Mustafa Kemal ne ya yi kira da a zaɓi sababbin mambobi, kuma ya amince da cewa majalisar tana bisa doka. Ya amince da 'yan majalisar da aka zaɓa, ya kuma yi alkawarin bin shawarwarin majalisar, wadda ta rushe tsohuwar gwamnati ta karɓi gwamnatin yanzu, bisa buƙatar cewa a gudanar da ƙasar ta hanyar mulkin tsarin mulki. Duk da duk wannan, ya yanke shawarar sake shelanta tawaye, bayan ya rasa duk fata na kwace mulki ta hanyar majalisa. Saboda haka, ya fara shirya sojoji da kuma shirya yaƙi.

Mustafa Kemal was the one who called for the election of new members and recognised the constitutionality of the assembly. He approved of the selected deputies, and he promised to abide by the resolutions of the assembly, who had dissolved the former government and accepted the current government, with the demands that the country should be governed through constitutional rule. Despite all this, he decided to declare the rebellion once again, after he had lost all hope of seizing power through parliament. Hence, he started to equip the troops and prepare for battle.

Hatta an fara kwararar makamai da kuɗi zuwa gare shi daga Istanbul da cikakken sani na Babban Kwamishinan Birtaniya da Babban Kwamishinan Faransa. Dukansu sukan nuna adawarsu da hakan a zahiri, amma galibi sukan yi shiru su ƙi bayyana komai; ma an yi wani lamari mafi muhimmanci fiye da wannan, wato lokacin da Mustafa Kemal ya tara manyan motoci cike da makamai da harsasai a tsibirin Gallipoli, a ƙarƙashin idon Babban Kwamishinan Birtaniya kai tsaye, duk da sa idonsa.

Weapons and funds started to flow towards him from Istanbul with the full knowledge of the British High Commissioner and the French High Commissioner. They both used to nominally express their objection to this but they would generally keep silent and decline to reveal anything; even an incident far more significant than this occurred, which was when Mustafa Kemal gathered trucks full of weapons and ammunition in the peninsula of Gallipoli, right under the nose of the British High Commissioner and despite his surveillance.

An yaƙin sakai ya barke a kan ƙawayen, aka kewaye Biriya, aka tilasta mata mika wuya, don haka 'yan tawayen suka bar sojojin Italiya da ke tsaron wurin su fice.

A guerrilla war broke out against the allies, and Biria was besieged and forced to capitulate, thus the rebels allowed the Italian garrison to evacuate.

Sannan aka kai hari a gabashin Cilicia, sojojin Faransa da ke tsaron yankin suka fice. London da Paris sun yi kira da a dakatar da ayyukan soji gaba ɗaya, amma aikin soji ya ci gaba kamar yadda yake.

Then the eastern side of Cilicia was attacked and the French garrison evacuated. London and Paris called for an absolute halt to the military operations, but these went on regardless as they were.

A ranar 7 ga Maris, 1920, ƙawancen ƙasashe sun tilasta Ali Ridha yin murabus; saboda haka ya miƙa takardar murabus ɗinsa, sai aka maye gurbinsa da Salih Pasha, wanda shi ne ministan ruwa, kuma wanda a baya ya yi yarjejeniya da Mustafa Kemal a Amasia.

On 7th March 1920, the allies forced Ali Ridha to resign; thus he tendered his resignation and was replaced by Salih Pasha, who was the navy minister, and who had in the past struck a deal with Mustafa Kemal in “Amasia”.

Saboda haka, ya ci gaba da mulki yana ƙoƙarin watsa da kwantar da al'amarin.

Hence, he proceeded in government while attempting to diffuse and pacify the situation.

Amma, a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1920, Lord Curzon ya gabatar da jawabi a Majalisar Lords inda ya ce: Kawancen (allies) ba zai ƙara jure matakin wulakancin da Turawa ke fuskanta a Istanbul ba, alhali kuwa ana zalunta da kisan Kiristoci a ko'ina.

