6 伊斯兰宣教(Da‘wah)的正确方法
6 The Way to Carry the Islamic Da’wah
穆斯林落后于世界,并非因为他们坚守伊斯兰。恰恰相反,他们的衰退始于他们放弃了对伊斯兰的坚守,并允许异域文化进入其土地、西方观念占据其头脑的那一天。当他们放弃伊斯兰的思想领导地位、忽视其da'wah(宣教),并误用其律例(aHkam)时,他们便开始衰落。因此,穆斯林若想实现复兴(naHDah),就必须恢复伊斯兰的生活方式。然而,除非他们通过承载伊斯兰的da'wah来承担伊斯兰的思想领导地位,并借由这一da'wah建立一个伊斯兰国家,否则他们无法恢复伊斯兰的生活方式;而这一伊斯兰国家又将通过承载伊斯兰的呼吁来承担伊斯兰的思想领导地位。
The Muslims did not lag behind the world due to their adherence to Islam. On the contrary, their regression commenced the day they abandoned this adherence to Islam and they allowed the foreign culture to enter their lands and the Western concepts to occupy their minds. They declined when they abandoned the intellectual leadership of Islam, neglected its da’wah and misapplied its rules (aHkam). Therefore, the Muslims must resume the Islamic way of life if they want the revival (naHDah) to occur. However, they will not be able to resume the Islamic way of life unless they carry the Islamic da’wah by carrying the intellectual leadership of Islam, and establish, by this da’wah an Islamic State which in turn will carry the intellectual leadership of Islam by carrying the Islamic call.
需要指出的是,承担思想领导的责任、通过伊斯兰的宣教(da'wah)来复兴穆斯林,是因为唯有伊斯兰能够改造世界;无论对穆斯林还是对其他人而言,离开伊斯兰,真正的复兴都无法实现。正是基于这一点,宣教工作才应当展开。
It should be noted that carrying the intellectual leadership by carrying the Islamic da’wah in order to revive the Muslims is undertaken because Islam alone can reform the world, and the true revival cannot be achieved without Islam, whether for the Muslims or others. It is on this basis that the da’wah should be carried out.
伊斯兰的召唤(da'wah)必须以一种思想领导的方式传向世界,各种制度皆由此而生;所有思想都建立在这种领导之上,而一切影响人们人生观的观念,也都从这些思想中产生,毫无例外。 伊斯兰宣教的方式(Tareeqat Hamled Da'wah)
The da’wah must be carried to the world as an intellectual leadership from which all systems emanate, and upon this leadership all thoughts are built, and from such thoughts emanate all the concepts that influence one's viewpoint in life, without exception. The Way to Carry the Islamic Da'wah (Tareeqat Hamled Da'wah)
今天的伊斯兰宣教(da‘wah)应当像过去那样进行,并且应当遵循先知(愿主福安之)的榜样,在其总体和细节上丝毫不偏离该方法。不应顾及时代的差异,因为这种差异仅仅涉及手段和形式而已。然而,生活的本质与实质并未、也不会因岁月流逝、人民与地域的变迁而改变。
The da’wah should be carried today as it was delivered in the past and should proceed in compliance with the example of the Messenger (saw) , without the slightest deviation from that method in its general and specific details. No regard should be given to the difference in time, for this difference amounts to nothing more than the means and forms. However, the essence and the reality of life has not and will not change, regardless of the passing of ages and changing of peoples and places.
因此,承担伊斯兰呼唤(da’wah)需要坦诚、勇气、力量与深思,并需要挑战一切与伊斯兰的fikrah(理念)和tareeqah(方法)相抵触的事物,直面它并揭露其虚妄,不论处境如何,也不论其后果怎样。
Thus, carrying the da’wah demands frankness, courage, strength, thought and to challenge all that contradicts the fikrah and tareeqah (idea and method) of Islam by facing it and exposing its falsehood, irrespective of the situation and its consequences.
承担伊斯兰宣教(da'wah)的使命,就必然要求最高主权(siyadah)属于伊斯兰的意识形态,无论它是否与大众的意见一致,无论大众接受还是拒绝、反对它,也无论它是否符合民众的习俗。
Carrying the Islamic da’wah necessitates that the ultimate sovereignty (siyadah) belongs to the Islamic ideology, regardless of whether it agrees or disagrees with the masses and whether they accept it or reject it and oppose it, or whether it is in accordance with the people's customs or not.
