Ya bayyana cewa Birtaniya ba ta kira taron zaman lafiya na ƙarshe ba sai da ta kammala dukan dabarunta da kuma cimma sakamakon da take so. Idan aka duba dukan ayyukan da aka aiwatar a Turkiyya kaɗai tun daga lokacin yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ta Mondros har zuwa taron farko na Lausanne, ya bayyana cewa Ingilishi sun taka rawar da ta fi ƙazanta da matuƙar wayo domin rushe Khilafah. Janar Harrington na Birtaniya shi ne Babban Kwamandan rundunonin ƙawance da suka mamaye ƙasashen Turkiyya, kuma yana da cikakken iko a kan Istanbul da dukan ƙasashen Turkiyya.

It seems that Britain did not call for the final peace conference until she had finished all her manoeuvres and achieved the results that she had wanted. By reviewing all the actions undertaken in Turkey alone since the holding of the Mondros truce, up until the first conference of Lausanne, it appears that the British had played with utmost shrewdness the dirtiest of roles in order to destroy the Khilafah. The British General Harrington was the Commander in Chief of the Allied armies occupying the Turkish lands and he was in total control of Istanbul and all the Turkish lands.

Turkiyya a lokacin ta riga ta rabu da sauran kasashen Musulunci. Saboda haka, damar aiwatar da abin da suka kasance suna boyewa a zukatansu ta zama mai kyau. Ayyukansu sun mayar da hankali kan rusa Khilafah da raba kawayen - Faransa, Italiya da Girka, daga Turkiyya.

Turkey by then had already been severed from the rest of the Islamic lands. Hence, the prospect of undertaking what they had been harbouring had become favourable. Their activities were focused on destroying the Khilafah and alienating the allies - France, Italy and Greece, from Turkey.

Sai suka fara shirya dabarunsu, a lokaci guda suna sane da cewa waɗannan ayyuka guda biyu, na rushe Khilafah da raba kan abokan kawance, ba za su zama abu mai sauƙi ba.

So they proceeded to initiate their manoeuvres while realising that these two tasks, of destroying the Khilafah and alienating the allies was not going to be an easy ride.

Saboda haka, sun ci gaba da aikata wannan abu cikin matuƙar mugunta da dabara. Matakin keɓe ƙawayen Khilafah ya kasance gwamnatin Birtaniya ce ta ɗauki nauyinsa ta hanyoyin siyasa da diflomasiyya iri-iri, da motsi na ƙasashen duniya da na soja, da kuma ta hanyar tada yaƙin cikin gida, wanda ita ma ta yi amfani da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin rushe Khilafah. Dangane da matakin rushe Khilafah kuwa, gwamnatin Birtaniya ce ta aiwatar da shi ta hanyar ayyuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasar Turkiyya kanta, inda aka yi amfani da janar-janar biyu na Birtaniya, Harrington da Wilson, wajen aiwatar da shi, baya ga waɗannan hanyoyin siyasa da motsi na ƙasashen duniya. Mustafa Kemal ne mutumin da ya taimaka a wannan mugun aiki, kuma da ba don shi ba, da makircinsu zai gaza.

Therefore, they proceeded with the utmost malice and shrewdness. The process of secluding the allies was assumed by the British government through various political and diplomatic styles, international and military manoeuvring and through flaring up a domestic war, which she also used as one of the means to destroy the Khilafah. As for the process of destroying the Khilafah, this was carried out by the British government through direct actions inside Turkey itself , with the two British Generals, Harrington and Wilson being used to execute it, in addition to these political styles and international manoeuvres. Mustafa Kemal was the man who aided in this horrific role, and had it not been for him their conspiracies would have been doomed to failure.

