Glossaire
Glossary
Amnioblaste : une cellule dérivée de l'ectoderme qui forme la paroi de la cavité amniotique, c'est-à-dire l'amnios.
Amnioblast: a cell derived from the ectoderm which forms the wall of the amniotic cavity, i.e. the amnion.
Cavité amniotique : la cavité entourée par l'amnios, remplie de liquide amniotique, entourant le fœtus.
Amniotic cavity: the cavity surrounded by the amnion, filled with amniotic fluid, surrounding the foetus.
Blastocyste : la sphère creuse de cellules dérivée de la morula, composée de la masse cellulaire interne et du trophoblaste externe.
Blastocyst: the hollow sphere of cells derived from the morula consisting of the inner cell mass and outer trophoblast.
Plaque cartilagineuse : la plaque de croissance dans un os long en développement.
Cartiliginous plate: the growth plate in a developing long bone.
Chorion : la membrane qui entoure le fœtus, composée du trophoblaste et du mésoderme extra-embryonnaire.
Chorion: the membrane that surrounds the foetus, consisting of trophoblast and extra-embryonic mesoderm.
Villosités choriales : les protubérances en forme de doigts du chorion et du trophoblaste qui contiennent des vaisseaux sanguins et sont entourées par le sang maternel dans les espaces intervillositaires.
Chorionic villi: the finger like protrusions of chorion and trophoblast which contain blood vessels, and are surrounded by maternal blood in the intervillous spaces.
Cytotrophoblaste : la partie cellulaire du trophoblaste, par opposition au syncytiotrophoblaste.
Cytotrophoblast: the cellular part of the trophoblast, as distinguished from the syncytiotrophoblast.
Ectoderme : la couche externe de cellules germinales qui donne naissance à l'épiderme de la peau, au système nerveux et aux organes des sens.
Ectoderm: the outer germ cell layer that gives rise to the epidermis of the skin, the nervous system and sense organs.
Endoderme : la couche interne de cellules germinales à partir de laquelle dérivent le revêtement du tube digestif et ses structures glandulaires associées.
Endoderm: the inner germ cell layer from which the lining of the gut tube and its associated glandular structures are derived.
Endomètre : la muqueuse interne de l'utérus dans laquelle l'implantation se produit.
Endometrium: the inner lining of the uterus in which implantation occurs.
Coelome extra-embryonnaire : l'espace entre les couches du mésoderme extra-embryonnaire ; également connu sous le nom de chorion 60. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 75
Extra-embryonic coelom: the space between the layers of the extra-embryonic mesoderm; also known as the chorionic 60. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 75
61. Hans Wehr, page 912
61. Hans Wehr, page 912
62. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 411
62. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 411
63.Ibid, Volume 5, page 2134
63.Ibid, Volume 5, page 2134
64.http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=94 consulté le 8 septembre 2011, 23:07
64.http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=94 retrieved 8 September 2011, 23:07
65. Muhammad Mohar Ali. A Word for Word Meaning of the Qur’an. Volume II. JIMAS. 2003, page 1044
65. Muhammad Mohar Ali. A Word for Word Meaning of the Qur’an. Volume II. JIMAS. 2003, page 1044
66. Ibid 67. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2ème Édition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 6.
66. Ibid 67. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 6.
68. Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects. 7ème édition. Saunders. 2008, page 50
68. Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects. 7th Edition. Saunders. 2008, page 50
69. Corpus Medicorum Graecorum : Galeni de Semine (Galen : On Semen) (texte grec avec traduction anglaise de Phillip de Lacy, Akademic Verlag, 1992) section I:9:1-10, pp. 92-95
69. Corpus Medicorum Graecorum: Galeni de Semine (Galen: On Semen) (Greek text with English trans. Phillip de Lacy, Akademic Verlag, 1992) section I:9:1-10, pp. 92-95
70. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 2087.
70. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 2087.
71. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 20.
71. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 20.
