Babu wanda yake da ikon yin tasiri a kan Daular Usmaniyya har ya sa ta janye daga yaƙin ko ta yi sulhu daban da ita, sai manyan hafsoshin soja masu tasiri. Sauran kuwa ba su da matsayin da za su iya yin komai. Dangane da waɗannan maciya amana daga cikin Larabawa waɗanda suka haɗa kai da Turawan Ingila da Faransa, ba su kai matsayin 'yan siyasa ba, kuma ubangijansu - Turawan Ingila da Faransa - ba su yi tsammanin za su yi tasiri a kan Daular ba. Aikinsu shi ne yin leƙen asiri a kan Daular da kuma aikata ayyukan ɓarna a kanta. Ko babban maci amanar nan, Al-Sharif Hussein ibn Ali, bai da ƙarfin da zai iya yin wani tasiri a kan Daular.

No person was in a position to influence the Ottoman State and make her withdraw from the war or hold a separate peace with her apart from the influential army officers. As for the others, they were not in a position to do anything. As for those traitors from among the Arabs who collaborated with the British and the French, they did not rise to the level of the politicians, nor did their masters - the British and the French, expect them to influence the State. Their task was to act as spies against the State and to carry out acts of sabotage against her. Even the chief traitor, Al- Sharif Hussein ibn Ali, was too weak to have any influence over the State.

Duk abin da Birtaniyya take so shi ne ta yi amfani da shi wajen ayyukan lalata wa rundunar Musulunci, wato rundunar Daular Usmaniyya, da kuma wajen samar da ra'ayin jama'a a tsakanin sojoji a gare su, don kada Musulmai su ji kiyayya a kansu, su kuma shelanta musu Jihadi wanda Shari'a ta wajabta, la'akari da cewa kafirai ne. Saboda haka, Larabawa ba su ne abin da Kawayen suka fi mayar da hankali a kai ba a lokacin yaƙin wajen ƙoƙarinsu na sa Daular Usmaniyya ta janye daga yaƙin; sun fi mayar da hankalinsu ne a kan jami'an Turkawa.

All that the British wanted, was to use him in acts of sabotage against the Islamic army, the Ottoman army, and in generating a public opinion for them amongst the armed forces, lest the Muslims held feelings of animosity against them and declared on them the Jihad which Shariah commanded, considering that they were Kuffar. Therefore, the Arabs were not the Allies focus of attention during the war in their attempt at making the Ottoman State withdraw from the war, they rather concentrated their attention on the Turkish officers.

Daga cikin Turawan Ottoman akwai jami'ai biyu da aka sani da abubuwa biyu: na farko, ƙiyayyarsu ga Jamusawa da adawarsu da shigar Daular Usmaniyya yaƙin a matsayin abokiyar kawance ga Jamus. Na biyu, burinsu na kwace mulki da kuma ƙoƙarinsu na cimma wannan manufa. Waɗannan jami'ai biyu su ne Jamal Pasha da Mustafa Kemal. Dangane da Mustafa Kemal, ya kasance ƙaramin jami'i wanda ba shi da wani daraja ko kaɗan, duk da cewa yana da hazaka, buri, kuma yana aiki sosai a kan Daular. Shi kuwa Jamal Pasha yana cikin matsayin da zai iya yin tasiri, musamman saboda dukkan Daular Ottoman tana ƙarƙashin mulkin mutum uku: Talat, Firayim Minista, Anwar, Ministan Yaƙi, da Jamal Pasha da kansa, kwamandan rundunar ta huɗu kuma gwamnan Siriya. Saboda haka, ƙawayen (Allies) sun yi ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin Jamal Pasha.