Har ila yau, ana ganin cewa akwai wasu ƙananan mutane sanannu daga cikin Birtaniyya waɗanda suka aikata abubuwa da yawa kai tsaye a cikin yankunan Turkiyya kansu. Ya bayyana cewa Kyaftin H.S. Armstrong, duk da cewa jami'i ne wanda ba a san shi ba kuma mai matsayi ƙasa, ya kasance yana aiwatar da wasu ayyuka a lokacin. Kafin Yakin Duniya na Farko, ya kasance Jami'in Soja na Birtaniyya a Istanbul, kuma a lokacin yaƙin, an kama shi a matsayin fursuna tare da dukan rundunar sojan rukuni na shida. A lokacin zaman gidan yari, ya nemi ganawa da Anwar Pasha. Buƙatarsa ta ba da mamaki, domin Anwar Pasha a lokacin shi ne Ministan Yaki kuma dukan ƙasar tana ƙarƙashin ikonsa. Ga fursuna ɗan Birtaniya ya nemi ganawa da shi abu ne mai ban mamaki. Duk da haka Anwar ya gana da shi, kuma an yi doguwar tattaunawa tsakaninsu, wadda ta ƙare da Anwar ya ba da umarnin a sanya shi a keɓaɓɓen ɗaki a matsayin hukunci.

It appears also that there were other little renowned men from among the British who performed a host of direct actions inside the Turkish territories themselves. It seems that Captain H.S. Armstrong, although he was an unknown and low ranking officer, was nevertheless undertaking certain actions at the time. Just before the First World War, he was the British Military Attaché in Istanbul, and during the war, he was taken prisoner along with the whole of the sixth army division. During his imprisonment, he requested a meeting with Anwar Pasha. His request was astonishing, for Anwar Pasha was at the time the War Minister and the whole country was under his control. For a British prisoner to request a meeting with him was extraordinary. Nonethless Anwar met him and a long conversation took place between them, which ended with Anwar ordering that he should be placed in solitary confinement as a punishment.

Ba a taɓa sanin abin da ya sa Anwar ya yi fushi da wannan fursuna ba; sai dai an ce ya yi ƙoƙarin kaddamar da yaƙin jijiyoyi a kan Anwar, kuma ya zagi shi ko gwamnatin ƙasa, don haka aka hukunta shi. Sai dai da alama wannan fursuna yana cikin tuntuɓa da wasu daga cikin jami'an soja, domin kafin ƙarshen yaƙin ya tsere daga kurkuku ya koma wajen sojojin Birtaniya. Ba a taɓa sanin wanda ya taimake shi ya tsere ba. Jim kaɗan bayan ƙarewar yaƙin, gwamnatin Birtaniya ta mayar da shi Istanbul, kuma hukumomin Birtaniya masu mamaya suka ba shi jerin ayyukan hukuma. Ya zauna a can shekaru da dama, a lokacin yana tuntuɓar Turkawa baki ɗaya da Mustafa Kemal musamman, kuma ya shaida dukkan matakan da aka ɗauka don kawar da Khilafah. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa sosai cewa yana cikin waɗanda suka haɗa baki da Mustafa Kemal a ƙoƙarinsa na rushe Khilafah.

It never became known what caused Anwar to become angry with this prisoner; however, it is said that he attempted to initiate a war of nerves against Anwar and that he insulted him or the state, thus leading to his punishment. However, it seems that this prisoner was in fact in contact with some of the army officers, for before the end of the war he escaped from prison and returned to the British forces. It never became known who helped him escape. No sooner had the war ended than the British government dispatched him back to Istanbul and the British occupying authorities delegated to him a host of official duties. He remained there for several years, during which time he was in direct contact with the Turks in general and with Mustafa Kemal in particular, and he witnessed all the moves undertaken to remove the Khilafah. Hence, it is very likely that he was from among those who colluded with Mustafa Kemal in his endeavour to destroy the Khilafah.

Amma, babban rawar an ba Harrington, domin shi ne Kwamanda-Janar kuma yana da cikakken iko kan dukkan al'amura. Da alama lokacin da Mustafa Kemal yake taka rawarsa, babban hulɗarsa ita ce da Harrington. Turawan Ingila sun ɗauki Harrington a matsayin mafi girman hukuma a Turkiyya, kuma akwai tarin sanarwa na hukuma da ke nuna rawar da ya taka a Turkiyya.