72. Ibid, page 23
72. Ibid, page 23
73. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2ème édition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
73. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
74. Voir ici http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran/023.qmt.html. Consulté le 8 août 2011, 09:48.
74. See here http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran/023.qmt.html. Retrieved 8 August 2011, 09:48.
75. The Koran: Interpreted. Arthur J Arberry. Oxford University Press. 1998, page 343.
75. The Koran: Interpreted. Arthur J Arberry. Oxford University Press. 1998, page 343.
76. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2ème Édition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page23
76. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page23
77. Ibid 78. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2ème édition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
77. Ibid 78. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
79. Hans Wehr, page 823
79. Hans Wehr, page 823
80. Ibid, page 861
80. Ibid, page 861
81. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 7, page 2492
81. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 7, page 2492
82. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 24.
82. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 24.
83. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2ème édition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
83. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
84. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4th Edition. Mosby. 2008, Page 333 85. Aristotle. On the Parts of Animals. Translated by William Ogle. New York: Garland Pub. 1987, page 40
84. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4th Edition. Mosby. 2008, Page 333 85. Aristotle. On the Parts of Animals. Translated by William Ogle. New York: Garland Pub. 1987, page 40
86. Aristotle. Generation of Animals. Traduit par A. L. Peck. Heinemann. Édition de 1942.
86. Aristotle. Generation of Animals. Translated by A. L. Peck. Heinemann. 1942 edition.
87. Ibid 88. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2ème édition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
87. Ibid 88. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
89. Ibid 90. Bruce M Carlson. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4ème édition. Mosby. 2008, page 224 91. Hans Wehr, page 258
89. Ibid 90. Bruce M Carlson. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4th Edition. Mosby. 2008, page 224 91. Hans Wehr, page 258
92. Ibid, page 8
92. Ibid, page 8
93. Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, exégèse (Tafsir) al-Kabir 94. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2ème édition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 1
93. Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Tafsir al-Kabir 94. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 1
95. M. Z. Siddiqi. Studies in Arabic and Persian Medical Literature. Calcutta University. 1959, pages 6 - 7
95. M. Z. Siddiqi. Studies in Arabic and Persian Medical Literature. Calcutta University. 1959, page 6 - 7
96. H. Bailey (éd.). Cambridge History of Iran, vol 4. Cambridge University Press 1975 pages 414
96. H. Bailey (ed). Cambridge History of Iran, vol 4. Cambridge University Press 1975 pages 414
97. A. A. Khairallah. Outline of Arabic Contributions to Medicine. American Press, Beirut. 1946, page 22
97. A. A. Khairallah. Outline of Arabic Contributions to Medicine. American Press, Beirut. 1946, page 22
98. Martin Lings. Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources. 2ème édition révisée. The Islamic Texts Society. 1983, page 34
98. Martin Lings. Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources. 2nd Revised Edition. The Islamic Texts Society. 1983, page 34
99. Ibid, page 52
99. Ibid, page 52
100. Ibid, pages 53 - 79
100. Ibid, pages 53 - 79
101. W. Montgomery Watt. Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford. 1953, page 52
101. W. Montgomery Watt. Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford. 1953, page 52
102. David C. Lindberg. The Beginnings of Western Science. University Of Chicago Press. 1992, pages, 164-165
102. David C. Lindberg. The Beginnings of Western Science. University Of Chicago Press. 1992, pages, 164-165
103. Roy Porter. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. Fontana Press. 1999, page 94.
103. Roy Porter. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. Fontana Press.1999, page,94.
104. M. Ullman. Die Medizin im Islam. Leiden ad Cologne. 1970, pages 19-20 ; F. Rosenthal, apud sa traduction d'Ibn Muqaddima, II, 373.
104. M. Ullman. Die Medizin im Islam. Leiden ad Cologne. 1970, pages 19-20; F. Rosenthal, apud his translation of Ibn Muqaddima, II, 373.
