修(即“ʿibādāt”)相关的天经律例,除非涉及天课(zakāh)和圣战(jihād)。同时,他也不采纳任何与伊斯兰信条相关的思想。
The Khaleefah does not adopt divine rules pertaining to worship, i.e. ‘ibadat, except in connection with alms (zakah) and war (jihad). Also, he does not to adopt any of the thoughts connected with the Islamic creed.
第五条
Article 5.
伊斯兰国的所有公民都有权享有真主所赋予的权利,并须履行相应的义务。
All citizens of the Islamic State are entitled to enjoy the divine rights and duties.
第6条
Article 6.
国家的所有公民,无论宗教、种族、肤色或其他任何方面,都应受到平等对待。国家在一切事务上都禁止在其公民之间进行歧视,无论是治理、司法,还是事务管理。
All citizens of the State shall be treated equally regardless of religion, race, colour or any other matter. The State is forbidden to discriminate among its citizens in all matters, be it ruling or judicial, or caring of affairs.
第七条
Article 7
国家对所有持有伊斯兰国公民身份的人实施神圣的律法,无论他们是穆斯林还是非穆斯林,具体方式如下:
The State implements the divine law on all citizens who hold citizenship of the Islamic State, whether Muslims or not, in the following manner:
a. 神圣的律法应当完整地、无一例外地施行于所有穆斯林;b. 非穆斯林可以遵循自己的信仰与崇拜。
a. The divine law is implemented in its entirety, without exception, on all Muslims; b. Non-Muslims are allowed to follow their own beliefs and worships.
c. 犯有叛教(ridda,即"murtad")罪的人,如果是自己主动背弃伊斯兰教,则应依照叛教的规定处以死刑。如果他们生来就是非穆斯林,即他们是叛教者的儿子,那么他们将依照其身份被视为非穆斯林,即被视为多神教徒(mushriks)或有经人(People of the Book)。
c. Those who are guilty of apostasy (murtad) from Islam are to be executed according to the rule of apostasy, provided they have themselves renounced Islam. If they are born as non-Muslims, i.e., if they are the sons of apostates, then they are treated as non-Muslims according to their status as being either polytheists (mushriks) or People of the Book.
d. 在饮食和穿着方面,非穆斯林依照其宗教被对待,但须在伊斯兰教法(Ahkam Shara'iah)所允许的范围之内。
d. In matters of food and clothing the non-Muslims are treated according to their religions within the limits allowed by AHkam Shara’iah.
e. 非穆斯林之间的婚姻事务,包括离婚,依照他们各自的宗教处理;而非穆斯林与穆斯林之间的婚姻事务,则依照安拉的律法处理。
e. Marital affairs, including divorce, among non-Muslims are settled in accordance with their religions, but between non-Muslims and Muslims they are settled according to the divine law.
f. 其余一切伊斯兰教法事务与律例,例如交易的运用、刑罚与(法庭上的)证据、统治制度以及经济制度,均由国家施行于所有人,无论穆斯林还是非穆斯林。这包括有条约关系的人(muâaahid)、受保护的臣民(ahlu zimmah),以及所有服从伊斯兰权威的人。对这些人的施行,与对国家臣民的施行相同。大使与使节享有外交豁免权。
f. All the remaining Shara'iah matters and rules, such as: the application of transactions, punishments and evidences (at court), the system of ruling and economics are implemented by the State upon everyone, Muslim and non-Muslim alike. This includes the people of treaties (muâaahid), the protected subjects (ahlu zimmah) and all who submit to the authority of Islam. The implementation on these people is the same as the implementation on the subjects of the State. Ambassadors and envoys enjoy diplomatic immunity.
第八条
Article 8.
阿拉伯语是伊斯兰教的语言,也是国家唯一的官方语言。
The Arabic is the language of Islam and the sole language of the State.
第9条
Article 9.
ijtihad(为推导伊斯兰教法规而进行的个人努力)是法尔德·基法耶(集体义务)。任何穆斯林,只要具备了进行ijtihad所需的条件,都有权进行ijtihad。
Ijtihad (personal exertion to derive the Islamic rule) is fard kifayah (a collective duty). Every Muslim has the right to exercise ijtihad if he has acquired the necessary conditions to perform it.
第十条
Article 10.
在伊斯兰教中并不存在神职人员这一说法,因为所有穆斯林都共同承担伊斯兰教的责任。国家将阻止任何表明穆斯林中存在神职人员的做法。
There is no such thing as a clergy in Islam as all Muslims bear the responsibility for Islam. The State will prevent anything that signifies the existence of a clergy among Muslims.
第11条
Article 11.
国家的首要职能是传播伊斯兰的召唤(da'wah)。
The primary function of the State is the propagation of the invitation (dâwah) to Islam.
第十二条
Article 12.
第13条:伊斯兰教法(Ahkam Shara'iah)的律例,唯一可以作为依据的证据是:《古兰经》、圣训(Sunnah)、圣门弟子的共识(ijmaa as-sahabah)以及类比推理(qiyas)。除这些证据之外,不得从任何其他来源推导立法。
The only evidences to be considered for the divine rules (AHkam Shara’iah) are: the Qur'an, the Sunnah, the consensus of the Companions (ijmaâ as-sahabah) and analogy (qiyas). Legislation cannot be taken from any source other than these evidences. Article 13.
每个人在被证明有罪之前都是无辜的。未经法庭判决,任何人都不得受到惩罚。严禁酷刑,凡对任何人施加酷刑者,都应受到惩处。
Every individual is innocent until proven guilty. No person shall be punished without a court sentence. Torturing is absolutely forbidden and whoever inflicts torture on anyone shall be punished.
第14条
Article 14.
一切人类行为在本源上都受神圣律法(Ahkam Shari'ah)的约束,在未知其裁定(hukm)之前,不得擅自施行。除非有禁止的证据,否则每一事物或物体都是被允许的,即合法(halal)的。
All human actions are, in origin, restricted by the divine rules (AHkam Shari’ah), and no action shall be undertaken until its rule (hukm) is known. Every thing or object is permitted, i.e., halal, unless there is an evidence of prohibition.
第十五条
Article 15.
任何很可能导致禁令(haram)的途径本身也是haram的。但如果只是担心它会导致禁令,那么它本身并不是haram的。
Any means that most likely leads to a prohibition (haram) is itself haram. However if it is (only) feared to lead (to a prohibition) it would not be haram.