However, the principal role was assigned to Harrington, for he was the Commander in Chief and he was in total control of all affairs. It seems that when Mustafa Kemal was playing his role, his main contact was with Harrington. The British considered Harrington as the supreme authority in Turkey and there exists a host of official statements highlighting his role in Turkey.

A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1924, Laftanar-Kanar Dalemass ya yi jawabi ga Majalisar Commons yana cewa: Sunan Birtaniya a gabas ya rikice. Sannan ya kara da cewa: Birtaniya ba ta kamata ta tsoma baki a cikin batun Armeniyawa ba, kuma ya ambaci wasiku da dama da suka isa gare shi daga Armeniyawa suna bayyana cewa suna son zaman lafiya tare da Turawan Osmanli.

On 25th February 1924, Lieutenant-Colonel Dalemass addressed the Commons by saying: “Britain’s reputation in the east is muddled.” He then added: “Britain should not interfere in the Armenian issue”, and referred to many letters reaching him from the Armenians stating that they wished to live with the Turks in peace.

Bisa wannan, Charles Bate ya amsa da cewa: Yanayin Turkawa a gare mu abokantaka ne sosai, kuma ayyukanmu a can suna samun nasara sosai. Ya dogara da amsoshinsa ne a kan bayanan da suka isa gare shi daga Sir Charles Harrington, amma bai bayyana yanayin wannan bayani ba. A ranar 24 ga Maris, 1940, kwana biyu bayan mutuwar Harrington, jaridar Times ta rubuta wani labari wanda ya ambaci abubuwa kamar haka: Bayan shan kayen Helenawa a hannun Turkawa a shekarar 1921, Babban Kwamandan sojojin ƙawancen, Sir Harrington, an ba shi faffadan iko don haɗin kai da Mustafa Kemal. Sai dai ba a ambaci yanayin wannan haɗin kai ba. Jaridar ta ƙara da cewa: Shiga harkokin siyasar Harrington ya ɓoye ƙudurinsa da azamarsa ta cimma burace-buracensa, kuma ya cancanci hakan. Tare da wannan faffadan iko na haɗin kai da Mustafa Kemal, matakin ƙarshe na warware lamarin da kuma kai wa Khilafah mugun bugu ya fara. Bayan an yi yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta a watan Yuli na 1922, aka fitar da Helenawa, sannan bayan fitar da Faransawa da Italiyawa, ƙasar ta kuɓuta daga dukkan sojojin ƙasashen waje, sai dai sojojin Birtaniya. Saboda haka Harrington ya zama shi kaɗai mai tafiyar da al'amura, kuma ƙarfin Mustafa Kemal, tare da tasirinsa da shahararsa a faɗin ƙasar baki ɗaya, ya kai kololuwarsa. A wannan lokaci, gwamnatin Istanbul gwamnati ce ta suna kawai, wadda ba ta da wani hannu a kowane al'amari, domin cikakken iko yana hannun gwamnatin Ankara, ko a al'amuran cikin gida kamar aiwatar da dokoki, sarrafa rundunonin soja da kula da dukkan harkokin ƙasa, ko a al'amuran waje kamar dangantaka da sauran ƙasashe da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyoyi.

Upon this Charles Bate replied: “The feeling of the Turks towards us is very friendly and our actions there are very successful.” He was basing his answers on the information that had reached him from Sir Charles Harrington, but he did not disclose the nature of this information. On 24th March 1940, two days after the death of Harrington, the Times newspaper wrote an article in which it mentioned the following: “In the wake of the Greeks’ defeat by the Turks in 1921, the allied forces Commander in Chief Sir Harrington was given wide powers to cooperate with Mustafa Kemal.” However, the nature of this cooperation was not mentioned. The paper added: “Harrington’s flirtation with politics concealed his resoluteness and determination to achieve his ambitions, and he was worthy of this.” With these wide powers to cooperate with Mustafa Kemal, the final phase to settle the issue and deal the Khilafah the fatal blow had started. After the holding of the truce in July 1922, the evacuation of the Greeks and after the evacuation of the French and the Italians, the country was rid of all the foreign garrisons, apart from the British garrison. Accordingly Harrington became the sole operator, and the force of Mustafa Kemal with his influence and popularity throughout the whole country had reached their peak. Meanwhile, the Istanbul government was a nominal government that had no say in matters whatsoever, for the full authority was in the hands of the Ankara government, whether pertaining domestic matters such as the execution of laws, controlling the armed forces and supervising all the state’s affairs, or pertaining foreign matters such as relations with other states and signing of treaties.

