Ya zamana cewa Turawan Ingila suna fatan haifar da wani sauyi mai tsanani a tsarin mulki ta hanyar rushe Khilafah da kafa jamhuriya ta hanyoyin halal da doka, ba tare da sun yi amfani da juyin mulkin soja ko tawaye da makami ba. Don haka sai suka koma ga salon siyasa kawai. Bayan an cire Izzet Pasha, Khaleefah ya umurci Tawfiq Pasha da ya kafa sabuwar gwamnati. An san Tawfiq Pasha a matsayin wakili na Birtaniya. A zamanin mulkin Abdul-Hamid ya kasance ma'aikacin gwamnati, aka naɗa shi jakadan Daular Usmaniyya a London, inda ya samu nasarar samun tausayi da yardar Turawan Ingila. Duk da haka, lokacin da ya kafa gwamnatinsa, ya kasance tsoho mai shekaru tamanin kuma bai dace da rawar da ake tsammanin zai taka ba. Saboda haka Turawan Ingila ba su ji daɗin naɗin gwamnatinsa ba.

It seemed that the British were hoping to generate a radical change in the ruling system by destroying the Khilafah and establishing a republic through legitimate and legal means, without having to resort to a military coup or an armed rebellion. So they resorted to purely political styles. Once Izzet Pasha was removed, the Khaleefah instructed Tawfiq Pasha to form the new government. Tawfiq Pasha was known to be a British agent. During the rule of Abdul-Hamid he was a civil servant, appointed as ambassador of the Ottoman State to London, where he managed to gain the sympathy and the pleasure of the British. However, when he formed his government, he was an old man in his eighties and unfit to perform the role expected of him. Thus the British were uneasy about his forming of the government.

Duk da haka, kafin su yi ƙoƙarin maye gurbinsa da kafa sabuwar gwamnati, sun so su rushe majalisar da ake kira majalisar Al-Mabuthan. Wannan saboda an zaɓi wannan majalisa ne daga mutanen dukkan sassan Daular Usmaniyya, wato Daular Khilafah. Saboda haka, ba majalisar Turkiyya ta musamman ba ce, kawai ga Turkiyya. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin wakilanta sun fito ne daga Matasan Turkawa da Kwamitin Haɗin Kai da Ci Gaba (C.U.P.). Wato jam'iyyar Anwar da Jamal, wadda ra'ayinta ya goyi bayan kiyaye Khilafah da dukkan sassan Daular Usmaniyya. Don haka, da wuya ta amince da soke Khilafah, ko ta amince da raba sauran sassan Daular daga Turkiyya. Haka kuma sun so haifar da gibin siyasa a ƙasar, kuma rushe majalisar zai taimaka musu wajen haifar da wannan gibi. Saboda haka suka ƙudurta rushe ta. Da farko sun so rushe ta ta hanyar tsarin mulki, ba tare da sun dogara ga shiga tsakani daga Sarki ba don mayar da martani ga buƙatarsu. A lokacin ne Mustafa Kemal ya yi ƙoƙarin bin hanyoyin tsarin mulki, amma ya gaza.

However, prior to attempting to replace him and bringing a new government, they wanted to dissolve the parliament known as the council of “Al-Mab’uthan”. This was because that council was elected by people from all over the Ottoman State, namely the Khilafah State. Accordingly, it was not a Turkish parliament, exclusive to Turkey. Besides, most of the deputies were from the Young Turks and the Committee of Union & Progress (C.U.P.). In other words the party of Anwar and Jamal, whose views were in favour of maintaining the Khilafah and all the parts of the Ottoman State. Therefore, it would be very unlikely for it to agree to the abolition of the Khilafah, or to agree to the severing of the other parts of the Empire from Turkey. They also wanted to generate a political vacuum in the country, and dissolving parliament would help them generate this vacuum. Hence, they were determined to dissolve it. They wanted at first to dissolve it through constitutional means, without having to resort to an intervention from the Sultan in response to their demand. This was when Mustafa Kemal attempted to apply the constitutional solutions and failed.