From amongst the Turks two officers were known for: Firstly, their hatred for the Germans and their opposition to the Ottoman States entry into the war as an ally to Germany. Secondly, their ambition to seize power and their endeavour to reach that goal. These two officers were Jamal Pasha and Mustafa Kemal. As for Mustafa Kemal, he was a junior officer with no value whatsoever, although he was clever, ambitious and active against the State. Whereas Jamal Pasha was in a position to be influential, especially because of the fact that the whole of the Ottoman State was governed by three men : Tal’at, the Prime Minister, Anwar, the war minister and Jamal Pasha himself, the commander of the fourth division and governor of Syria. Hence, the Allies attempted to entice Jamal Pasha.

A lokacin yakin Dardanelles (yakin Gallipoli) da kuma bayan faduwarsa, kawancen Allies sun yi kokarin tuntubar Jamal Pasha domin ya tayar da bore a kan Daular Usmaniyya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda Birtaniya ta kai hari Istanbul kuma ta kwace Gallipoli a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1915; sai dai sojojin Usmaniyya sun tare su, suka dakatar da ci gabansu. Don haka ba su iya ci gaba ko mataki daya ba, kuma sun sha asara mai yawa har ta kai ga kwamandan sojojin kawancen, Janar Hamilton, ya tilasta aika wa Lord Kitchener, sakataren yaki na Birtaniya, wasika ta waya a ranar 16 ga Agusta yana neman karin sojoji da harsasai. Bugu da kari, a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, gwamnatin Birtaniya ta cire kwamandan yakin Dardanelles, Janar Hamilton, ta maye gurbinsa da Janar Charles Monro, wanda aka umarce shi da ya binciki yakin Dardanelles. A ranar 28 ga Oktoba, Monro ya isa Dardanelles, kuma tare da hafsoshin janar-janar ya yi nazari kan halin sojojin kawancen a gabar tekun Dardanelles da kewayen gidajen yakin Birtaniya. Daga nan ya rubuta wa majalisar yaki yana ba da shawarar janyewa. Sai dai sakataren yaki Lord Kitchener ya damu da wasikar Monro, don haka ya yanke shawarar tafiya Dardanelles da kansa.

During the Dardanelles campaign (Gallipoli Campaign) and in the wake of its failure, the Allies attempted to contact Jamal Pasha in order for him to revolt against the Ottoman State. This was due to the fact that the British had attacked Istanbul and seized Gallipoli on 25th April 1915; however the Ottoman army had confronted them and halted their progress. Thus they could not advance a single step and they suffered heavy losses to the point that the commander of the allied forces, General Hamilton, was forced to send on 16th August a telegram to Lord Kitchener, the British war secretary, seeking reinforcements and ammunition. Furthermore, on 14th October, the British government dismissed the commander of the Dardanelles campaign, General Hamilton and replaced him with General Charles Monro who was ordered to investigate the Dardanelles campaign. On 28th October, Monro arrived in the Dardanelles and together with the general staff, he studied the situation of the allied forces along the Dardanelles coastline and around the British trenches. He then wrote to the war cabinet recommending evacuation. However the war secretary Lord Kitchener, was disquietened by Monro’s telegram and decided to travel to the Dardanelles himself.

Ya isa wurin a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, ya kuma duba matsayin sojoji a kan gaɓar teku da kewayen ramukan Birtaniya da na Faransa. Ya kai ga ƙarshe cewa dakarun ƙawance za su iya riƙe matsayinsu muddin Turkawa ba su samu manyan bindigogi da harsasai daga Jamus ba, domin hakan zai sa matsayin dakarun ƙawance ya zama mai matuƙar tsanani. Sannan a ranar 1 ga Disamba, dakarun ƙawance suka bar matsayinsu kwatsam. A cikin wannan mawuyacin lokaci da ruɗani, inda suka rikice saboda yakin Dardanelles, ne Ƙawayen suka yi ƙoƙarin tuntuɓar Jamal Pasha su tattauna da shi don ya yi tawaye ga Gwamnatin Usmaniyya. Ga alama dai waɗannan tattaunawa sun gudana yadda ya kamata, kuma Jamal Pasha ya amince da su a ƙa'ida, ya kuma gindaya sharuɗɗansa. Domin a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1915, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Rasha ta aika wa ofisoshin jakadancinta guda biyu a Paris da Roma telegram mai lamba 6391; ga abin da telegram ɗin ya ce: "Labaran da ke isa gare mu daga da'irorin Armeniyawa a Istanbul sun sanar da mu cewa Jamal Pasha yana shirye ya ɗauki mataki na adawa da gwamnatin Istanbul idan an cika sharuɗɗan da ke biye:"