Sarkin Musulmi, a wannan lokacin, yana cikin fadarsa yana cikin babban damuwa, ba tare da samun wanda zai saurare shi ba. Turawan Ingila suna nuna tausayi gare shi, suna jin kansa. Hakika, suna ba shi kudi lokaci-lokaci, bayan baitulmalin ya kare kuma kudinsa sun kare. Don haka yana karbar kudi daga gare su a matsayin kyauta, watau a matsayin sadaka daga gare su. A cikin wannan yanayi da ake ciki a Turkiyya ne kasashen kawance, Ingila, Faransa da Italiya, suka aika gayyata zuwa gwamnatin Ankara da kuma wata gayyata zuwa gwamnatin Sarki a Istanbul domin halartar taron Lausanne don sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. Wannan ya kasance a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1922. Wannan gayyatar zuwa gwamnatoci biyu a cikin kasar ta haifar da fushi a Majalisar Kasa, don haka yunkurin kai tsaye na soke Khilafah ya fara, kuma gwagwarmaya a kansa ma ta fara.

The Sultan meanwhile was in his palace experiencing a great deal of anguish, without finding anyone to listen to him. The British used to display sympathy towards him and pity him. Indeed, they used to give him money from time to time, after the treasury became empty and he had run out of funds. So he used to receive money from them as a gift, i.e. as a charity from them. It was amidst this status quo in Turkey, that the allied states Britain, France and Italy sent an invitation to the Ankara government and another invitation to the Sultan’s government in Istanbul to attend the Lausanne conference in order to sign the peace treaty. This was on 17th October 1922. This invitation of the two governments in the country was met with anger by the National Assembly, thus the direct attempt at abolishing the Khilafah had started and the struggle over it had also started.

Majlisin Ƙasa, watau majalisar Mustafa Kemal, ta yi fushi da waɗannan wasannin, wato gayyatar gwamnatocin Turkiyya guda biyu zuwa taron zaman lafiya; Majalisar Ƙasa tana so ta kawo ƙarshen wannan hali tare da kuɓutar da ƙasar daga mulkin biyu. Majalisar Ƙasa tana so ta daidaita lissafi, kuma wasu daga cikin 'yan majalisa sun ba da shawarar a yi murabus ga gwamnatin Istanbul, a kafa sabuwar gwamnati ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mustafa Kemal har abada.

The National Assembly, i.e. the assembly of Mustafa Kemal - was unhappy about these games, that is the invitation of two Turkish governments to attend the peace conference; the National Assembly wanted to put an end to this situation and rid the country from its dual rule. The National Assembly wanted to settle the score, and some of the deputies suggested the resignation of the Istanbul government and the establishment of a new government headed by Mustafa Kemal for life.

Yayin da Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa ke muhawara kan wannan batu, Mustafa Kemal yana Izmir, amma yana bin labaran muhawarorin da ke gudana sosai.

Whilst the National Assembly was debating this issue Mustafa Kemal was in Izmir, but he was closely following the news of the current debates.

Majalisar ta tuntube shi sau biyu don tattaunawa da shi kan batun taron zaman lafiya da ke tafe, amma ya amsa da neman afuwa saboda ba zai iya halarta ba, yana mai cewa ayyukansa na soja sun riƙe shi a Izmir. Bisa wannan, Rauf da wasu ɗimbin 'yan siyasa suka haɗu da shi a Izmir don neman ra'ayinsa kan yadda sabuwar gwamnatin Turkiyya ya kamata ta kasance, domin ba zai yiwu a sami gwamnatoci biyu ba: ɗaya gwamnatin rikon kwarya mai iko da cibiyarta a Ankara, ɗayar kuma gwamnati ta suna a babban birni, wadda Sarki da majalisar ministocinsa ke jagoranta. Suka ba Mustafa Kemal shawarar haɗa gwamnatocin biyu zuwa gwamnati ɗaya, inda Khalifa zai zama Sarki mai bin kundin tsarin mulki, Mustafa Kemal kuma ya zama Firayim Minista.