However, on 10th March 1920, Lord Curzon delivered a speech in the House of Lords in which he said: “The a+llies can no longer tolerate the level of belittlement the Europeans are having to endure in Istanbul, while Christians are being persecuted and slaughtered all over the place.”

Bayan wannan sanarwa, tashar Golden Horn ta cika da jiragen yakin Birtaniya. An kwashe ma'aikatan Birtaniya daga Anatoliya, kuma an ba da umarni ga sauran sojojin Birtaniya da ke tsaron yankin su fice da wuri-wuri. 'Yan Birtaniya da ke zaune a Ankara sun bar birnin cikin gaggawa.

In the wake of this statement, the harbour of Golden Horn was filled with British warships. British staff were evacuated from Anatolia and orders were issued to the remaining British garrison to evacuate as soon as possible. The British living in Ankara left the city in a hurry.

Shugaban majalisar dokoki a Istanbul, Rauf Beik, ya bayyana cewa Birtaniyya na shirin kama 'yan majalisar masu kishin kasa, tare da mayar da gwamnatin Damad Farid Pasha. Saboda haka, Mustafa Kemal ya aika wa 'yan majalisarsa sakon waya yana roƙon su da ƙarfi su gudu kada su mika kansu ga Birtaniyya, amma sun ki gudu.

The speaker of parliament in Istanbul, Ra’uf Beik, declared that the British intended to arrest the nationalist deputies and to restore the government of Damad Farid Pasha. Hence, Mustafa Kemal telegraphed his deputies urging them vehemently to flee and not to surrender themselves to the British, but they refused to flee.

A safdarar ranar 16 ga Maris, 1920, an ɗauki duk matakan da nufin mamaye Istanbul ta hanyar soji da ƙara matse lamarin mazauna garin. An ba wannan aiki ga Janar Birtaniya Henry Wilson, wanda aka naɗa a baya a matsayin Babban Kwamandan dakarun ƙawance.

In the early hours of 16th March 1920, all the measures aimed at occupying Istanbul militarily and at tightening the grip on the local residents were undertaken. This task was delegated to the British General Henry Wilson, who had been appointed earlier as the Commander in Chief of the allied forces.

Paris da Rome sun amince cewa gwamnatocin Birtaniya, Faransa da Italiya uku su shiga cikin ƙaddamar da takunkumi. Duk da haka, Birtaniya kaɗai ce ta aika da sojojin ruwanta na ruwa. Lokacin da Faransa da Italiya suka gane cewa Birtaniya ta yi nasarar mamaye Istanbul, sun sake shiga tsakani don hana shirin Birtaniya kaɗai, domin kiyaye daidaiton ƙarfi a tsakanin ƙasashen duniya; don haka suka nemi su shiga cikin mulkin ƙasar, amma Birtaniya ba ta ba su damar yin hakan ba, sai ta yi aiki ita kaɗai.

Paris and Rome agreed that the three governments of Britain, France and Italy should take part in imposing sanctions. However, it was Britain alone who dispatched her marines. When France and Italy realised that Britain had succeeded in occupying Istanbul, they intervened once again to block the categorically British initiative in order to preserve the international balance of power; thus they demanded to take part in ruling the country, but the British did not enable them to do so, and acted alone.

Sarkin Musulmi ya goyi bayan matakan da Turawan Ingila suka dauka, sannan gwamnati ta fitar da sanarwa ga jama'a inda ta yi kira da a kiyaye zaman lafiya, tana mai bayyana cewa wajibi ne a yi hakan. Gwamnati ta fara sanarwar da cewa: Babban wajibin kowane dan kasar Turkiyya shi ne ya bi umarnin Sarki. Saboda haka, talakawa da sojojin Turkiyya sun shiga cikin yanayin tsoro, wanda hakan ya haifar da fushin jama'a ga Sarki, da kuma karuwar hare-hare a kansa daga kowane bangare. Daga nan aka rushe majalisa a hukumance.