105. The Islamic World: From Classic to Modern Times. Édité par C. E. Bosworth et al. Darwin. 1991, page 129
105. The Islamic World: From Classic to Modern Times. Edited, C. E. Bosworth et al. Darwin. 1991, page 129
106. Plinio Prioreschi. A History of Medicine. 2001, page 369.
106. Plinio Prioreschi. A History of Medicine. 2001, page 369.
107. William Charles Brice. An Historical Atlas of Islam. Brill. 1981, page 355
107. William Charles Brice. An Historical Atlas of Islam. Brill. 1981, page 355
108. Abubakr Asadulla. Islam vs. West: Fact or Fiction? A Brief Historical, Political, Theological, Philosophical, and Psychological Perspective. iUniverse. 2009, page 76
108. Abubakr Asadulla. Islam vs. West: Fact or Fiction? A Brief Historical, Political, Theological, Philosophical, and Psychological Perspective. iUniverse. 2009 , page 76
109. Voir Usud al-Ghabah fi Ma’rifat as-Sahabah d’Ibn Athir 100. Tabari. Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk, éd. M. J. Goeje et al. (Leiden, 1879-1901), I, 2127-28, page 1116
109. See Ibn Athir’s Usud al-Ghabah fi Ma’rifat as-Sahabah 100. Tabari. Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk, ed. M. J. Goeje et al. (Leiden, 1879-1901), I, 2127-28, page 1116
111. Ce chapitre est mecquois, ce qui signifie que les versets ont été révélés avant l'émigration (Hijrah) vers Médine. La conquête de Ta’if a eu lieu après l'émigration (Hijrah). The Qur’an: A New Translation. Oxford University Press. 2005, page 215
111. This chapter is a Meccan which means that the verses were revealed before the migration (hijrah) to Medina. The conquest of Ta’if occurred after hijrah. The Qur’an: A New Translation. Oxford University Press. 2005, page 215
112. Ibid, page 137
112. Ibid, page 137
113.http://islampapers.com/2011/10/02/was-al-harith-the-source-of-the-prophets-medical-knowledge/ consulté le 3 octobre 2011, 08:46.
113.http://islampapers.com/2011/10/02/was-al-harith-the-source-of-the-prophets-medical-knowledge/ retrieved 3 October 2011, 08:46.
114. http://quran.com/86 Consulté le 25 septembre 2011, 21:23
114. http://quran.com/86 Retrieved 25 September 2011, 21:23
115. Hans Wehr, page 521
115. Hans Wehr, page 521
116. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 4, page 1712.
116. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 4, page 1712.
117. Ibid, volume 1, page 301.
117. Ibid, volume 1, page 301.
118. Taj Al Arus Min Jawahir Al Qamus, ou se référer à la note de bas de page de Muhammad Asad dans sa traduction du Qur'an, qui peut être trouvée ici http://arthursclassicnovels.com/koran/koran-asad10.html, consultée le 5 septembre 2011, 15:31.
118. Taj Al Arus Min Jawahir Al Qamus, or refer to Muhammad Asad’s footnote in his translation of the Qur’an, which can be found here http://arthursclassicnovels.com/koran/koran-asad10.html, retrieved 5 September 2011, 15:31.
119. Al-Bukhari et Muslim, rapporté par Hudhayfa 120. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/assets/swf/1/how-sex-determined/how-sex-determined.swf consulté le 3 octobre 2011, 09:10.
119. Al-Bukhari and Muslim, narrated by Hudhayfa 120. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/assets/swf/1/how-sex-determined/how-sex-determined.swf retrieved 3 October 2011, 09:10.
60. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2ème Édition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 75
60. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 75
61. Hans Wehr, page 912
61. Hans Wehr, page 912
62. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 411
62. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 411
63.Ibid, Volume 5, page 2134
63.Ibid, Volume 5, page 2134
64.http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=94 consulté le 8 septembre 2011, 23:07
64.http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=94 retrieved 8 September 2011, 23:07
65. Muhammad Mohar Ali. A Word for Word Meaning of the Qur’an. Volume II. JIMAS. 2003, page 1044
65. Muhammad Mohar Ali. A Word for Word Meaning of the Qur’an. Volume II. JIMAS. 2003, page 1044
66. Ibid 67. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2ème Édition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 6.
66. Ibid 67. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 6.
68. Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects. 7ème édition. Saunders. 2008, page 50
68. Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects. 7th Edition. Saunders. 2008, page 50
69. Corpus Medicorum Graecorum : Galeni de Semine (Galen : On Semen) (texte grec avec traduction anglaise de Phillip de Lacy, Akademic Verlag, 1992) section I:9:1-10, pp. 92-95
69. Corpus Medicorum Graecorum: Galeni de Semine (Galen: On Semen) (Greek text with English trans. Phillip de Lacy, Akademic Verlag, 1992) section I:9:1-10, pp. 92-95
70. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 2087.
70. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 2087.
71. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 20.
71. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 20.