Sai Sarki, cikin wani mataki da ba a zata ba, ya rushe majalisa ta hanyar dokar sarauta; kuma wannan ba zai iya kasancewa ba sai bisa wata bukata da ya yarda da ita, ko kuma wadda ba zai iya kin amincewa da ita ba.

Then the Sultan, in an unexpected move, dissolved parliament by a decree; and this could only be based on a demand of which he was convinced or which he could not afford to refuse.

Musamman ma, ya zama wajibi ga Tawfiq Pasha ya samu amincewar majalisa bisa ga ka'idojin tsarin mulki, don haka za a gudanar da zaman majalisa domin kada kuri'ar amincewar. Mustafa Kemal, wanda ya dawo kwanan nan daga Aleppo da Adhano, ya yi gaggawar shawo kan 'yan majalisa su ba gwamnati kuri'ar rashin amincewa. Yana da wasu abokai daga cikin 'yan Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kai, waɗanda ke wakiltar mafi yawan majalisar. Daga cikinsu akwai Fathi Beik, wanda yana da iko da tasiri. Fathi Beik ya tara masa wasu 'yan majalisa, sai ya fara muhawara da su a wani daki da ke kusa, Mustafa Kemal kuwa ya gabatar da shawararsa, wato a ba gwamnati kuri'ar rashin amincewa.

More specifically, it became imperative for Tawfiq Pasha to gain a parliamentary vote of confidence according to the constitutional rules,and so a parliamentary session to cast that vote was to be held. Mustafa Kemal who had just returned from Aleppo and Adhano, rushed to convince the deputies to give the government a vote of no confidence. He had some friends from among the unionists who represented the majority of parliament. From among those was Fathi Beik who had power and influence. Fathi Beik gathered for him a number of deputies and he initiated a debate with them in an adjacent room, and Mustafa Kemal put forward his proposal, that is, to give the government a vote of no confidence.

Sai dai sun ki amincewa da wannan, suna cewa kada kuri'ar rashin amincewa za ta kai ga rushe majalisar. Bayan haka, ba zai ƙara ɓoye manufofin da yake nufi ba, sai ya amsa nan da nan: "Kuma wannan zai fi kyau a dogon lokaci, domin ta haka za mu iya jira mu shirya al'amuranmu don kafa gwamnatin da muke so." Ƙararrawar kada kuri'a ta yi sauti, sai 'yan majalisa suka nufi zauren majalisa. Amma a lokacin da lokacin kada kuri'a ya zo, kakakin majalisa ya sanar da sakamakon, sai ga manyan mafi yawa sun ba gwamnati amincewa. Da Mustafa Kemal ya ji haka, ya bar ginin majalisa, kuma da zarar ya isa gida, ya kira fadar sarki yana neman a yi taro na gaggawa da Sarkin. Sarki Wahid-ud-Deen ya san tunanin Mustafa Kemal, kuma ya san burinsa na kwace mulki. Haƙiƙa, ya ji a cikinsa wani ƙarfi, kuma ya yi tunanin yana da ƙawaye masu ƙarfi a cikin sojoji kuma yana da tasiri a kan sojojin. Babban abin damuwar Wahid-ud-Deen shi ne ya kiyaye karagarsa, kuma ya ɗauki Mustafa Kemal a matsayin barazana gare shi. Don haka, da ya nemi ganawa da shi, nan take ya amince.

However, they objected to this, claiming that casting a vote of no confidence would inevitably lead to the dissolution of the council. Upon this he could no longer conceal the objectives he was aiming for so he promptly replied : “And this would be better in the long term, for through this, we can bide our time and prepare our affairs to form the government that we want.” The division bell rang and the deputies made their way into the parliament chamber. But when the time came to cast the votes and the speaker announced the result, the overwhelming majority gave the government a vote of confidence. When Mustafa Kemal learnt this, he left the parliament buildings and as soon as he arrived home, he telephoned the palace requesting an urgent meeting with the Sultan. Sultan Wahid-ud-Deen was aware of Mustafa Kemal’s thoughts and knew about his ambition to seize power. Indeed, he sensed in him some power and thought that he had powerful allies in the army and had influence over the army. Wahid-ud-Deen’s main concern was to maintain his throne and he viewed Mustafa Kemal as a threat to him. Thus, when he requested an audience with him he immediately agreed.

