26 宪法:社会制度
26 Constitution: THE SOCIAL SYSTEM
第108条
Article 108.
女性的主要角色是母亲和妻子。她是一种必须加以守护的荣誉。
The primary role of a woman is that of a mother and wife. She is an honor that must be protected.
第一百零九条
Article 109.
男女原则上应当分开,除非出于伊斯兰教法所允许的需要,并且教法允许为此而相会,例如贸易和朝觐(Hajj)。
Men and women are basically to be segregated from each other, and they should not meet together except for a need that the shar’a allows it and allows the meeting for its sake, such as trading and pilgrimage (Hajj).
第110条
Article 110.
女性与男性拥有同样的权利和义务,但经沙里尔(Shar'ai)证据specifically规定为男性或女性的除外。因此,她有权从事商业、农业和工业;有权参与合同与交易;有权拥有各种形式的财产;有权自行(或由他人代为)投资其资金;并有权自己处理生活中的一切事务。
Women have the same rights and obligations as men, except for those specified by the shar’ai evidences to be for him or her. Thus, she has the right to practice in trading, farming, and industry; to partake in contracts and transactions; to possess all form of property; to invest her funds by herself (or by others); and to conduct all of life's affairs by herself.
第111条
Article 111.
妇女可以参与哈里发的选举和效忠宣誓(拜亚),可以投票选举,也可以担任乌玛议会(Majlis al-Ummah)的成员,并可以被任命为国家的非统治职位官员。
A woman can participate in the election and giving of the bai’ah to the Khaleefah, and elect, and also be a member of the Majlis al-Ummah, and can be appointed as an official of the State in a non-ruling position.
第112条
Article 112.
妇女不得主持统治事务,因此妇女不能担任哈里发、穆阿维尼(副手)、瓦利(省长)、阿米勒(地方官员),也不能从事任何统治性的行政工作。她不得担任首席法官,不得担任申冤法庭(Mahkamat ul-MuDHalim)的法官,也不得担任圣战的指挥官(Amir of Jihad)。
Women are not allowed to take charge of ruling, thus women cannot hold the positions of Khaleefah mu’awin, wali, ‘aamil, nor to practice any of the actions of ruling. She is not allowed to be a chief judge, a judge in mahkamat ul-MuDHalim nor amir of Jihad.
第113条
Article 113.
女性的生活分为公共生活与私人生活。在公共生活中,她可以与其他女性、mahram男性(即与她禁止结婚的男性)以及外国男性(即她可以与之结婚的男性)共处,但前提是她身体的任何部分都不暴露在外,face和双手除外,并且衣着不得暴露,也不得展示其魅力。在私人生活中,她只能与女性或她的mahram男性共处;她不得与外国男性共处。无论在哪种情况下,她都必须遵守伊斯兰教法(shar'a)的规定,约束自己。
Women live within a public and private life. Within their public life, they are allowed to live with other women, maharam males [males forbidden to them in marriage] and foreign men (whom they can marry) on condition that nothing of the women's body is revealed, apart from her face and hands, and that the clothing is not revealing nor her charms displayed. Within the private life she is not allowed to live except with women or her mahram males;and she is not allowed to live together with the foreign men. In both cases she has to restrict herself with the rules of shar’a.
第114条
Article 114.
妇女不得与任何可以与其结婚的男子独处(khulwah),也不得在外国男子面前展示其魅力或暴露身体。
Women are forbidden to be in private (khulwah) with any men they can marry, they are also forbidden to display their charms or to reveal their body in front of foreign men.
第115条
Article 115.
男性和女性都不得从事任何对道德构成危害或导致社会败坏的工作。
Men and women must not practice any work that poses danger to the morals or causes corruption in society.
第116条
Article 116.
婚姻生活是一种宁静与相伴的生活。丈夫对妻子所负的责任(قوامة,即“盖瓦马”)是照顾与护持,而非统治。妻子有义务顺从丈夫,丈夫则有义务按照合宜的生活标准负担妻子的生活费用。
Marital life is one of tranquility and companionship. The responsibility of the husband on behalf of his wife (quwamah) is one of taking care, and not ruling. She is obliged to obey her husband and he is obliged to meet the costs of her livelihood according to the seemly standard of living.
第117条
Article 117.
夫妻双方必须全力互相协助料理家务:丈夫承担通常在家外进行的事务,妻子则尽其所能承担通常在家内进行的事务。丈夫应根据需要提供家务帮手,协助妻子完成她自己无法承担的家务。
The married couple must fully assist each other in performing the household duties, with the husband performing all the actions normally undertaken outside of the house, and the woman performing those actions normally undertaken inside the house as best as she can. The husband should provide home-help as required to assist with the household tasks she cannot manage herself.
第118条
Article 118.
子女的监护权既是母亲的权利,也是她的义务,无论她是否为穆斯林,只要孩子仍需要这种照料。当孩子,无论女孩还是男孩,不再需要照料时,他们可以选择与自己希望同住的一方父母生活,无论孩子是男性还是女性。如果父母中只有一方是穆斯林,孩子就没有选择的余地,必须跟随穆斯林的一方父母。
The custody of children is both a right and duty of the mother, whether Muslim or not, so long as the child is in need of this care. When children, girls or boys, are no longer in need of care, they are to choose which parent they wish to live with, whether the child is male or female. If only one of the parents is Muslim, there is no choice for the child is to join the Muslim parent.