72. Ibid, page 23
72. Ibid, page 23
73. Les Fondamentaux de l'Embryologie Humaine. 2ème Édition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
73. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
74. Voir ici http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran/023.qmt.html. Consulté le 8 août 2011, 09:48.
74. See here http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran/023.qmt.html. Retrieved 8 August 2011, 09:48.
75. The Koran: Interpreted. Arthur J Arberry. Oxford University Press. 1998, page 343.
75. The Koran: Interpreted. Arthur J Arberry. Oxford University Press. 1998, page 343.
76. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2ème Édition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page23
76. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page23
77. Ibid 78. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2ème édition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
77. Ibid 78. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
79. Hans Wehr, page 823
79. Hans Wehr, page 823
80. Ibid, page 861
80. Ibid, page 861
81. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 7, page 2492
81. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 7, page 2492
82. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2ème Édition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 24.
82. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 24.
83. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2ème édition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
83. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
84. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4th Edition. Mosby. 2008, Page 333 85. Aristotle. On the Parts of Animals. Translated by William Ogle. New York: Garland Pub. 1987, page 40
84. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4th Edition. Mosby. 2008, Page 333 85. Aristotle. On the Parts of Animals. Translated by William Ogle. New York: Garland Pub. 1987, page 40
86. Aristotle. Generation of Animals. Traduit par A. L. Peck. Heinemann. Édition de 1942.
86. Aristotle. Generation of Animals. Translated by A. L. Peck. Heinemann. 1942 edition.
87. Ibid 88. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2ème édition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
87. Ibid 88. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
89. Ibid 90. Bruce M Carlson. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4ème édition. Mosby. 2008, page 224 91. Hans Wehr, page 258
89. Ibid 90. Bruce M Carlson. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4th Edition. Mosby. 2008, page 224 91. Hans Wehr, page 258
92. Ibid, page 8
92. Ibid, page 8
93. Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Tafsir al-Kabir 94. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2ème édition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 1
93. Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Tafsir al-Kabir 94. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 1
95. M. Z. Siddiqi. Studies in Arabic and Persian Medical Literature. Calcutta University. 1959, page 6 - 7
95. M. Z. Siddiqi. Studies in Arabic and Persian Medical Literature. Calcutta University. 1959, page 6 - 7
96. H. Bailey (éd.). Cambridge History of Iran, vol 4. Cambridge University Press 1975 pages 414
96. H. Bailey (ed). Cambridge History of Iran, vol 4. Cambridge University Press 1975 pages 414
97. A. A. Khairallah. Outline of Arabic Contributions to Medicine. American Press, Beirut. 1946, page 22
97. A. A. Khairallah. Outline of Arabic Contributions to Medicine. American Press, Beirut. 1946, page 22
98. Martin Lings. Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources. 2ème édition révisée. The Islamic Texts Society. 1983, page 34
98. Martin Lings. Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources. 2nd Revised Edition. The Islamic Texts Society. 1983, page 34
99. Ibid, page 52
99. Ibid, page 52
100. Ibid, pages 53 - 79
100. Ibid, pages 53 - 79
101. W. Montgomery Watt. Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford. 1953, page 52
101. W. Montgomery Watt. Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford. 1953, page 52
102. David C. Lindberg. The Beginnings of Western Science. University Of Chicago Press. 1992, pages, 164-165
102. David C. Lindberg. The Beginnings of Western Science. University Of Chicago Press. 1992, pages, 164-165
103. Roy Porter. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. Fontana Press. 1999, page 94.
103. Roy Porter. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. Fontana Press.1999, page,94.
104. M. Ullman. Die Medizin im Islam. Leiden ad Cologne. 1970, pages 19-20 ; F. Rosenthal, apud sa traduction d'Ibn Muqaddima, II, 373.
104. M. Ullman. Die Medizin im Islam. Leiden ad Cologne. 1970, pages 19-20; F. Rosenthal, apud his translation of Ibn Muqaddima, II, 373.
