Maƙircin Ƙasashen Turai Akan Ƙasar Musulunci
The Conspiracies Of The European Countries Against The Islamic State
Duk da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin Kafirai game da rarraba ƙasashen Musulmi, sun yi cikakkiyar yarjejeniya a kan ra'ayin hallaka Musulunci. Sun bi hanyoyi da dama domin cimma wannan manufa. Da farko, sun tada jijiyoyin kishin ƙasa da 'yancin kai a ƙasashen Turai. Sun tsokani mutane gāba da Daular Musulunci, kuma sun ba su makamai da kuɗi domin su yi tawaye a kanta, kamar yadda lamarin ya kasance a Sabiya da Girka. Ta haka ne ƙasashen Turai suka yi ƙoƙarin soka wa Daular Musulunci wuka a baya. Faransa ta mamaye Masar, ta kuma ci ta a watan Yuli na shekara ta 1798, sannan ta nufi Falasdinu ta mamaye ta. Faransa tana so ta mamaye sauran ƙasar Al-Sham domin ta kai wa Daular Musulunci bugun mutuwa, amma an ci ta da yaƙi, daga bisani aka tilasta mata barin Masar, ta kuma mayar da ƙasashen da ta mamaye ga Daular Musulunci.
Despite the differences amongst the Kuffar over the division of the Muslims lands, they were in full agreement of the idea to destroy Islam. They pursued several methods for this purpose. Initially, they aroused the feelings of nationalism and independence in the European countries. They incited people against the Islamic State and they supplied them with weapons and money in order to revolt against it, as was the case in Serbia and Greece. In this way, the European countries tried to stab the Islamic State in the back. France invaded Egypt and occupied it in July 1798, then marched onto Palestine and occupied it. France wanted to occupy the rest of Al-Sham in order to deal the Islamic State the fatal blow, but was however defeated, later being forced to leave Egypt and surrender the lands she had occupied back to the Islamic State.
Haihuwar Wahhabiyawa da Mulkin Saudiyya
The Birth Of The Wahhabis And The Saudi Rule
Birtaniya ta yi yunƙurin murkushe Daular Musulunci daga ciki ta hannun wakilinta Abdul-Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Sa'ud. A lokacin, Wahabiyawa sun samu nasarar kafa wata hukuma a cikin Daular Musulunci, wadda Muhammad ibn Sa'ud ya jagoranta, daga baya kuma ɗansa Abdul-Aziz. Birtaniya ta ba su makamai da kuɗi, sai suka ci gaba da kwace filayen Musulmi da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Khalifanci bisa tushen rarrabuwar mazhaba.
Britain had attempted through her agent Abdul-Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Saud to strike the Islamic State from within. The Wahhabis by then had managed to establish an entity within the Islamic State, led by Muhammad ibn Saud and later by his son Abdul-Aziz. Britain supplied them with weapons and money and they moved on a sectarian basis to seize the Islamic lands which were under the authority of the Khilafah.
Sun ɗauki makamai a kan Khaleefah, suka yi yaƙi da rundunar sojojin Musulunci (sojojin Amir ul-Mumineen), a koyaushe Ingilishi na tura su tare da ba su goyon baya. Wahhabawa suna son kwace ƙasashen da Khaleefah ke mulki domin su yi mulkin waɗannan ƙasashe bisa ga Mathhabin su (makarantar fikihu), tare da murƙushe duk sauran Mathahib na Musulunci da suka saɓa da nasu da karfi. Saboda haka, suka kai hari Kuwait suka mamaye ta a 1788, sannan suka yi gaba zuwa arewa har suka kewaye Baghdad. Suna son kwace Karbalaa da kabarin Al-Hussein (Allah ya yarda da shi), domin su rushe shi kuma su hana ziyartarsa. Sa'an nan a 1803, suka ƙaddamar da hari a kan Makkah suka mamaye ta. A bazara ta 1804, Madinah ta faɗa ƙarƙashin ikonsu. Suka rushe manyan kubbobin da ke inuwantar da kabarin Manzon Allah ﷺ, suka kwashe duk duwatsu masu daraja da kayan ado masu tsada. Bayan sun kammala mamaye dukan Al-Hijaz, sai suka nufi Al-Sham. A kusa da Hims a 1810, suka kai hari Dimashƙu a karo na biyu, kuma suka kai hari Al-Najaf. Dimashƙu ta kare kanta da jarumta da daraja. Sai dai yayin da suke kewaye Dimashƙu, Wahhabawa sun juya arewa a lokaci guda suka bazar da ikonsu a mafi yawan ƙasashen Siriya har zuwa Aleppo. Sanannen abu ne cewa wannan yaƙin Wahhabawa Ingilishi ne ya ƙarfafa shi, domin Al Saud wakilan Ingila ne. Sun yi amfani da Mathhabin Wahhabi, wanda Musulunci ne kuma wanda wanda ya kafa shi mujtahidi ne, cikin ayyukan siyasa da nufin yaƙar Daular Musulunci da karo da sauran Mathahib, domin tayar da yaƙe-yaƙen ɗariƙanci a cikin daular Usmaniyya.