The Assembly contacted him twice to discuss with him the issue of the forthcoming peace conference, but he replied with apologies for not being able to attend claiming that his military duties are holding him in Izmir. Upon this Ra’uf and a host of politicians joined him in Izmir to seek his opinion on how the new government in Turkey should be, for it was inconceivable to have two governments, one being an interim government in authority with Ankara as its centre and the other an official nominal government in the capital, headed by the Sultan and his ministerial cabinet. They suggested to Mustafa Kemal the merger of the two governments into one single government, with the Khalifah becoming a constitutional Sultan and Mustafa Kemal becoming the Prime Minister.

Amma shi bai amsa wannan shawara ba, sai suka fara zargin manufarsa. Rauf ya ci gaba da matsa masa da jerin tambayoyi, har ƙarshe Mustafa Kemal ya yi alkawarin haduwa da shi a Ankara.

He, however, did not reply to this proposal and they began to suspect his intentions. Ra’uf continued to press him with a series of questions and finally Mustafa Kemal promised to meet him in Ankara.

Bisa haka, Majalisar Dokoki ta taru kuma 'yan majalisa sun yi muhawara kan lamarin. Magoya bayan Mustafa Kemal sun ce: Me gwamnatin babban birnin ta yi don ceton Turkiyya? Turkiyya tana da gwamnati guda ɗaya, wato gwamnatin Ankara, kuma yawancin 'yan majalisa suna ba da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Istanbul ta yi murabus, Mustafa Kemal ya kafa sabuwar gwamnati, kuma Khaleefah ya zama Sarki mai bin tsarin mulki. A cikin wannan muhawara mai zafi da yanayin baƙin ciki da ya mamaye Majalisar, Mustafa Kemal ya hau dandali ya roƙi 'yan majalisa su kula da shi. Sai ya ba da shawarar raba Sarautar Sultanate da Khilafah, ta haka za a soke Sultanate kuma a cire Wahid-ud-Deen. A wannan lokaci hatsarin da ke barazana ga Khilafah ya bayyana sarai, hayaniya kuma ta ƙaru sosai. Saboda haka, Mustafa Kemal, tare da goyon bayan mabiyansa takwas na kusa, ya nemi a yi zaɓen kuri'a nan take; amma Majalisar ta mayar da al'amarin ga kwamitin harkokin waje don yin nazari a kansa.

Consequently, the National Assembly convened and the deputies debated the issue. Mustafa Kemal’s supporters said: “What did the capital’s government do to salvage Turkey? Turkey has one single government, that is the government of Ankara, and the majority of the deputies suggest that the Istanbul government should resign and that Mustafa Kemal should form the new government, and that the Khaleefah should become a constitutional Sultan.” Amidst such heated debate and the gloomy atmosphere which engulfed the Assembly, Mustafa Kemal took to the podium and requested the deputies to pay attention to him. He then suggested the separation between the Sultanate and the Khilafah, thereby abolishing the Sultanate and removing Wahid-ud-Deen. At this point the danger facing the Khilafah became frightfully apparent and the uproar increased dramatically. Hence, Mustafa Kemal backed by eight of his personal followers demanded the holding of an immediate ballot; but the Assembly referred the matter to the foreign affairs committee in order to study it.

Washegari, kwamitin ya taru, wanda ya kunshi wasu lauyoyi da malamai. Ya shafe dogon lokaci yana nazarin batun raba Sarautar Sultan da Khilafah, kuma mambobinsa sun koma ga nassoshi daga Alkur'ani da Sunnah, baya ga daruruwan misalai daga tarihin Khulafa, a Baghdad da kuma a Alkahira. Sakamakon haka, kwamitin baki daya ya ki amincewa da shawarar, kuma ya kin ta ba tare da wata rashin jituwa ba.