105. The Islamic World: From Classic to Modern Times. Édité par C. E. Bosworth et al. Darwin. 1991, page 129
105. The Islamic World: From Classic to Modern Times. Edited, C. E. Bosworth et al. Darwin. 1991, page 129
106. Plinio Prioreschi. A History of Medicine. 2001, page 369.
106. Plinio Prioreschi. A History of Medicine. 2001, page 369.
107. William Charles Brice. An Historical Atlas of Islam. Brill. 1981, page 355
107. William Charles Brice. An Historical Atlas of Islam. Brill. 1981, page 355
108. Abubakr Asadulla. Islam vs. West: Fact or Fiction? A Brief Historical, Political, Theological, Philosophical, and Psychological Perspective. iUniverse. 2009, page 76
108. Abubakr Asadulla. Islam vs. West: Fact or Fiction? A Brief Historical, Political, Theological, Philosophical, and Psychological Perspective. iUniverse. 2009 , page 76
109. Voir Usud al-Ghabah fi Ma’rifat as-Sahabah d’Ibn Athir 100. Tabari. Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk, éd. M. J. Goeje et al. (Leiden, 1879-1901), I, 2127-28, page 1116
109. See Ibn Athir’s Usud al-Ghabah fi Ma’rifat as-Sahabah 100. Tabari. Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk, ed. M. J. Goeje et al. (Leiden, 1879-1901), I, 2127-28, page 1116
111. Ce chapitre est mecquois, ce qui signifie que les versets ont été révélés avant l'émigration (Hijrah) vers Médine. La conquête de Ta’if a eu lieu après l'émigration (Hijrah). The Qur’an: A New Translation. Oxford University Press. 2005, page 215
111. This chapter is a Meccan which means that the verses were revealed before the migration (hijrah) to Medina. The conquest of Ta’if occurred after hijrah. The Qur’an: A New Translation. Oxford University Press. 2005, page 215
112. Ibid, page 137
112. Ibid, page 137
113.http://islampapers.com/2011/10/02/was-al-harith-the-source-of-the-prophets-medical-knowledge/ consulté le 3 octobre 2011, 08:46.
113.http://islampapers.com/2011/10/02/was-al-harith-the-source-of-the-prophets-medical-knowledge/ retrieved 3 October 2011, 08:46.
114. http://quran.com/86 Consulté le 25 septembre 2011, 21:23
114. http://quran.com/86 Retrieved 25 September 2011, 21:23
115. Hans Wehr, page 521
115. Hans Wehr, page 521
116. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 4, page 1712.
116. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 4, page 1712.
117. Ibid, volume 1, page 301.
117. Ibid, volume 1, page 301.
118. Taj Al Arus Min Jawahir Al Qamus, ou se référer à la note de bas de page de Muhammad Asad dans sa traduction du Qur'an, qui peut être trouvée ici http://arthursclassicnovels.com/koran/koran-asad10.html, consultée le 5 septembre 2011, 15:31.
118. Taj Al Arus Min Jawahir Al Qamus, or refer to Muhammad Asad’s footnote in his translation of the Qur’an, which can be found here http://arthursclassicnovels.com/koran/koran-asad10.html, retrieved 5 September 2011, 15:31.
119. Al-Bukhari et Muslim, rapporté par Hudhayfa 120. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/assets/swf/1/how-sex-determined/how-sex-determined.swf consulté le 3 octobre 2011, 09:10.
119. Al-Bukhari and Muslim, narrated by Hudhayfa 120. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/assets/swf/1/how-sex-determined/how-sex-determined.swf retrieved 3 October 2011, 09:10.
121. Al-Bukhari et Muslim, rapporté par Ibn Mas’ud.
121. Al-Bukhari and Muslim, narrated by Ibn Mas’ud.
122. Rapporté par Muslim, Kitab al-Qadar 123. Traduction du Qur’an : Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Curzon Press. 2001, page 9
122. Narrated by Muslim, Kitab al-Qadar 123. Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Curzon Press. 2001, page 9
124. Ibid, page 5
124. Ibid, page 5
125. Ibid, page 7
125. Ibid, page 7
126. Ibid, page 65
126. Ibid, page 65
127. Le Qur’an : avec introductions des sourates et appendices. The Qur’an Project. Traduction Saheeh International. 2011, page 345. Qur’an chapitre 31 verset 27. www.quranproject.org.
127.The Qur’an: with Surah Introductions and Appendices. The Qur’an Project. Saheeh International Translation. 2011, page 345. Qur’an chapter 31 verse 27. www.quranproject.org.