1. Wata rundunar soja karkashin jagorancin ‘Abdur Rahman bin ‘Auf ta tafi zuwa mazaunin Bani Kalb a Doumat Al-Jandal a watan Sha‘aban na shekara ta 6 bayan Hijira. Kafin su tashi, Annabi ﷺ ya kira ‘Abdur Rahman, ya sa hannunsa a kan hannun ‘Abdur Rahman yana addu’ar albarkar Allah a gare shi, kuma ya ba shi umarni da ya nuna karimci a lokacin yaƙin. Ya ce masa ya auri ’yar sarkin idan sun yi masa biyayya. ‘Abdur Rahman ya zauna tsakanin wadannan mutane kwana uku, yana kiran su zuwa Musulunci, sai suka amsa da kyau. Daga nan ya auri ’yar sarkin, Tamadur bint Al-Asbagh.

1. A military expedition led by ‘Abdur Rahman bin ‘Auf was despatched to the habitation of Bani Kalb in Doumat Al-Jandal in Sha‘ban 6 Hijri. Before setting out, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) summoned ‘Abdur Rahman, and placed his hand on the latter’s hand invoking Allâh’s blessings and giving him commandments to act magnanimously during the war. He told him to marry the king’s daughter if they obeyed him. ‘Abdur Rahman stayed among those people for three days, invited them to Islam and they responded positively. He then did marry the king’s daughter Tamadur bint Al-Asbagh.

A cikin wannan wata da wannan shekara, an aika ‘Ali bin Abi Talib a jagorancin wata runduna zuwa mazaunin Bani Sa‘d bin Bakr a wani wuri da ake kira Fadk. An kawo wa Annabi Muhammad ﷺ labari cewa waɗannan mutane sun haɗa kai don taimakon Yahudawa. Mayaƙan Musulmi suna tafiya da rana, suna ɓoye da dare. A hanyarsu, sun kama wani maharbi na abokan gaba wanda ya yarda cewa an aike shi zuwa kabilar Khaibar, don ba su goyon baya a madadin dabinonsu. ‘Ali da abokan tafiyarsa sun kai farmaki a sansaninsu, suka kwace raƙuma ɗari biyar da awaki dubu biyu, amma Banu Sa‘d, tare da shugabansu Wabr bin ‘Aleem, sun gudu.

2. In the same month and year, ‘Ali bin Abi Talib was despatched at the head of a platoon to the habitation of Bani Sa‘d bin Bakr in a place called Fadk. Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) had been reported that those had rallied ranks to support the Jews. The Muslim fighters used to march in the day and lurk at night. On their way, they captured an enemy scout who admitted being sent to Khaibar tribe, to offer them support in return for their dates. ‘Ali and his companions raided their encampment, captured five hundred camels and two thousand goats, but Banu Sa‘d, with their chieftain Wabr bin ‘Aleem had fled away.

3. Wani rundunar yaƙi karkashin jagorancin Abu Bakr As-Siddiq ko Zaid bin Haritha an aika zuwa Wadi Al-Qura a watan Ramadan na shekara ta 6 bayan Hijira, bayan kabilar Fazara ta yi yunƙurin kashe Manzon Allah ﷺ. Bayan sallar asuba, aka umurci rundunar da ta kai hari kan abokan gaba. Wasu daga cikinsu an kashe, wasu kuma an kama su. Daga cikin waɗanda aka kama akwai Umm Qirfa da 'yarta kyakkyawa, wadda aka aika Makkah a matsayin fansa don a saki wasu fursunonin Musulmi da ke can. Yunƙurin Umm Qirfa na kashe Manzon Allah ﷺ ya koma kanta, kuma dawakai talatin da ta tara ta kuma ciyar da su don aiwatar da mugun shirinta, duk an kashe su.

3. An expedition led by Abu Bakr As-Siddiq or Zaid bin Haritha was despatched to Wadi Al-Qura in Ramadan 6 Hijri after Fazara sept had made an attempt at the Prophet’s life. Following the morning prayer, the detachment was given orders to raid the enemy. Some of them were killed and others captured. Amongst the captives, were Umm Qirfa and her beautiful daughter, who was sent to Makkah as a ransom for the release of some Muslim prisoners there. Umm Qirfa’s attempts at the Prophet’s life recoiled on her, and the thirty horsemen she had gathered and sustained to implement her evil scheme were all killed.