He arrived there on 9th November and inspected the military positions along the coastline and around the British and French trenches. He came to the conclusion that the allied forces could maintain their positions unless the Turks managed to acquire canons and ammunition from Germany, for this would render the allied forces’ position very critical. Then on 1st December, the allied forces suddenly evacuated their positions. It was during this critical period and time of confusion in which they were muddled due to the Dardanelles campaign, that the Allies attempted to contact Jamal Pasha and negotiate with him to rebel against the Ottoman State. It seems that these negotiations did effectively take place and Jamal Pasha agreed in principle and laid down his conditions. For on 26th November 1915, the Russian foreign ministry sent to its two embassies in Paris and Rome telegram No 6391; to quote from the telegram : “The news reaching us from the Armenian circles in Istanbul inform us that Jamal Pasha is willing to undertake a hostile move against the government of Istanbul if the following conditions were met :

1- Cewa ƙasashen ƙawance sun amince da ikon mulkin Daular Usmaniyya, wadda Sarkin Musulmi ke shugabanta, a kan ƙasashen Siriya, Falasdin, Iraƙi, Arabistan, Kilikiya, Armeniya da Kurdistan.

1- That the allied states recognise the sovereignty of the Ottoman State, headed by the Sultan, over the states of Syria, Palestine, Iraq, Arabstan, Kilikia, Armenia and Kurdistan.

2- Cewa sarautar Sultanci za ta koma hannun Ahmed Jamal Pasha, kuma 'ya'yansa da jikokinsa za su gaje ta bayansa.

2- That the Sultanate is assumed by Ahmed Jamal Pasha and that his sons and grand-sons would assume the Sultanate after him.

3- Cewa Ahmed Jamal Pasha zai ɗauki nauyin shelanta cewa Sarki na yanzu da gwamnatinsa fursunoni ne a hannun Jamusawa, kuma ya ayyana yaƙi a kansu.

3- That Ahmed Jamal Pasha would undertake to proclaim that the present Sultan and his government are prisoners in the hands of the Germans, and to declare war on them.

4- Cewa idan Jamal Pasha ya ayyana tawayensa da kuma tafiyarsa don yaƙar gwamnati, to, ƙawayen za su ɗauki alƙawarin samar wa sojojinsa da makamai, abinci da kayan aikin soja da ake buƙata.

4- That in the event of Jamal Pasha declaring his rebellion and his march to fight the government, the Allies would undertake to supply his army with the necessary weapons, food and military equipment.

5- Cewa ƙasashen ƙawance za su ba Jamal Pasha taimakon kuɗi da ake buƙata har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin.

5- That the allied states would offer Jamal Pasha the necessary financial aid till the end of the war.

6- Cewa Jamal Pasha ya amince ya mika mashigin ruwa da Istanbul ga Kawayen.

6- That Jamal Pasha accepts to surrender the straits and Istanbul to the Allies.

7- Cewa Jamal Pasha ya yi alkawarin tabbatar da hanya mai aminci don taimakon Armeniyawa. Wannan shi ne jerin sharuɗɗan da aka ambata a cikin telegram, kuma ga alama Rasha ta yi shawarwari da Birtaniya da Faransa, inda Rasha ta karɓi sharuɗɗan Jamal Pasha, amma Birtaniya da Faransa ba su karɓa ba.