On the following day, the committee gathered, being formed of a group of lawyers and scholars. It spent long hours studying the issue of separating the Sultanate from the Khilafah and its members referred to texts from the Qur’an and the Sunnah, in addition to hundreds of examples from the history of the Khulafa’, both in Baghdad and in Cairo. It followed that the committee as a whole was averse to the proposal and it unanimously rejected it.

Mustafa Kemal yana wurin a lokacin; sa'ad da ya ji matsayar gaba ɗaya ta mambobin kwamitin kuma ya fahimci cewa shawarar kwamitin ƙi amincewa ce ɗaya tilo ga shawarar, sai ya yi fushi ya hau kan kujera, ya katse muhawarar mahalartan ya yi ihu: Ya ku jama'a! Sarkin Usmaniyya ya kwace iko daga hannun al'umma da ƙarfi, kuma da ƙarfi ne al'umma suka ƙudiri aniyar karɓe shi daga gare shi. Dole ne a raba Sarautar daga Khilafah a kuma soke ta. Wannan zai faru ko kun amince ko ba ku amince ba. Abin da ya rage shi ne wasu daga cikin kawunanku za su faɗi a cikin wannan tsari. Da suka ji haka, mambobin kwamitin suka firgita, gwiwoyinsu suka yi rawar jiki. Abin da za su iya yi shi ne su miƙa shawarar ga Majalisar Ƙasa.

Mustafa Kemal was present at the time; so when heard of their general consensus and realised that the committee’s decision was a unanimous rejection of the proposal, he angrily leapt up onto a chair, interrupting the debate of the attendees and shouted: “Sirs! The Ottoman Sultan has usurped the authority from the people by force, and it is by force that the people are determined to regain it from him. The Sultanate must be separated from the Khilafah and abolished. This will happen whether you agree to it or not. All there is to it is that some of your heads will roll in the process.” Upon hearing this the committee members became panic stricken and their knees trembled. All they could do was to refer the proposal to the National Assembly.

Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa ta sake taruwa don tattaunawa kan wannan shawara. Mafi yawan 'yan majalisar sun bayyana kin amincewarsu da shawarar, tare da nuna bacin ransu a kanta ma har ma da kan Mustafa Kemal da kansa. Mustafa Kemal ya fahimci haka, kuma a lokacin da aka fara shirye-shiryen gudanar da kada kuri'a a bayyane kan shawarar, ya gane cewa babu makawa za a ki amincewa da ita, kuma mafi yawan 'yan majalisa suna adawa da ita. Saboda haka ya tara magoya bayansa na kusa a kewayensa domin su kare shi, sannan ya nemi a yi kada kuri'a sau daya kacal kan shawarar, amma wasu 'yan majalisa sun ki, suka ba da shawarar a kada kuri'a ta hanyar kiran kowane dan majalisa da sunansa. Sai dai Mustafa Kemal ya ki wannan. Magoya bayansa a fili suna dauke da makamai, kuma yayin da suka ajiye hannayensu a kan bindigoginsu, sai ya yi ihu yana yi musu barazana: Na tabbata Majalisar za ta amince da shawarar baki daya, kuma zai isa a kada kuri'a ta hanyar daga hannu kawai. Bisa haka aka gabatar da shawarar domin a kada kuri'a, sai ga 'yan hannaye kadan ne suka tashi; sai dai shugaban zaman ya sanar da sakamakon kuri'ar kamar haka: Majalisa ta amince da shawarar baki daya. Nan take wasu 'yan majalisa suka yi tsalle daga kujerunsu suna zanga-zanga suna ihu: Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne, ba mu amince da wannan ba. Sai magoya bayan Mustafa Kemal suka mayar musu da ihu: Zauna! Yi shiru. Daga nan rikici ya barke, hayaniya ta karu, zaman kuma aka kammala shi cikin hargitsi.