Amma, ya saita ranar taron ta zama ranar Juma'a ta farko.

However, he set the date of the meeting to be on the earliest Friday.

Wahid-ud-Deen ya zaɓi wannan rana ne saboda ita ce ranar da aka yi Salammalik, wato lokacin da Khalifa ya haɗu da mutanen da suka zo gaishe shi. Niyyarsa ita ce ya sa Mustafa Kemal ya bayyana alakarsa da Sarkin Musulmi, kuma ya tabbatar da biyayyarsa ga Khalifa tare da yin sallar Juma'a tare da shi. Daga nan sai ya shirya yadda zai saurari jawabinsa - wanda ya riga ya sani - a keɓe.

Wahid-ud-Deen chose that day because it was the day when the “Salammalik” took place, meaning when the Khaleefah met with the people who came to greet him. His intention was to get Mustafa Kemal to declare his links with the Sultan and to confirm his loyalty to the Khaleefah along with performing the Juma’a prayer with him. Then he would take the appropriate arrangements to listen to his talk -which he knew- in private.

Bayan an gama Sallah, Wahid-ud-Deen ya nemi Mustafa Kemal da ya raka shi zuwa falon zama. Sarkin yana gangan yana tsawaita ganawar, kuma tattaunawar ta dauki cikakken sa'a guda. Sarkin ya ce wa Mustafa Kemal: Na gamsu sosai cewa kwamandodin soja da jami'an soja suna da babban amana a gare ka; don haka shin za ka ba ni tabbacin cewa sojoji ba za su dauki wani mataki a kaina ba? Mustafa Kemal ya amsa: Ya Mai Girma, ban san komai game da nan gaba ba. Amma abin da nake gani a yanzu shi ne cewa kwamandodin ba su ga wani dalili da zai sa su yi tawaye ga kursiyinka ba; ma har ma zan iya tabbatar maka cewa babu wani abu ko kadan da zai tabbatar da fargabarka. Sai sarkin ya ce: Ba na magana ne game da lokacin yanzu ba, amma ina so in sani abin da ake tsammanin zai faru nan gaba. Ba a san abin da Mustafa Kemal ya amsa ba, amma da alama ya yi magana da shi ta hanyar da ta kwantar masa da hankali, domin sarkin ya ce masa daga baya: Kai kwamanda ne mai hikima, kuma babu shakka za ka iya yin tasiri a kan abokan aikinka ka shawo kansu su natsu, kuma ka karfafa musu gwiwa su yi tunani sosai. Wannan ganawa ta musamman, wadda babu wani da ya halarta, ta ja hankalin mutanen da ke cikin fadar, kuma suka yi kokarin gano abin da ya kunsa. Duk da haka, a ranar da aka yi ganawar, Khaleefah ya fitar da wata doka inda ya umarci a rushe majalisar, ba tare da kayyade ranar sabon zabe ba. Wannan doka ta ba kowa mamaki, musamman domin matakin ne na son rai ba tare da wani dalili ba. Ba a bayar da wani dalili na kundin tsarin mulki ko hujja ga rushewar majalisar ba. Saboda haka, mutane suka yi zaton cewa Mustafa Kemal ne ya ba Khaleefah shawarar rushe majalisar kuma ya yi tasiri a kan shawararsa, kamar yadda ya yi hakan. Wannan ya kasance musamman saboda buƙatar ganawa ta zo ne bayan ƙoƙarin Mustafa Kemal na shawo kan 'yan majalisa su ba gwamnati kuri'ar rashin amincewa, domin hakan zai kai ga rushe majalisar dole ne. Sai dai al'amuran da suka kewaye rushe majalisar sun nuna cewa shawarar Khaleefah ba ta da alaƙa da tasirin Mustafa Kemal ko kaɗan. Wannan ya faru ne a ranar da aka yi taron, kuma yana da wuya ya kasance sakamakon abin da aka faɗa a taron, musamman ma da yake taron ya kasance ranar Juma'a, wacce ranar hutu ce ta jama'a. Haka kuma, Mustafa Kemal yana ganawa da Sarki a karon farko bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta da ƙarshen yaƙi, kuma ko wane irin tasiri yake da shi, ba zai yiwu a cika buƙatarsa cikin gaggawar walƙiya irin haka ba.