7- That Jamal Pasha undertakes to secure a free route to help the Armenians.” This was the list of conditions mentioned in the telegram and it seems that Russia had negotiated with the British and the French, and while Russia had accepted Jamal Pasha’s terms the British and French did not.

A ranar 12 ga Disamba 1915, Sakataren Na Biyu a ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Rasha ya aika da telegram mai lamba 6130 zuwa jakadan Rasha a Bucharest; ga abin da telegram ɗin ya ce: "Yana yiwuwa a ba Jamal Pasha alkawari game da abin da ya gabatar, kuma idan ya cancanta, muna da ikon samun alkawura daga ƙawayen Ƙawance don ba shi abin da yake so. Sai dai da alama ƙawayen sun ƙi wannan." A ranar 27 ga Disamba 1915, jakadan Rasha a Paris ya aika da telegram zuwa ga gwamnatinsa, inda ya rubuta: "Mun karɓi telegram ɗinku mai lamba 6391, wanda aka kwafa aka mika wa Monsieur Brian, wanda ya nuna sha'awa sosai ga abubuwan da ke cikinsa, kuma ya bayyana cewa zai gabatar da su a gaban majalisar ministoci gobe, kafin lokaci ya ƙure. Ya kuma ce mini a wannan lokaci cewa ko da yake waɗannan sharuɗɗa abin karɓa ne a gare mu, ba su yi daidai da burin Birtaniya ba, kuma za su ƙi su." Daga nan Faransawa suka janye daga karɓar sharuɗɗan. A ranar 29 ga Disamba 1915, jakadan ya aika da wani telegram mai bin telegram ɗinsa na farko. Ga abin da telegram ɗin ya ce: "Abin da na samu labari shi ne cewa ministocin Faransa sun yi tsayin daka sosai wajen adawa da wannan yarjejeniya, har ba su ja baya ba wajen nuna adawarsu." Ya ƙara da cewa: "Abin da yake tabbas shi ne Faransawa suna godiya da wasu daga cikin shawarwarinku, kuma sun san muhimmancin tada tawaye a cikin Daular Usmaniyya."

On 12th December 1915, the Second Chancellor in the Russian foreign ministry sent telegram 6130 to the Russian ambassador to Bucharest; to quote from the telegram : “It is possible to give Jamal Pasha an undertaking about what he proposes and if necessary, we are in a position to secure from the Allies promises to give him what he wants.” However, it seems that the Allies rejected this. On 27th December 1915, the Russian ambassador to Paris sent a telegram to his government in which he wrote : “We are in receipt of your telegram No 6391, a copy of which was passed on to Monsieur Brian who expressed a great deal of interest in its contents and he declared that he would present them before the cabinet tomorrow, before it is too late. He also said to me on this occasion that although these conditions are acceptable to us, they however do not agree with the British ambitions and they would reject them.” Then the French retracted from accepting the conditions. On 29th December 1915 the ambassador sent a telegram appendant to his first telegram. To quote from the telegram : “What I learnt is that the French ministers resisted strongly this agreement to the point that they did not shrink from expressing their objection.” He added : “What is certain is that the French do appreciate some of your proposals and they are aware of the importance to instigate a revolt within the Ottoman Sultanate.

Har ila yau, sun yi imani cewa wannan tawaye zai amfane su sosai a yakin duniya. Sai dai, a cikin shawarwarin da aka gabatar domin tattaunawa da Jamal Pasha, sun ga babu komai face cika burinku na kwace Istanbul da mashigai, ba tare da yin wani tanadi game da ikon Faransa a Gabas ba. Daga baya Burtaniya ta bayyana kin amincewarta na shiga wannan tattaunawa.

They even believe that this revolt would be very useful to them in the world war. However, they do see in the proposals put forward to negotiate with Jamal Pasha nothing but a fulfilment of your ambitions to seize Istanbul and the straits, without making any provisions for the French sovereignty over the East.” The British later declared their rejection to take part in these negotiations.