The Sultan backed the measures which the British had undertaken and the government issued a public communiqué in which it exhorted people to observe calm, stating that it was their duty to do so. The government began the communiqué by saying: “The most important duty of every Turkish citizen is to abide by the orders of the Sultan.” Consequently, the masses and the Turkish soldiers were engulfed in an atmosphere of terror which in turn led to people’s resentment of the Sultan and the intensification from all sides of the attacks upon him. Then parliament was officially dissolved.

Ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1920, Salih Pasha ya yi murabus, Damad Ferid Pasha kuma ya kafa sabuwar gwamnati bisa bukatar Ingilishawa, ya fara mulkin ƙasar da tsarin kama-karya. Bayan an rushe majalisa, ya zama shi kaɗai ne mai iko, ya fara la'akari a fili da muradun Ingilishawa, yana ƙoƙarin samun amincewarsu ta hanyoyi daban-daban, har ya kusan zama ya fi Ingilishawa kansu zama Ingilishawa. Sarki kuma bai yi nisa ba a ƙoƙarinsa na samun amincewar Ingilishawa, haka kuma a kai harin da ya kai kan mabiyan Mustafa Kemal. Ya ƙarfafa Sheikh-ul-Islam ya ba da fatawa a kansu, shi kuma ya yi haka. Fatawar ta bayyana cewa dukkan masu kishin ƙasa daga cikin waɗanda la'anar Allah ta rataya a kansu ne, kuma daga cikin waɗanda suka ɓace, kuma cewa muminai daga cikin bayin Allah su shelanta yaƙi da waɗannan 'yan tawaye masu tayar da hankali. A lokaci guda kuma aka fitar da dokar Sarki da ta amince da wannan fatawa, tare da yanke wa Mustafa Kemal da mabiyansa hukuncin kisa.

On 5th April 1920, Salih Pasha resigned and Damad Ferid Pasha formed the new government at the request of the British and started ruling the country in a despotic manner. Once parliament had been dissolved, he became the sole power broker and started to openly take into account the British interests and attempt to win them over through various means, until he almost became more British than the British themselves. The Sultan was not too far behind in his attempt at winning the British over and in his attack on Mustafa Kemal’s followers. He incited Sheikh-ul-Islam to issue a fatwa against them and so he did. The fatwa stated that all the nationalists were from amongst the cursed ones and from amongst those who strayed, and that the believers from amongst Allah’s servants should declare war on those revolting insurgents. A Sultanic decree was simultaneously issued endorsing this fatwa and sentencing Mustafa Kemal and his supporters to capital punishment.

A cikin sakamakon waɗannan ayyuka, al'amarin ya bayyana a fili cewa ƙasar tana ƙarƙashin sansani biyu: Birtaniya a gefe ɗaya, tare da goyon bayan Khalifa da gwamnati, da ƙungiyar Mustafa Kemal a ɗaya gefen, tare da goyon bayan dukkan jama'a. Saboda haka, Mustafa Kemal ya zama abokin hamayyar gwamnati, kuma jama'a suka ɗauke shi a matsayin shugabansu a kan Birtaniya. Saboda haka, ra'ayin jama'a yana tare da shi, kuma yawancin jami'an soja da ma'aikatan gwamnati suna gefensa. Don haka, a cikin wannan yanayi mai kyau, ya yi amfani da damar wajen sanar da, a madadin Kwamitin Majalisa, wanda har yanzu yana nan kuma ba a taɓa rushe shi ba, cewa za a yi sabon zaɓe, kuma sabuwar majalisa ba za ta da alaƙa da tsohon majalisar ba. Haka kuma, ba za ta zama majalisar Daular Usmaniyya ba, sai dai cibiyar dokoki ta kishin ƙasa mai iko ta musamman. An zaɓi Ankara a matsayin cibiyar da za a gudanar da zaman wannan cibiyar ta kishin ƙasa.