They took up arms against the Khaleefah and fought the Islamic armed forces (the army of the Amir ul-Mumineen), all the time goaded and supplied by the British. The Wahhabis wanted to seize the lands ruled by the Khaleefah in order to rule these lands according to their Mathhab (school of thought), and suppress all the other Islamic Mathahib that differed from theirs by force. Hence, they raided Kuwait and occupied it in 1788, then marched northwards until they besieged Baghdad. They wanted to seize Karbalaa and the tomb of Al-Hussein (may Allah be pleased with him) to destroy it and ban the visiting of it. Then in 1803, they launched an attack on Makkah and occupied it. In the spring of 1804, Madinah fell under their control. They destroyed the huge domes which used to shade the grave of the Messenger of Allah (saw) and stripped them of all the gems and precious ornaments. Having completed their seizure of the whole of Al-Hijaz, they marched on towards Al-Sham. Nearing Hims in 1810 they attacked Damascus for a second time and they also attacked Al-Najaf. Damascus defended itself bravely and gloriously. However while besieging Damascus, the Wahhabis moved at the same time to the north and spread their authority over most of the Syrian lands as far as Aleppo. It was a well known fact that this Wahhabi campaign was instigated by the British, for Al Saud were British agents. They exploited the Wahhabi Mathhab, which was Islamic and whose founder was a Mujtahid, in political activities with the aim of fighting the Islamic State and clashing with the other Mathahib, in order to incite sectarian wars within the Ottoman state.
Makircin Birtaniya Akan Daular Musulunci
The British Conspiracy Against The Islamic State
Amincin da Al Saud suka yi wa Turawan Ingila da biyayyar da suka nuna musu sun kasance abin da aka sani sosai ga daular Khilafah da kuma manyan kasashe kamar Jamus, Faransa da Rasha. Haka kuma an san cewa Ingila ce ke jagorantar su.
The brokerage and loyalty of Al Saud to the British was a well known matter to the Khilafah state and to the major powers such as Germany, France and Russia. It was also known that they were steered by the British.
Ingila da kansu ba su taɓa ɓoye gaskiyar cewa suna goyon bayan Saudiyawa a matsayinsu na ƙasa ba. Haka kuma, manyan makamai da kayan aiki da suka isa gare su ta Indiya, da kuɗin da aka yi amfani da su wajen ɗaukar nauyin yaƙin da kuma samar da kayan aiki ga sojoji, duk makaman Birtaniya ne da kuɗin Birtaniya. Saboda haka, sauran ƙasashen Turai, musamman Faransa, sun yi adawa da yaƙin Wahhabiyawa, domin an ɗauke shi a matsayin yaƙin Birtaniya. Daular Khilafah ta yi ƙoƙarin murkushe Wahhabiyawa amma bai yi nasara ba, kuma Walisoshinta a Madina da Baghdad sun kasa kange su. Saboda haka ta umarci Walinta a Masar, Muhammad Ali, da ya aika da runduna ta musamman don magance su. Da farko ya yi jinkiri. Lallai shi ɗan leƙen asirin Faransa ne, kuma Faransa ce ta taimaka masa wajen shirya juyin mulki a Masar da kwace mulki, sannan ta tilasta wa Khilafah ta amince da shi. Don haka, bisa yarjejeniyar Faransa da ƙarfafa ta, Muhammad Ali ya amsa buƙatun Sarkin Musulmi a shekarar 1811 ya aika ɗansa Tosson ya yaƙi Wahhabiyawa.