A ranar 27 ga Janairu 1916, jakadan Rasha a Landan ya aika wa ministan harkokin wajen Rasha a Petersburg wani waya inda ya rubuta: Nicholson ya sanar da ni cewa bayan sake duba lamarin da kuma nazari sosai kan dukkan bangarorinsa, gwamnatin Birtaniya ta ga ya zama wajibi ta daina shiga cikin wadannan tattaunawa, kuma ta watsar da su har abada. Wannan yana nuna cewa shirin kawancen da suka yi na sa Turkiyya ta janye daga yaki, da kuma jan hankalin wasu jami'ai su kwace mulki, yana da tushe.

On 27th January 1916, the Russian ambassador to London sent a telegram to the Russian foreign minister in Petersburg in which he wrote: “Nicholson informed me that having reviewed the issue once again and having closely examined all of its aspects, the British government deem it necessary to desist from taking part in these negotiations and to relinquish them for good.” This indicates that the Allies’ idea to make Turkey withdraw from the war and to entice some of the officers to seize power had its roots.

Duk da haka sun so su raba Daular Usmaniyya gida-gida kuma su soke Khilafah. Tun da ɗaya daga cikin sharuɗɗan Jamal Pasha shi ne a kiyaye haɗin kan ƙasashen Musulunci, aƙalla a matsayin tarayya, kuma ɗaya daga cikin sauran sharuɗɗansa shi ne a kiyaye Khilafah, sai suka ƙi shawararsa suka ki yin shawarwari da shi. Abin da ya dace a yi tunani a kai shi ne cewa dole ne sun ɗauki wasu matakai daban.

They however wanted to dismember the Ottoman State and abolish the Khilafah. Since one of Jamal Pasha’s conditions was to preserve the unity of the Islamic lands, at least as a federation, and as one of his other conditions was to preserve the Khilafah, they rejected his proposal and refused to negotiate with him. It is only natural that they must have undertaken other initiatives.

Dangane da yunkurinsu tare da Sharif na Makkah, Hussein ɗan Ali, waɗannan an san su, amma ba za su iya cimma manufar sa Daular Usmaniyya ta janye daga yaƙin ba. Babu shakka kuma sun yi wasu yunkuri da dama tare da jami'an Turawa da dama. Babu wata alama da ke nuna cewa an yi wasu shawarwari da wani daga cikin Turkawa, amma Ingilishi na da wakilansu a cikin Daular, irin su Arif Pasha, Damad Farid da wasu. Kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, mataimakin jakadan soja na Ingila ya kasance mai aiki sosai, yana yin motsi da alaƙa da yawa, duk ba tare da wani hani ba. Wannan mataimakin jakadan soja ya dawo Istanbul bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, tare da kwamandan sojojin ƙawance, wajen soke Khilafah. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa sosai cewa ya yi alaƙa da lamba da dama, ko da yake babu ɗaya daga cikinsu da ya bayyana.

As for their attempts with the Sharif of Makkah, Hussein ibn Ali, these were known, but they would not have served the purpose of making the Ottoman State withdraw from the war, and undoubtedly, they must have made several other attempts with a host of Turkish officers. There is nothing to indicate that other negotiations did take place with anyone from among the Turks, but the British did have their agents within the State, such as Arif Pasha, Damad Farid and others. Before the First World War, the British military attaché had been very active and used to make many moves and contacts, all with a free hand. This military attaché had returned to Istanbul after the cease-fire was signed and he played a major role, together with the commander of the allied forces, in abolishing the Khilafah. Hence, it is very likely that he had made several contacts and established links, although none of these came to light.