负载伊斯兰召唤的人(hameled da'wah)不奉承民众,不对统治者讨好谄媚,也不迎合民众的习俗和传统,更不在意民众是否接受他。相反,他必须坚守这一思想体系,并且唯独表达它,除了该思想体系本身之外,不顾及任何其他事物。不允许告诉其他思想体系的追随者去坚守他们自己的思想体系。相反,应当在不强迫的前提下邀请他们接受(伊斯兰的)思想体系,因为召唤要求伊斯兰之外不得并存其他思想体系,主权应唯独归于伊斯兰。
The da’wah carrier (hameled da’wah) does not flatter the people, is not courteous to the authorities or cares for the people's customs and traditions, and does not give any attention to whether the people will accept him or not. Rather he must adhere to the ideology alone and solely express it paying no regard to anything except the ideology. It is not allowed to tell the followers of other ideologies to adhere to their ideologies. Instead, they are invited without compulsion to embrace the ideology (of Islam) because the da’wah requires that there be no other ideology alongside Islam and that the sovereignty be for Islam alone.
祂就是派遣了祂的使者,携带正道与真理之教(Haqq),使其凌驾于一切其他宗教之上,即便多神崇拜者心生厌恶。ﷺ [At-Tubah: 33]
"It is He who has sent His Messenger (saw) with the guidance and deen of Haqq, to prevail over all other religions even though the idolaters may abhor it." [At-Tubah: 33]
使者带着他的使命来到这个世界,并公开向全世界提出挑战。他ﷺ相信自己所邀请人们去信奉的真理,并向所有人宣战,即"红人和黑人",也就是每一个人,不论其传统、习俗、宗教、教义、统治者还是民众。除了伊斯兰的使命,他ﷺ不顾及其他任何事物。他ﷺ从否定古莱氏人的虚假神灵开始传播宣教。他ﷺ在他们的教义上向他们提出挑战,在他孤身一人、孤立无援、没有帮手也没有武器的情况下否定了这些神灵,他所依靠的只有他对所邀请之伊斯兰的坚定不移、根深蒂固的信念。他ﷺ不在意阿拉伯人的习俗、传统、宗教或教义。在这一点上,他ﷺ并不客气,也没有对他们给予任何尊重。
The Messenger (saw) came to this world with his Message and openly challenged the whole world. He (saw) believed in the Truth he (saw) was inviting the people to and declared war against the red and black (people) i.e. everyone, irrespective of their traditions, customs, religions, doctrines, rulers and masses. He (saw) paid no attention to anything other than the message of Islam. He commenced the da’wah by discrediting the false deities of Quraysh. He (saw) challenged them in their doctrines, discredited them while he was alone, isolated, with no helper and no weapon except his unshakeable and deeply rooted conviction in Islam to which he was inviting. He (saw) did not care for the Arab customs, traditions, religions, or doctrines. In this respect, he (saw) was not courteous nor gave them any regard.
同样,da'wah的承载者必须挑战一切。这包括挑战错误的习俗、传统、谬误的思想与观念,以及错误的公众舆论——即使他必须为此与之抗争。他必须挑战各种教义与宗教,尽管他可能会遭遇其信徒的狂热,以及那些固守其歪曲之说者的敌意。
Similarly, the da’wah carrier has to challenge everything. This includes challenging the customs, traditions, erroneous thoughts and concepts, the public opinion when it is wrong even if he has to struggle against it. He has to challenge the doctrines and religions despite the fact that he might be exposed to the fanaticism of their followers and the hostility of those who stick to their distortions.
在传播伊斯兰呼吁(da’wah)时,必须关注伊斯兰教法的完整落实,丝毫不作让步。承载者不接受任何停战或妥协,也不接受疏忽或拖延。相反,他要把问题作为一个整体来对待,并立即予以彻底解决。他不接受任何会阻碍真理的说情或调解。 先知穆罕默德ﷺ没有接受塞给夫使团的请求:允许他们保留其偶像拉特(Allat)三年,然后再予以拆除;他也没有因此免除他们的拜功,作为皈依伊斯兰的前提条件。他同样拒绝了他们提出的留下拉特两年或一个月的要求。他坚决、果断地拒绝了这一请求,毫不犹豫,也毫不宽容。这是因为人必须要么信,要么不信,归根结底,结果不是天堂就是火狱。 然而,先知ﷺ确实接受了他们的另一个请求,即不让他们亲手拆除自己的偶像。于是他让艾卜·苏福扬和穆吉赖赫·本·舒อ巴(al-Mughirah ibn Shu'abah)去拆除它。他绝不接受任何低于完整的“阿吉目代”(‘aqeedah)及其所要求之落实的东西。至于实施这一落实的方式和手段,先知ﷺ予以接受,因为它们与伊斯兰“阿吉目代”的本质无关。 因此,在传播伊斯兰呼吁时必须谨慎,既要保持理念的完整,也要保持其落实的完整,在“菲克拉”(fikrah)和“泰勒噶”(Tareeqah)上不作任何妥协。只要需要,使用任何“瓦塞尔”(wasa'il,手段)都无妨。
Delivering the da’wah requires a concern for the complete implementation of the rules of Islam without the slightest concession. The carrier does not accept any truce nor concession, negligence or postponement. Instead, he maintains the matter as a whole and definitively settles it immediately. He does not accept any intercession which would obstruct the truth. Rasool Allah did not accept the request of Thaqif's delegation to be allowed to retain their idol, Allat, for three years before it was demolished, neither did he exempt them from prayer, as pre-conditions for embracing Islam. He refused also to leave Allat for two years or for one month as they had demanded. He refused this request firmly, and decisively, without any hesitation or leniency. This is simply because man has to either believe or not, after all, the result is either Paradise or Hell. However, Rasool Allah did accept their request not to have them demolish their idol by their hands. Instead, he asked Abu Sufyan and al- Mughirairah ibn Shu'abah to demolish it. He definitely did not accept anything less than the complete ‘aqeedah and what it requires of implementation. As for the means and forms of carrying this implementation, the Rasool of Allah accepted them because they are not connected with the nature of the Islamic ‘aqeedah. Therefore, care must be taken in delivering the Islamic da’wah to preserve the completeness of the idea and the completeness of its implementation without any compromise in the fikrah and Tareeqah. There is no harm in using any wasa'il (means) it demands.