4. Anas bin Malik ya ruwaito cewa wasu mutane daga kabilar ‘Uraina sun zo wurin Manzon Allah ﷺ suka nuna cewa sun musulunta. Sun zauna a Madina amma yanayinta bai dace da su ba, saboda haka aka ce musu su kafa tantunansu a makiyaya da ke kusa. Suka yi haka, suka kuma samu lafiya. Sai suka kai wa makiyayin Annabi ﷺ hari, suka kashe shi, suka juya daga Musulunci, suka kuma kwashe rakuma. Labarin ya kai ga Annabi ﷺ, sai ya aika da wata tawaga ta mutum ashirin Musulmi karkashin jagorancin Karz bin Jabir Al-Fihri domin su bi sawun su. An kama su aka kawo su gare shi. Ya umarta a yanke musu hannuwa da kafafu, a tsuke idanunsu saboda abin da suka aikata, sannan a jefar da su a kan kasa mai duwatsu har suka mutu.

4. Anas bin Malik reported that some people belonging to tribe of ‘Uraina came to Allâh’s Messenger (Peace be upon him) and made pretensions to Islam. They stayed in Madinah but found its climate uncongenial, so they were asked to pitch their tents in the pastures nearby. They did so and were all right. They then fell on the Prophet’s shepherd and killed him, turned apostates from Islam and drove off the camels. This news reached the Prophet (Peace be upon him), who sent a group of twenty Muslims led by Karz bin Jabir Al-Fihri on their track. They were brought and handed over to him. He had their hands and feet cut off, their eyes gouged out in recompense for their behaviour, and then they were thrown on the stony ground until they died.

Masana tarihi sun kuma ruwaito cewa an aika ‘Amr bin Omaiya Ad-Damari da Salamah bin Abi Salamah a wata manufa ta kashe Abu Sufyan, shugaban Quraish, wanda tun da farko ya aika wani Balarabe ya kashe Annabi ﷺ. Manufar mutum biyu ta gaza, sai dai an kashe mushrikai uku a hanya. Abin lura shi ne, duk yaƙe-yaƙen da aka gabata ba su kasance yaƙi mai zafi na gaske ba, sai dai artabu ko ayyukan soji na hukunci da aka gudanar don tsoratar da wasu abokan gaba da ba a ci su ba tukuna. Zurfafa tunani game da yadda al'amuran yaƙi suka wakana yana nuna yadda ƙarfin zuciyar abokan gaba na Musulunci ke ci gaba da rushewa, domin sun fahimci cewa ba su ƙara kasancewa cikin halin hana kiran Musulunci ko raunana ƙarfin motsinsa ba. Wannan yanayi ya kai ƙololuwarsa a Yarjejeniyar Al-Hudaibiyya, lokacin da ɓangarorin biyu masu yaƙi, muminai da kafirai, suka shiga yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta, wadda ta nuna a fili girman ƙarfin Musulunci da ke ƙara ƙaruwa, kuma ta tabbatar ba tare da shakka ba cewa wannan addini na sama zai dawwama a ko'ina cikin ƙasar Larabawa.

• Biographers also reported ‘Amr bin Omaiya Ad-Damari and Salamah bin Abi Salamah to have been sent on an errand to kill Abu Sufyan, the chief of Quraish, who had already sent a bedouin to kill the Prophet (Peace be upon him). The two-men mission failed except for three polytheists killed on the way. It is noteworthy that all the foregone invasions did not imply real bitter fighting, they were rather skirmishes or punitive military manoeuvres carried out to deter some enemies still unsubdued. Deep meditation on the development of war circumstances reveal the continuous collapse of the morale among the enemies of Islam, who had come to understand that they were no longer in a position to contain the Islamic call or weaken its active drive. This state of affairs reached its climax in Al-Hudaibiyah Treaty when the two belligerent parties, believers and disbelievers, entered into a truce agreement that pointed markedly to the ever-growing power of Islam, and recorded unequivocally the perpetuity of this heavenly religion in pan-Arabia.

Lokacin da Larabawa suka fara ganin babban ci gaba mai ban mamaki a fagen goyon bayan Musulmi, masu gaba-gaba na babban nasara da cin galaba na Kiran Musulunci sun fara bayyana a hankali a sararin jama'a, kuma muminai suka dawo da haƙƙinsu wanda ba a yi jayayya a kansa ba na yin ibada a cikin Harami mai tsarki.

When Arabia began to witness the large impressive sweep in favour of the Muslims, the forerunners of the great conquest and success of the Islamic Call started gradually to loom on the demographic horizon, and the true believers restored their undisputed right to observe worship in the sacred sanctuary.