The National Assembly then convened to debate the proposal. The overwhelming majority declared their rejection of the proposal and expressed their resentment towards it and even towards Mustafa Kemal himself. Mustafa Kemal sensed this and when the procedures to organise an open ballot on the proposal were about to start, he realised that it was inevitably going to be rejected and that the overwhelming majority was against it. Hence, he gathered his private supporters around him to protect him and demanded that a vote on the proposal should be taken only once, but some deputies refused and suggested taking the vote by calling each one by name. However, Mustafa Kemal refused this. His supporters were clearly armed and he shouted threats while they rested their hands on their pistols: “I am sure that the Assembly would accept the proposal with a general consensus and it will be sufficient to take a vote just by raising hands. Upon this the proposal was put forward to be voted on and few hands were raised; however, the speaker announced the result of the ballot as follows: “The Assembly has endorsed the proposal by a general consensus.” Upon this a number of deputies jumped on to their seats protesting and shouting: “This is not true, we did not agree to this.” So the supporters of Mustafa Kemal shouted back: “Sit down! Shut up.” Then chaos broke out and the uproar intensified, and the session was noisily wound up.

A farkon watan Nuwamba na 1922, Mustafa Kemal ya fita daga ginin Majalisar Ƙasa yana kewaye da magoya bayansa. Wannan ya faru kwanaki 14 bayan isowar gayyatar halartar taron Lausanne.

In the beginning of November 1922, Mustafa Kemal left the building of the National Assembly surrounded by his supporters. This was 14 days after the invitation to attend the Lausanne conference had arrived.

Bayan kwanaki biyar da yanke wannan shawara, Rif'at Pasha ya kaddamar da wani juyin mulki na kwatsam a Istanbul, inda ya kwace ragamar mulki a babban birnin tare da taimakon sojoji da karfin soja. Wannan ya faru ne a gaban idon Janar Harrington. Saboda haka, ya soke gwamnatin Sarki da karfi. Sarki ya yi kamar bai san komai game da wannan lamari ba na 'yan kwanaki; sannan ya aika wa Harrington sako ta hannun shugaban makada na fadar Sarki. Sakon na baki ne, kuma wani mutum ne ya isar da shi ga Harrington yana cewa: Sarki yana neman kariyar Kwamandan Birtaniya da gwamnatin Birtaniya, domin Mai Martaba yana da tabbacin cewa rayuwarsa tana cikin hadari. Bayan kwana biyu, a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1922, wata motar asibiti ta Birtaniya ta zo fadar Sarki, Wahid-ud-Deen kuma ya hau cikinta, tare da dansa, wani bawa mai gelding dauke da karamin akwati, da kuma wani dan dako dauke da kayansa.

Five days after taking this decision, Rif ’at Pasha staged a sudden military coup in Istanbul through which he seized the reins of power in the capital with the help of the army and the military power. This occurred right under the nose of General Harrington. Hence, he abolished the government of the Sultan by force. The Sultan pretended to know nothing about this situation for a few days; then he sent to Harrington a message with the maestro of the musical band at the Sultanic Palace. The message was verbal and a man conveyed it to Harrington by saying: “The Sultan is seeking the protection of the British Commander and the British government, for his majesty is certain that his life is in danger.” Two days later on 17th November 1922, a British ambulance came to the Sultan’s palace and Wahid-ud-Deen climbed on board followed by his son, a eunuch carrying a small suitcase and a porter carrying his baggage.

Motar ta kai shi inda ya hau wani jirgin ruwa mai amfani da tururi, wanda kuma ya kai shi zuwa wani jirgin yakin Birtaniya da ke jiran sa a tashar jiragen ruwa. Jirgin yakin ne ya kai shi Malta.

The car took him to where he boarded a steam boat, which in turn took him to a British warship that was waiting in the port. The warship took him to Malta.

Bayan tafiyar Wahid-ud-Deen, an nada dan uwansa Amir Abdul-Majid ibn Abdul-Aziz a matsayin Khaliifan Musulmai, bayan an nemi amincewar Babban Majalisar Kasa a kan wannan batu. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa daga cikin masu goyon bayan Khilafah suka yi gaggawar zuwa wurinsa don yi masa mubaya'a. Rauf Beik da Doctor Adnan Beik, da kuma Ali Fuad da Kathim Qara Bakir, su ma sun ziyarce shi, kuma suka bayyana mubaya'arsu a fili don duniya ta sani cewa har yanzu suna biyayya ga Khaliifa, kuma Khilafah na nan a raye. Mustafa Kemal ya gamsu da raba Sarautar Sultan da Khilafah, sannan ya karɓi ragamar mulki, yana barin Khaliifa babu wani iko. Daga nan ya fara shirye-shiryen taron zaman lafiya.