In the light of these operations, the situation became apparent in that two camps dominated the country: the British on one side, backed by the Khaleefah and the government, and Mustafa Kemal’s party on the other side, backed by all the people. Hence, Mustafa Kemal became opposite to the government and people regarded him as their leader against the British. Therefore, public opinion was in his favour and most of the army officers and civil servants were on his side. So, amidst this favourable mood, he seized the opportunity to announce on behalf of the Parliamentary Committee, which was still in place and had never been dissolved, that fresh elections would be held and that the new parliament would have no connection with the old assembly. Also that it would not be an Ottoman parliament, but a nationalist legislative institution with exceptional powers. Ankara was selected as the centre where the sessions of this nationalist institution would be held.

Zaɓuka sun wanzu a zahiri, amma ba zaɓuka na gaskiya ba ne; sun kasance dai wata harka ta suna wadda aka yi don a nuna kamar an yi zaɓen halal. Yanayin da ake ciki a lokacin ya nuna cewa dole ne a zaɓi 'yan Kemalist kawai, ba tare da wani ba, domin su zama wakilan al'umma. Haka ya kasance, kuma babu wani ɗan majalisa, sai 'yan Kemalist kawai, da aka zaɓa.

Elections did effectively take place, but these were not genuine elections - they were rather a nominal exercise aimed at creating the appearance of legitimate elections. The general mood was that the status quo necessitated the election of the Kemalists only, to the exclusion of all others, so they become the representatives of the nation. This indeed was the case and no other deputy apart from the Kemalists was elected.

A ranar 23 ga Afrilu 1920, an gudanar da taron ƙasa a Ankara. An tsara zaman buɗe taron ne da gangan a ranar Juma'a.

On 23rd April 1920, the nationalist conference was held in Ankara. The inaugural session was deliberately scheduled to take place on a Friday.

Saboda haka, Mustafa Kemal ya kafa wata gwamnati a Ankara.

And so, Mustafa Kemal established a government apparatus in Ankara.

Ya kuma kafa sojojin dindindin da kuma sassan gwamnati da dama.

He also established a regular army and several government departments.

Ya kuma kawo na'ura ta buga takardu da wata tawagar 'yan jarida. An buga wata jarida mai suna Hakmit Milla, Mustafa Kemal kuma ya shirya Ankara ta zama cibiyar gwamnati da babban birnin ƙasar. Ya fara aza harsashen kafa jamhuriyar Turkiyya. Sai dai ya aiwatar da wannan shiri cikin matuƙar taka-tsantsan da sirri gaba ɗaya, yana nuna cewa gwagwarmayarsa gwagwarmaya ce ta yaƙi da mamayar ƙasashen waje, kuma yakinsa yaƙi ne da 'yan mamaya. Yakan kare ayyukansa da cewa yana kare ƙasar, kuma yakan yi magana da Turawa ta hanyar sanarwun hukuma inda yake cewa: "Kuna iya mamaye dukkan ƙasashen Larabawa, har ma ku mamaye Siriya, amma ba zan bari ku mamaye Turkiyya ba. Muna neman haƙƙi ne kawai wanda kowace al'umma ya kamata ta samu. Muna son zama al'umma mai 'yanci a cikin iyakokin ƙasarmu na asali. Ba mu karɓar ko da ƙaramin rabo ƙasa da haka ba." A lokacin da bayan buɗe Majalisar Ƙasa, ya bayyana cewa: "Duk matakan da za a ɗauka za su nufi kiyaye Khilafah da Sarautar Sarki, da kuma 'yantar da Sarki da ƙasar daga bautar Yammacin duniya." Sannan ya ba da wata sanarwa inda ya ce: "Tun da Sarki fursuna ne a hannun ƙasashen Yamma waɗanda ke iko da babban birnin yadda suke so, don haka ba shi da 'yanci ko kaɗan, kuma ba shi da wani iko ko kaɗan. Saboda haka, Majalisar Ƙasa ta Koli za ta ɗauki nauyin tafiyar da al'amuran ƙasar na ɗan lokaci." Saboda haka aka kafa wata Kwamitin Zartarwa aka dora mata alhakin tafiyar da al'amuran ƙasar. Ta ƙunshi ministoci goma sha ɗaya waɗanda Majalisar Ƙasa ta zaɓa, Mustafa Kemal kuma aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugabanta. Kafin wannan, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Ƙasa, bayan haka Kanar Ismat Pasha ya shiga gwamnatin.