Once the Salah ended, Wahid-ud-Deen asked Mustafa Kemal to accompany him to the lounge. The Sultan was deliberately prolonging the meeting and the discussion took one whole hour. The Sultan addressed Mustafa Kemal by saying : “I am totally convinced that the army commanders and officers have a great confidence in you; so would you guarantee to me that the army would not undertake any action against me?” Mustafa Kemal replied: “Your Excellency, I know nothing about the future. But what I can see at the present time is that the commanders do not find any justification to rebel against your throne; I can even confirm to you that there is absolutely nothing to justify your fears.” Upon this the Sultan said : “I am not talking about the present time, but I wish to know what is expected to happen in the future.” It is not known what Mustafa Kemal replied, but it seems that he talked to him in a way that reassured him, for the Sultan said to him afterwards : “You are a wise commander, and undoubtedly you can influence your colleagues and persuade them to be calm and exhort them to use deliberation.” This special meeting, which no one else attended, caught the imagination of the people who were in the palace, and they tried to find out what it is was about. However, the Khaleefah issued on the very day of the meeting a decree in which he ordered the dissolution of parliament, without setting a date for new elections. This decree took everyone by surprise, especially as it was an arbitrary measure with no justification. No constitutional justifications or reasons were given for the dissolution. Hence, people thought that Mustafa Kemal had suggested to the Khaleefah to dissolve parliament and influenced his decision, as indeed he had done. This was particularly so as the request for an audience came in the wake of Mustafa Kemal’s endeavour to persuade the deputies to give the government a vote of no confidence, for this would have inevitably led to the dissolution of parliament. However, events surrounding the dissolution suggested that the Khaleefah’s decision had absolutely nothing to do with Mustafa Kemal’s influence. This was because it took place on the same day of the meeting and it was very unlikely for it to have been as a result of what was said in the meeting, especially as the meeting was on a Friday, which is a public holiday. Besides, Mustafa Kemal was meeting the Sultan for the first time after the signing of the truce and the end of the war, and no matter how influential he had been, the fulfilment of his request could not have been achieved at such a lightening speed.

Saboda haka, al'amura sun nuna cewa an riga an shirya batun rushe majalisar kafin taron, kuma yadda aka sanar da shi cikin wannan hanya ta ba-zato ba-tsammani ya nuna ba tare da wata shakka ba cewa ya ta'allaka ne da wani al'amari da ya wuce ikon Sarkin. Ba za a iya cewa komai ba sai dai cewa Turawan Ingila ne suka shirya shi, domin su ne ke da iko kai tsaye a kan Khaleefah da kasar ta hanyar mamayar.

Therefore, events indicate that the issue of dissolving parliament had been prepared before the meeting, and that its declaration in such an arbitrary manner indicates without any shade of a doubt that it was based on a matter that was beyond the Sultan’s control. One could only deduce that it was orchestrated by the British, for they were directly in control of the Khaleefah and the country through occupation.

Duk da haka, rushe majalisar ya haifar da babban hayaniya da rikici a ko'ina cikin ƙasar. Jita-jita ta bazu cewa ƙungiyar Ittihadawa sun ba magoya bayansu makamai don su ayyana juyin juya hali a Asiya Minor, domin wannan babban koma-baya ne ga Ittihadawa. Cikin wannan hayaniya, Tawfiq Pasha ya ɓace, sai Damad Farid Pasha ya gaje shi, wanda aka sani da "Bature mai ladabi", kuma shi ma surukin Sarki ne.

