21 宪法:军队
21 Constitution: THE ARMY
第56条。
Article 56.
圣战(吉哈德)是所有穆斯林的义务(فرض عين,法尔德·艾因)。因此,军事训练也是义务。所以,每一位十五岁及以上的男性穆斯林,都有义务接受军事训练,以备圣战之需。然而,征兵则是集体义务(فرض كفاية,法尔德·基法亚)。
Jihad is a compulsory duty (farD) on all Muslims. Military training is therefore compulsory. Thus, every male Muslim, fifteen years and over, is obliged to undergo military training in readiness for jihad. Conscription, however, is farD kifayah.
第57条
Article 57.
军队分为两部分:常备军,他们作为国家雇员,从国库领取薪饷;以及后备军,即所有有能力作战的穆斯林。
The army is divided into two parts: the regulars, who are paid salaries from the State's budget as employees, and the reserves, who comprise all the Muslims capable of fighting.
第58条
Article 58.
军队是一支力量,即从中挑选出某些部队,以特定方式加以组织,并赋予特定文化的军事力量;这些被称为警察(shurTah)。
The military forces are one force which is the army from which certain divisions are selected and organised in a particular way and provided with a certain culture, these are called police (shurTah).
第五十九条
Article 59.
警察被授权维护公共秩序、监督内部安全,并履行所有执行职责。
The police are authorised to protect public order, supervise internal security and to perform all execution duties.
第60条。
Article 60.
军队拥有旗帜和军旗;哈里发将旗帜交给他任命为军队指挥官的人,而军旗则由旅长们引领。
The army possesses flags and banners; the Khaleefah gives the flag to whomever he appoints as a leader of the army, the banners are introduced by the brigadiers.
第61条
Article 61.
哈里发是军队的领袖,他任命总司令、每个旅的将军以及每个师的指挥官。旅长和指挥官任命军队中的其余军衔。总参谋部成员根据其军事素养任命,并由总参谋长任命。
The Khaleefah is the leader of the army, he appoints the commander-in-chief, a general for each brigade and a commander for each division. The Brigadiers and commanders appoint the remaining ranks of the army. Members of the general staff are appointed according to their military culture, and are appointed by the general chief of staff.
第62条
Article 62.
军队由一支驻扎在特定营地的部队组成。其中一些营地必须设在不同的省份(wilayat)和战略要地,另一些则必须始终保持机动的作战力量。这些营地被编为众多的集团,每个集团都以编号为名,例如第一军、第三军,或以省(wilayah)或区(imalah)的名称来命名。
The army comprises one army located in specific camps. Some of these camps must be located in different provinces (wilayat) and strategic locations, and some must remain permanently mobile fighting forces. The camps are organised in numerous groups, each one of which is given a number as a name, such as the first army, the third army or can be named after a province (wilayah) or district (imalah).
第63条
Article 63.
有必要为军队提供尽可能高的军事教育,并尽可能提高其知识水平,同时为军队中的每一位成员提供伊斯兰文化,使他能够对伊斯兰有一个全面的认识。
It is necessary to provide the army with the highest possible level of military education and to elevate its intellectual level as far as possible, and to provide every member in the army with the Islamic culture that enables him to have a general awareness of Islam.
第六十四条
Article 64.
每个营地都应当配备足够数量的总参谋部军官,他们须在制定作战计划和指挥战斗方面具备最高水平的军事知识与经验。整支军队也应尽可能多地配备总参谋部军官。
Each camp should have a sufficient number of officers of the general staff who have attained the highest level of military knowledge and experience in devising plans and directing battles. The army, as a whole, should have as many officers of the general staff as possible.
第65条。
Article 65.
有必要为军队提供所需的全部军备、补给和装备,使其能够履行其作为伊斯兰军队的职责。
It is necessary to provide the army with all the required armaments, supplies and equipment so as to fulfill its task as an Islamic army.