承担伊斯兰宣教(da’wah)的使命,就必须让它的每一项行动都为一个明确的目标而进行。宣教者应始终清楚这一目标,并为实现它而努力,不懈地付出,直至达成。因此,宣教者不会满足于只有思想而没有行动,他会认为这种思想是一种令人迷醉、虚无缥缈的哲学。同样,他也不会满足于既无目标、又只有思想和行动的状态,他会认为这是一种打转的运动,最终只会导致消沉与绝望。相反,宣教者必须坚持将思想与行动相连,并使二者结合,为一个明确的目标而努力,使这一目标以切实可行的方式得以实现并成为现实。
Carrying the Islamic da’wah necessitates that every one of its actions be undertaken for a specific objective. The carrier should always be aware of this aim and work towards achieving it, exerting himself relentlessly to fulfil it. Therefore, the carrier would not be satisfied by thought without action and would deem it to be a hypnotic and fanciful philosophy. Likewise, he would not be satisfied by thought and action devoid of any objective, considering this to be a spiral motion which ultimately ends in apathy and despair. Instead, the da’wah carrier has to insist upon connecting the thought with action and uniting the two in working for a specific objective which will be fulfilled in a practical manner and be brought into existence.
拉苏尔·安拉(愿安拉赐福他并使他平安)在麦加承担着伊斯兰的思想领导责任。当他认识到那里的社会不会把伊斯兰确立为社会制度时,便开始为麦地那的社会做准备。在麦地那,他建立了国家,从而实施了伊斯兰,传达了伊斯兰的讯息,并使乌玛做好准备,在他之后传达这一讯息,并按照他所开辟的道路继续前行。因此,在没有哈里发的情况下承担伊斯兰的宣教,应当包括呼吁伊斯兰,以及恢复伊斯兰的生活方式,为此而努力建立实施伊斯兰并将其讯息传向世界的伊斯兰国。由此,宣教便从乌玛内部呼吁恢复伊斯兰生活方式的宣教,转变为由伊斯兰国进行的面向世界的呼吁;也从伊斯兰世界内部的地方性宣教,转变为普遍性的宣教。
Rasool Allah (saw) carried the intellectual leadership of Islam in Makkah. When he realised that the society there would not make Islam the system of society, he began preparing the society of Madinah. In Madinah, he established the State, thereby implemented Islam, carried its message, and prepared the Ummah to convey it after him and to proceed in the same way he had traced. Therefore, carrying the Islamic da’wah in the situation where there is no Khaleefah, should include the call for Islam and the resumption of the Islamic way of life by working to establish the Islamic State which implements Islam and carries its message to the world. Thus, the da’wah is transferred then from a call within the ummah to resume the Islamic way of life to a call to the world carried out by the Islamic State, and from a local da’wah within the Islamic world to a universal da’wah.