In the wake of Wahid-ud-Deen’s departure, his cousin the Amir Abdul- Majid ibn Abdul-Aziz was appointed as Khaleefah of the Muslims after the consent of the Greater National Assembly on this matter had been sought. Hence, many men from among the supporters of the Khilafah rushed to him to pledge their support for him. He was also visited by Rauf Beik and Doctor Adnan Beik, as well as Ali Fuad and Kathim Qara Bakir and they openly declared their allegiance to him in order to let the world know that they were still loyal to the Khaleefah and that the Khilafah still existed. Mustafa Kemal was contented with the separation of the Sultanate from the Khilafah and he took over the reins of power, leaving the Khaleefah stripped of all authority. He then started to prepare for the peace conference.

A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 1922, aka kaddamar da taron Lausanne. A madadin Daular Usmaniyya, wakilcin da ya halarci taron shi ne tawagar gwamnatin Ankara kawai, wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliyar Daular Usmaniyya da aka ci a Yakin Duniya. Haka kuma Curzon, Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Birtaniya, ya halarci taron a matsayin shugaban tawagar Birtaniya, domin gwamnatin Lloyd George ta yi murabus a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1922. Taron ya fara zamansa, kuma a lokacin taron, shugaban tawagar Birtaniya Curzon ya gindaya sharuddan guda hudu kafin ya amince da 'yancin kan Turkiyya. Wadannan sharuddan sune: a soke Khilafah gaba daya, a kori Khalifa daga kasar, a kwace dukiyarsa, sannan a sanar da cewa kasar ta zama ta boko (sakulari). Nasarar taron ta dogara ne da cika wadannan sharuddan guda hudu.

On 20th November 1922, the Lausanne conference was inaugurated. It was attended on behalf of the Ottoman State by a delegation of the Ankara government only, who acted as the representative of the Ottoman State that was defeated in the World War. It was also attended by Curzon the British Foreign Secretary, as head of the British delegation, for the government of Lloyd George had resigned on 19th October 1922. The conference started its sessions and during it, the head of the British delegation Curzon, stipulated four conditions prior to recognising the independence of Turkey. These conditions were: the total abolishment of the Khilafah, the expulsion of the Khalifah beyond the borders, the confiscation of his assets and declaration of the state’s secularisation. The success of the conference rested on the fulfilment of these four conditions.

Duk da haka, an rushe shi a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1923 ba tare da samun wani sakamako ba, kuma aka ayyana shi a matsayin gazawa.

However, it was wound up on 4th February 1923 without yielding any result and it was declared a failure.

Ismat ya koma Turkiyya, sai Mustafa Kemal ya yi gaggawar zuwa ganinsa a Eskisehir inda ya koyi daga gare shi dukkan batutuwan da aka tayar a taron; sannan ya dawo tare da shi zuwa Ankara.

Ismat returned to Turkey and Mustafa Kemal rushed to meet him in Eskisehir where he learnt from him all the matters which had been raised at the conference; then he returned with him to Ankara.

Lokacin da suka isa tashar Ankara, mamaki ya kama su saboda Rauf, Firayim Minista, da wakilan birnin ba su zo don tarbar su ba. Mustafa Kemal ya fusata da wannan lamari, sai ya kira Rauf ya bukaci ya bayyana dalilin halayensa. Rauf ya amsa ta hanyar nuna adawarsa game da aika Ismet zuwa taron ba tare da tuntubar gwamnati ba, da kuma game da yadda Mustafa Kemal ya yi gaggawar zuwa ganin Ismet a Eskisehir shi ma ba tare da tuntubar gwamnati ba, yana mai jaddada cewa wannan aiki ne da ya saba wa kundin tsarin mulki; sannan ya biyo bayan adawar tasa da mika takardar murabus daga matsayin Firayim Minista.