The British themselves never used to conceal the fact that they supported the Saudis as a state. Furthermore, the huge arsenals and equipment which reached them via India and the finance to cover the war effort and to equip the armed forces were but British weapons and money. Therefore, the other European countries, especially France, were opposed to the Wahhabi campaign for it was considered a British campaign. The Khilafah State had tried to strike the Wahhabis but to no avail, and her Walis in Madinah and Baghdad were unable to curb them. As a result she instructed her Wali in Egypt Muhammad Ali, to dispatch a task force to deal with them. He hesitated at first. Indeed he was a French agent, and it was France who had helped him stage the coup in Egypt and seize power, then forced the Khilafah to recognise him. So on the basis of Frances agreement and incitement, Muhammad Ali responded to the Sultans demands in 1811 and dispatched his son Tosson to fight the Wahhabis.
An yi yaƙe-yaƙe da dama tsakanin sojojin Masar da Wahhabawa, kuma sojojin Masar sun samu nasarar cin birnin Madinah a shekarar 1812. Daga nan a shekarar 1816, Muhammad Ali ya aika ɗansa Ibrahim daga Alkahira, wanda ya murkushe Wahhabawa har suka koma babban birninsu, Al-Diriyyah, suka ƙarfafa kansu a can. Bayan haka, Ibrahim ya kewaye su a watan Afrilu na shekarar 1818. Kewayen ya ci gaba a duk tsawon lokacin bazara har zuwa ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1818.
Yunkurin Faransa na Kai wa Ƙungiyar Daular Musulunci Hari
France's Attempt At Hitting The Islamic State
Faransa ta yi ƙoƙarin kai wa Daular Musulunci hari daga baya ta hannun wakilinta Muhammad Ali, Wali na Masar. Faransa ta goyi bayansa a fili, a ƙasashen duniya da kuma a siyasance, sai ya ware kansa daga Khaleefah ya shelanta yaƙi da shi. Ya nufi Al-Sham a shekara ta 1831 da niyyar cin ta. Ya mamaye Falasdinu, Lebanon da Siriya, ya fara shiga Anatoliya. Sai dai Khaleefah ya aika da runduna mai ƙarfi don yaƙar sa. Birtaniya, Rasha da jihohin Jamus biyu sun juya wa Muhammad Ali baya. A watan Yuli na shekara ta 1840, Birtaniya, Rasha da jihohin Jamus biyu suka kulla abin da aka sani da "Ƙawancen Huɗu", wanda bisa ga shi waɗannan ƙasashe za su yi alƙawarin kare haɗin kan Daular Usmaniyya, da tilasta wa Muhammad Ali, idan ya zama dole da ƙarfi, ya miƙa Siriya. Wannan matsayin da ƙasashen Turai suka ɗauka ya juya yanayin ƙasa da ƙasa a amfanin Khaleefah. Ya taimaka wajen tsayayya da Muhammad Ali da korar sa daga Siriya, Falasdinu da Lebanon. Muhammad Ali ya koma Masar, inda ya amince ya zama Wali a ƙarƙashin ikon Khaleefah.
France then attempted to strike the Islamic State from the back through her agent Muhammad Ali, the Wali of Egypt. France openly supported him internationally and politically, and he broke away from the Khaleefah and declared war against it. He marched towards Al-Sham in 1831 with the aim of conquering it. He occupied Palestine, Lebanon and Syria and started to infiltrate Anatolia. However, the Khaleefah dispatched a strong army to fight him. Britain, Russia and two of the German states turned against Muhammad Ali. In July 1840, Britain, Russia and two German states held what became known as the "Quadrilateral Alliance", according to which these states would undertake to defend the unity of the Ottoman State and to oblige Muhammad Ali, by force if necessary, to surrender Syria. This stand taken by the European countries turned the international situation in favour of the Khaleefah. It helped to resist Muhammad Ali and drive him out of Syria, Palestine and Lebanon. Muhammad Ali returned to Egypt whereupon he accepted to be a Wali under the authority of the Khaleefah.