伊斯兰的召唤应当明确包括纠正流行的错误教义、加强与安拉(SWT)的联系,并为人们的问题提供解决方案,使达瓦在生活的各个领域都充满生机。先知(ﷺ)曾为麦加人诵读以下经文:
The call to Islam should clearly include correcting the prevalent doctrines, strengthening the relationship with Allah (swt), and it should provide solutions for the problems of the people, so that the da’wah becomes vivid in all fields of life. The Prophet (saw) would recite to the people of Makkah the following verses:
愿阿布·莱海卜的双手毁灭。 [Al-Masad: 1]
"Perish the hands of Abu Lahab." [Al-Masad: 1]
这确实是一位尊贵的使者(愿主福安之)所传之言。这不是诗人的话语。你们却很少相信。 Wait, correction: the rules require ﷺ instead of "(saw)" and no written honorific. Corrected: 这确实是一位尊贵的使者ﷺ所传之言。这不是诗人的话语。你们却很少相信。 [Al-Haqqah: 40-41]
"This is verily the word of an honourable Messenger (saw). It is not the words of a poet. Little it is that you believe." [Al-Haqqah: 40-41]
“相互欺骗的人有祸了。他们向人收取时要求足量,而向人支付时却克扣分量。” [Al- Mutaffifin: 1-3]
"Woe to those who deal in fraud, those who when they have to receive by measure from men, exact full measure, but when they have to give by measure or weight to men, give less than due." [Al- Mutaffifin: 1-3]
"对于信道并行善的人,将有下临诸河的乐园,那是伟大的成功(一切愿望的实现)。"[布鲁季:11] 他在麦地那诵读道:
"For those who believe and do righteous deeds will be gardens beneath which rivers flow; that is the great salvation (the fulfilment of all desires)." [Al-Buruj: 11] In Madinah, he recited:
"建立礼拜,并奉行定期施舍。" [Al-Baqarah: 43]
"Establish prayer and practice regular charity." [Al-Baqarah: 43]
他也诵读了:
He also recited:
"你们应当轻装或重装地出征,并以你们的财产和生命在安拉的大道上奋斗。"[忏悔章:41] 他会诵读:
"Go forth (whether equipped) lightly or heavily, and strive and struggle with your property and yourselves in the cause of Allah." [At-Tauba: 41] And he would recite:
"信道的人们啊!当你们彼此以一定期限进行债务交易时,你们应当把它记录下来。" [Al-Baqarah: 282]
"O you who believe, when you deal with each other in a debt for a fixed period of time, reduce it to writing." [Al-Baqarah: 282]
"这样,它就不会只在你们中间的富人之间流转。" [Al-Hashr: 7]
"In order that it does not become (merely) a circuit between the wealthy among you." [Al-Hashr: 7]
不相等的是火狱的同伴与乐园的同伴。乐园的同伴才是成功者。 [Al-Hashr: 20]
"Not equal are the Companions of the Fire and the Companions of the Garden. The Companions of the Garden are the victorious." [Al-Hashr: 20]
因此,伊斯兰宣教(da’wah)应当向民众阐明一套制度,使他们借此解决日常生活中的问题。这是因为伊斯兰宣教取得成功的秘诀在于:它鲜明生动,并以全面的方式面向人类,把人作为一个完整的人来对待,从而在他身上带来全面而根本的改变。
Accordingly, the Islamic da’wah should carry to the people the system by which they are to solve their daily life's problems. This is because the secret to the success of the Islamic da’wah is that it is vivid and addresses man in a comprehensive manner as a human being, thereby bringing about a comprehensive and radical change in him.
要使宣教者承担起责任并有效地履行其职责,他们就必须在自己内心扎根对完善与圆满的追求。他们应当不断探求真理,持续审视自己所知的一切,以便净化对各类问题的理解,使其不受任何外来思想的污染,并除去那些在含义上与之相近、可能附着其上的东西。这样,他们所承载的理念才能保持纯净和清晰。思想的纯净与清晰,是伊斯兰取得成功并使这一成功得以延续的唯一保障。
It is impossible for the da’wah carriers to carry out the responsibility and to effectively discharge their duties unless they rooted within themselves the motivation towards perfection and completeness. They should constantly search for the truth, continuously scrutinize all that they know in order to purify their understandings (of issues) from any alien thoughts, and remove away from these understandings anything close to them (in meaning) that might possibly stick to them. This will keep the idea they carry, pure and clear. The purity and clarity of the thoughts is the only guarantee for Islam's success and the continuity of this success.
da'wah的承载者必须将这一责任视为来自安拉(SWT)的义务来承担。他们应当满怀热忱和喜悦地投身其中,期盼获得安拉(SWT)的喜悦。他们不应为自己的工作寻求任何世俗的报酬,也不应期待人们的赞扬。他们除了追求安拉(SWT)的喜悦之外,不应有任何其他目的。
The da’wah carriers have to carry this duty as an obligation from Allah (swt). They have to embark upon it enthusiastically and delightedly expecting the pleasure of Allah (swt). They must not seek for their work any worldly reward or expect praises from people. They must acknowledge nothing except the pursuit of the pleasure of Allah (swt).