He also brought a press and a team of journalists. A newspaper called Hakmit Milla was published and Mustafa Kemal prepared Ankara to become the government centre and the capital of the country. He set about laying the foundations of the Turkish republic. However, he undertook this initiative with extreme caution and total secrecy by pretending that his struggle was a struggle against foreign occupation and that his war was a war against the occupiers. He used to justify his actions by claiming that he was defending the country and used to address the Europeans through official statements in which he would say: “You can occupy all the Arab countries and occupy Syria, but I shall not allow you to occupy Turkey. We are only claiming a right which every single nation should enjoy. We want to be a free nation within our natural national borders. We do not accept one carat less than that.” During and after the inauguration of the National Assembly, he declared: “All the measures to be taken would be aimed at maintaining the Khilafah and the Sultanate and at ridding the Sultan and the country from Western slavery.” He then gave a statement in which he said: “Since the Sultan is prisoner of the Western countries who control the capital as they please, thus he is not a free sovereign, nor does he enjoy any sovereignty whatsoever. Therefore, the Supreme National Assembly is going to assume temporarily the running of the country’s affairs.” Consequently, an executive committee was set up and delegated with the task of running the country’s affairs. It was formed of eleven ministers elected by the National Assembly, and Mustafa Kemal was voted as its president. Prior to this, he had been elected as speaker of the National Assembly, whereafter Colonel Ismat Pasha joined the government.

Sarki ya aika da wata runduna zuwa Ankara, wacce jami'an da suke masu biyayya gare shi suka jagoranta.

The Sultan dispatched a task force to Ankara led by officers loyal to him.

Sojojin sun yi tattaki zuwa arewa-maso-yammacin Asiya Karama. Masu sa kai da yawa sun shiga rundunar, Sarkin ya kuma aika wasu daga cikin magoya bayansa zuwa Kurdistan domin tada kabilun yankin. Sa'an nan ya fara kira ga dukkan Ummah da ta kare karagar mulki da Khilafah. Biyayya ga Khaleefah tana da karfi har ta kai ga ana karbar umarninsa da girmamawa, kuma ana ganin biyayyarsa a matsayin biyayya ga Allah (SWT), yayin da rashin biyayyarsa ake ganin sa a matsayin rashin biyayya ga Allah (SWT). Saboda haka, dukkan lardunan sun koma gefen Khaleefah, yayin da wasu daga cikinsu suka tayar wa gwamnatin Ankara. Rundunar Khaleefah ta yi nasarar kama wata cikakkiyar runduna ta sojojin Kemal a matsayin fursunoni.

The troops marched towards the north-west of Asia Minor. Many volunteers joined the task force and the Sultan sent some of his supporters to Kurdistan in order to incite the tribes in that region. Then he started to exhort the whole Ummah to defend the throne and the Khilafah. Loyalty to the Khaleefah was still strong to the point that his orders were met with respect and his obedience was considered to be an obedience to Allah (swt), while his disobedience was considered to be a disobedience to Allah (swt). Hence, all the provinces joined the Khaleefah while some of them revolted against the Ankara government. The army of the Khaleefah succeeded in taking a whole Kemalist division as prisoners.

Yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin rundunonin biyu sun ci gaba a duk tsawon watan Mayu na shekarar 1920, kuma rundunar Sarki ta yi nasarar kayar da dakarun Mustafa Kemal a ko'ina. Dukkan lardunan sun shiga ƙarƙashin Khaleefah, jama'a kuma suna tare da shi, sai dai Ankara, wadda ita ce cibiyar tawayen. Ankara kanta tana gab da faɗuwa, domin ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da ita suna shiga ƙarƙashin tutar Sarki ɗaya bayan ɗaya, suna haɗuwa da rundunar Khaleefah.