Mustafa Kemal ya kasance wani jami'in soja ƙarami wanda ba a san shi sosai ba lokacin da yaƙin ya ɓarke, duk da cewa an san shi da tunanin Yammaci da tawayensa ga tunanin Musulunci, da kuma karkatarsa ga Turawan Ingila da ƙiyayyarsa ga Jamusawa. Sai bayan ya shiga yaƙin Ana Fort ne sunansa ya fara yaduwa aka yi masa ƙima. Tun daga lokacin ya samu shahara sosai, sunansa ya zama abin yabo, kuma ya zama sananne.

Mustafa Kemal was a little known junior officer when the war broke out, though he was known for his Western thoughts and his rebellion against the Islamic thoughts, and for his inclination towards the British and his hatred for the Germans. It was only after his participation in the battle of Ana Forta that his name became known and celebrated. Since that time, he acquired a wide publicity, his name became celebrated and he became famous.

A cikin bazara na 1915, a farkon shekara ta biyu ta Yakin Duniya na Farko, Jamus ta dakatar da yunkurinta na kwace yankunan Faransa saboda babu Jamus ko Faransa da ta iya cin nasara a kan juna ta samu nasara mai yanke hukunci. Rasha kuwa ta sha wani mummunan kaye a lokacin, wanda ba za ta iya tashi daga cikinsa ba ko ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayarta sai dai idan kasashen Yamma sun yi gaggawar aiki, suka rika aika mata da harsasai da take matukar bukata a kai a kai. Kawayen Yamma sun loda jiragen ruwa domin wannan manufa, amma an kewaye su a Bahar Rum, ba su iya isa Rasha ba. Saboda haka ya zama wajibi a kai hari a kan Istanbul, a bude mashigai domin jiragen su shiga su rika samar wa Rasha kayan yaki a kai a kai. A lokacin, umarnin rundunar sojan Daular Usmaniyya yana hannun Janar Bajamushe Otto Liman von Sanders. Ya bai wa Qaim Qam Mustafa Kemal Beik umarnin wata runduna, kuma a daidai wannan lokaci ne harin kawayen ya faru.

In the spring of 1915, at the beginning of the second year of the World War, Germany halted her attempts at seizing the French territories because neither Germany nor France could defeat one another and achieve a decisive victory. The Russians had meanwhile suffered a severe battering, from which they could not rise again and resume their struggle unless the Western states acted swiftly and supplied Russia on a regular basis with much needed ammunition. The Western Allies loaded ships for this purpose but they were besieged in the Mediterranean and could not reach Russia. Hence it became imperative to launch an attack on Istanbul and open the straits in order to allow the ships to enter and supply Russia on a regular basis. The command of the Ottoman army was at the time in the hands of the German General Otto Liman von Sanders. He had assigned the command of one division to the “Qa’im Qam” Mustafa Kemal Beik and it was at that time that the Allies’ offensive took place.

A ranar 15 ga Afrilu 1915, Birtaniyya ta yi yunkurin kai wani babban hari, bayan an shirya sosai don yaƙi. Sun shiga yaƙin, sojojin Birtaniyya kuma suka sami isa Gallipoli, suka yi nasarar tarwatsa sojojin Usmaniyya. Sakamakon haka, Janar von Sanders ya tilasta cire kwamandan da ke jagorantar yaƙin, ya maye gurbinsa da Qaim Qam Mustafa Kemal, wanda a lokacin har yanzu kanal ne. Mustafa Kemal ya karɓi kwamandan sojojin Usmaniyya kusa da Ana Forta, ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi muhimmanci kusa da Dardanelles. An gwabza yaƙin a kan wani kwari, inda Turkawa ke mamaye kololuwarsa, Birtaniyya kuma suna ƙasa suna ƙoƙarin mamaye ta. Yaƙin ya ci gaba na kwanaki da dama, ba tare da ɗaya daga cikin bangarorin biyu ya samu galaba ba. Yanayin ya ci gaba da kasancewa haka, inda Usmaniyyawa ke riƙe da matsayinsu, Birtaniyya kuma tana riƙe da nata, yayin da faɗan tsakaninsu ke ci gaba.