Nevertheless, the dissolution of parliament caused a major uproar and confusion throughout the country. Rumours spread that the unionists had armed their supporters in order to declare the revolution in Asia Minor, for this was a fatal blow to the unionists. Amidst this uproar, Tawfiq Pasha disappeared and was succeeded by Damad Farid Pasha who was known as the “English Gentleman” and he also was the Sultan’s son-inlaw.

Dangane da Mustafa Kemal kuwa, ya yi hayar wani gida a Shilly, wata unguwa a bayan birnin Bira, kuma ya zauna a can a matsayin mutum na kowa. Ya bar siyasa, ya kuma nisanta kansa daga jama'a. An sha ganinsa yana zuwa wasu kulake yana cakuduwa da mutane na manyan al'umma. Duk da haka, ya kasance mai matukar taka-tsantsan, maganganunsa ba su nuna wani abu na musamman ba, kuma babu wanda ya san ko yana tare da Sarki ne ko yana adawa da shi.

As for Mustafa Kemal, he rented a house in Shilly, a suburb of Bira, and lived there as an ordinary individual. He deserted politics and kept a low profile. He used to be seen frequenting some clubs and mixing with people in high society. However, he remained very discreet, his talk did not imply anything in particular and no one knew whether he was with or against the Sultan.

Amma Sarki ya san manufofin Mustafa Kemal, domin ya san tunaninsa da shirye-shiryensa. Saboda haka, yakan tsananta adawa da shi, yana kai masa hari. Yakan ce wa mukarrabansa cewa Mustafa Kemal yana son ya raba Turkawa da iyalan sarautarsa, ya kuma haifar da gaba tsakaninsa da al'umma, domin ya kawar da shi. Duk da haka, janyewar Mustafa Kemal daga harkokin siyasa bai ba shi wata hujja ta kansa ba. Mutane da yawa sun nuna rashin amincewarsu da ƙiyayyar Sarki ga Mustafa Kemal.

However, the Sultan was aware of Mustafa Kemal’s intentions, for he was acquainted with his thoughts and his designs. Hence, he used to fiercely resist him and attack him. He used to say to his entourage that Mustafa Kemal wanted to estrange the Turks from his family and cause animosity between him and the masses in order to remove him. However, Mustafa Kemal’s retirement from political activity did not give him any excuse over him. So many people disapproved of the Sultan’s hostility towards Mustafa Kemal.

Bayan da Damad Farid ya kafa gwamnati, kuma bayan da Turawan Ingila suka nuna amincewarsu da ita, tsoron Sarki ya karu, ya kuma yi tunanin cewa ba zai iya kiyaye kujerarsa ba sai da taimakon Biritaniya.

Once Damad Farid had formed the government, and once the British showed their approval of it, the fears of the Sultan increased and he thought that he could not maintain his throne without the help of Britain.

Haka ya kasance yana ganin Damad Farid a matsayin babban abokin tafiya kuma mai goyon bayansa.

Thus he used to see in Damad Farid a major ally and supporter of his.

Sarki da Damad sun yi amfani da duk hanyoyin da za su iya don faranta wa Ingilishawa rai.

The Sultan and Damad exhausted all possible means to please the British.

Sun kafa wata ƙungiya wadda suka sanya wa suna "Abokan Birtaniya", gwamnati kuma ta goyi bayan wannan ƙungiya ta kowace hanya. Ita kuwa Birtaniya ta ba ta kuɗi mai yawa na zinariya mai jan hankali. Sai dai talakawa, da yawancin matasa da jami'an soja, sun kasance suna raina Birtaniya kuma suna ɗauke da ƙiyayya ga 'yan mamaya.

They established an association which they named “Friends of Britain”, and the government backed this association with all means. The British for their part copiously financed it with tempting gold. However, the common people, and the majority of the youth and army officers used to despise the British and to harbour malice against the occupiers.

Saboda haka, Sarki da Firayim Ministansa sun mika kansu gaba daya cikin runguma da Turawan Ingila, suka dogara da su gaba daya. Turawan Ingila a lokacin sun riga sun nada Babban Kwamishina a Istanbul domin ya tafiyar da al'amuran siyasar kasar, tare da Janar Harrington na Ingila, Babban Kwamandan rundunonin kawance. Don haka suka fara gaya wa Sarki ra'ayoyinsu, suna sarrafa shi yadda suka ga dama.