Battles between the two armies went on throughout the month of May 1920 and the Sultan’s army managed to rout Mustafa Kemal’s forces everywhere. All the provinces joined the Khaleefah and the masses were on his side, apart from Ankara, which was the centre of the rebellion. Ankara itself was about to fall, for the neighbouring villages were coming under the Sultan’s banner one after the other and joining the Khaleefah’s army.

Mustafa Kemal da magoya bayansa a Ankara suna cikin mawuyacin hali, kuma a cikin Ankara kanta, fargaba ta shiga zukatan wadanda ke tare da shi, har suka yi tunanin mika wuya ga Khalifa da shiga cikinsa. Rayuwar Mustafa Kemal tana rataye da zare, kuma ya kusa halaka.

A daidai lokacin ne aka watsa sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta da aka sanya wa hannu shekara da rabi a baya a birnin Paris, wadda aka sani da Yarjejeniyar Sèvres, wadda Sarkin Musulmi ya amince da ita, kuma Firayim Minista Damad Farid Pasha ya sanya mata hannu. An kiyaye waɗannan sharuɗɗa a asirce, kuma al'ummar Turkiyya ba su san komai game da su ba. Yanzu an watsa su a ko'ina cikin Turkiyya. Saboda haka, jama'a sun yi fushi a kowane yanki na ƙasar, da Khaleefah da kuma Firayim Minista Damad Farid Pasha.

Precisely at that moment, the terms of truce which had been signed a year and a half before in Paris, known as the Treaty of Sèvres which the Sultan had accepted and the Prime Minister Damad Farid Pasha had signed, were broadcast. These terms had been kept secret and the Turkish people knew nothing about them. They were now broadcast all over Turkey . Hence, public opinion was outraged in every part of the country, against the Khaleefah and against the Prime Minister Damad Farid Pasha.

Sa'ad da fushin ya kai kololuwarsa, Firayim Ministan Birtaniya Lloyd George ya yi sanarwa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Birtaniya cewa: Manufar ƙawayen ita ce ƴanta al'ummomin da ba Turkawa ba daga karkiyar Turkawa. Wannan sanarwa ma an yaɗa ta a cikin jama'a, wanda hakan ya sa fushin ya ƙara tsanani, sannan ƙiyayya ta koma kan Birtaniya da ƴan amshin shatanta, wato Khalifa da Firayim Ministansa Damad Farid Pasha.

When the outrage was at his highest, the British Prime Minister Lloyd George, made an announcement in the House of Parliament saying: “The aim of the allies is to liberate the non-Turkish nations from the Turkish yoke.” This announcement was also circulated amongst the masses, causing the outrage to intensify, and the resentment became directed at the British and their puppets, the Khaleefah and his Prime Minister Damad Farid Pasha.

Ta haka ne al'amarin ya juya baya, mutane suka fara janyewa daga Khaleefah suka koma tare da Mustafa Kemal. Yankunan da suka yi tawaye ga Mustafa Kemal duk an kawar da su daga cikin sojojin Khaleefah da kuma daga cikin wadanda suke adawa da Mustafa Kemal. Sojojin Khaleefah sun sha kashi mai girma, ikon Sultan kuma ya ragu. Mutane suna rantsuwar neman ramako daga Damad Farid Pasha wanda ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ya kuma mika kasar. Saboda haka, Ankara ta sake samun iko da lamarin, dukkan mutane kuma suka koma gefen Mustafa Kemal. Suka dauke shi a matsayin mai ceto daga mamayar kasashen waje, aka kuma mayar da shi shugaban kasar. Wannan Yarjejeniya ta harzuka Turkawa, domin tana nufin karshen Daular Usmaniyya da rabata tsakanin Turawan Yamma, ko kuma tarwatsa ta zuwa kasashe masu cin gashin kansu da dama, wanda hakan zai mayar da Turkiyya karamar kasa a cikin yankin Asia Minor, tare da sanya Istanbul, babban birnin Turkiyya kuma kofarta kadai zuwa Turai, karkashin ikon kasashen duniya.