Therefore, the Sultan and his Prime Minister threw themselves completely into the embrace of the British and they fully relied upon them. The British had by then appointed a High Commissioner in Istanbul in order to run the political affairs of the country, alongside the British General Harrington, the Commander in Chief of the allied forces. Hence, they started dictating their opinions to the Sultan and manipulating him at will.

Saboda haka, ya rasa ikonsa na zartarwa, ya zama kamar fursuna.

Consquently, he lost his effective authority and became like a prisoner.

Ainihin iko ya koma hannun ƙawayen, ko kuma a takamaimai, hannun Birtaniya kaɗai, waɗanda Babban Kwamishinan Birtaniya da Janar Harrington suka wakilta.

The effective authority fell into the hands of the allies, or more specifically in the hands of the British alone, who were represented by the British High Commissioner and General Harrington.

Haka kuma Birtaniya ta so ta haifar da gibin siyasa a ƙasar, domin ta cike shi da kanta yadda take so. A fili, sun bar al'amuran siyasar ƙasar a hannun mutanenta su tafiyar da su, yayin da suka tura wakilansu su gudanar da ayyukan siyasa. Sannan suka tsaya a bayan fage suna haifar da hargitsi da rashin zaman lafiya a siyasance a ƙasar, don su nuna rashin iyawar 'yan ƙasar wajen mulkin ƙasar, ta haka suka jawo gibin siyasa. Wannan kuwa saboda gibi yana nufin rashin iya aiki da rashin iya jurewa; a takaice, yana nufin akwai ƙarfi, amma wannan ƙarfin ba ya bayyana a yadda ya kamata ba, kuma ba shi da ƙarfin da ya dace.

Furthermore, the British wanted to generate a political vacuum in the country so that they could fill it themselves as they wished. On the surface, they left the political matters of the country to be run by her own people while they pushed their agents into undertaking the political activities. Then they stood behind the scenes and generated in the country turmoil and political instability, in order to highlight the inability of the locals to govern the country, thereby causing a political vacuum. This is so because the vacuum means the inability to act and the inability to persevere; in other words it means that there is a force, but this force does not manifest itself in its appropriate form and with an adequate capability.

Wannan gurbi zai iya kasancewa na siyasa, na soja, ko na dabaru.

The vacuum could either be political, military or strategic.

Gurbin siyasa yana faruwa ne idan jiha ta kasance cikin rashin kwanciyar hankali, ba ta da daidaito, kuma ta nutse cikin damuwa da rashin zaman lafiyar siyasa. A wannan yanayi, ya zama wajibi a cike wannan gurbi ta hanyar ba jihar iko da damar yin aiki da dorewa. Bayan da Turawan Ingila suka mamaye Daular Usmaniyya, sun takaita ta zuwa yankin Turkiyya, suka bar ta da alhakin tsara manufofin kasar da kula da al'amuran kasar.

The political vacuum occurs when the state is unstable, uncoordinated and plunged into disquiet and political instability. It becomes imperative in this case to fill this vacuum by giving the state the power and the ability to function and persevere. Having occupied the Ottoman State, the British confined her to the Turkish region and left her in charge of the country’s policies and of looking after the country’s affairs.

Don haka aka samar da wani ƙarfin siyasa a cikin ƙasar, amma sai suka aiwatar da jerin ayyuka da aka tsara don hana wannan ƙarfin bayyana a cikin tsari mai dacewa da ƙarfin iko da ya isa; sannan kuma don su sa shi ya kasa ɗaukar nauyin gwamnati, ya kasa jurewa. Saboda haka, suka ci gaba da dabarar su ta rushe majalisa don haifar da damuwa da rashin kwanciyar hankali.

So a political force in the country was generated, but they undertook a host of actions designed to prevent this force from appearing in a suitable form and an adequate capability; also to make it unable to shoulder the responsibility of government and unable to persevere. Hence, they went ahead with their trick to dissolve parliament in order to generate disquiet and instability.