Kusan shekara ta shida bayan Hijira ne Annabi (Peace be upon him) ya yi mafarki, yana har yanzu a Madina, cewa ya shiga tsattsarkan haramin Makka cikin aminci tare da sahabbansa, yana gudanar da ayyukan Umrah (ƙaramar aikin Hajji). Ana aske kawunansu, ana kuma yanke gashi. Da zarar ya sanar da wasu daga cikin sahabbansa abin da ke cikin mafarkinsa, zukatansu suka yi tsalle da farin ciki, domin sun ga a cikinta cikar muradinsu mai zurfi na shiga aikin Hajji da ayyukansa masu tsarki bayan shekara shida na kasancewa cikin nesa da Makka.

It was about the sixth year Hijri when the Prophet (Peace be upon him) saw in a dream, while he was still in Madinah, that he had entered the sacred sanctuary in Makkah in security with his followers, and was performing the ceremonies of ‘Umrah (lesser pilgrimage). Their heads were being shaved and hair cut off. As soon as he informed some of his Companions the contents of his dream, their hearts leapt up with joy since they found in it the actualization of their deep longing to take part in pilgrimage and its hallowed rites after an exile of six years.

Annabi ﷺ ya wanke tufafinsa, ya hau raƙumarsa, ya fita zuwa Makka a gaban Musulmi dubu ɗaya da ɗari biyar, ciki har da matarsa Umm Salamah. Wasu Balarabe na hamada waɗanda imaninsu ya yi rauni suka ja baya suka kawo uzuri. Ba su ɗauki wani makami ba sai takobi a cikin kube, domin ba su da niyyar yaƙi. Aka ɗora wa Ibn Umm Maktum alhakin tafiyar da al'amuran Madina a lokacin rashin Annabi ﷺ. Lokacin da suka kusanci Makka, a wani wuri da ake kira Dhi Hulaifa, ya umarta a sanya wa dabbobin hadaya kayan ado na furanni, kuma dukkan muminai suka sanya Al-Ihram, tufafin mahajjata. Ya aika wani mai leƙen asiri ya bincika domin neman labarin abokan gaba. Mutumin ya dawo ya gaya wa Annabi ﷺ cewa wasu bayi masu yawa, da kuma babban sojan yaƙi, sun taru don su hana shi, kuma hanyar zuwa Makka ta toshe gaba ɗaya. Annabi ﷺ ya tuntuɓi sahabbansa, waɗanda suka ra'ayi cewa ba za su yi yaƙi da kowa ba sai an hana su yin aikin hajji.

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) had his clothes washed, mounted his camel and marched out towards Makkah at the head of fifteen hundred Muslims including his wife Umm Salamah. Some desert bedouins whose Faith was lukewarm hung back and made excuses. They carried no weapons with them except sheathed swords because they had no intention of fighting. Ibn Umm Maktum was mandated to dispose the affairs of Madinah during the Prophet’s absence. As they approached Makkah, and in a place called Dhi Hulaifa, he ordered that the sacrificial animals be garlanded, and all believers donned Al-Ihrâm, the pilgrim’s garb. He despatched a reconnoiterer to hunt around for news of the enemy. The man came back to tell the Prophet (Peace be upon him) that a large number of slaves, as well as a huge army, were gathered to oppose him, and that the road to Makkah was completely blocked. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) consulted his Companions, who were of the opinion that they would fight none unless they were debarredfrom performing their pilgrimage.

A lokacin da ake rubuta yarjejeniyar nan ne Abu Jandal, ɗan Suhail, ya bayyana a wurin. An ɗaure shi da sarƙoƙi cikin zalunci, yana tangaɗi saboda wahala da gajiya. Manzon Allah ﷺ da sahabbansa sun ji tausayinsa, suka yi ƙoƙarin ganin an sake shi, amma Suhail ya dage ya ce: "Domin a nuna cewa kuna cika alkawarinku, ga dama ta zo yanzu." Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: "Amma yarjejeniyar ba ta kammala ba tun lokacin da ɗanka ya shiga sansanin." Bisa wannan ya fashe da cewa: "To amma sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar an riga an amince da su." Lokaci ne mai cike da damuwa. Abu Jandal kuwa yana ta kuka da murya mai ƙarfi, yana cewa: "Za a mayar da ni ga masu shirka domin su karkatar da ni daga addinina, ya Musulmi!" Amma a ɗaya ɓangaren, cika alkawari shi ma ya zama wajibi, fiye da kowane la'akari. Zuciyar Manzon Allah ﷺ ta cika da tausayi, amma yana so ya girmama alkawarinsa ko ta halin kaka. Ya ta'azantar da Abu Jandal, ya ce: "Ka yi haƙuri, ka miƙa al'amarinka ga nufin Allah. Allah zai ba ku, kai da abokanka marasa ƙarfi, sauƙi da hanyar tsira. Mun kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da su, kuma mun ɗauki alkawari da sunan Allah. Don haka, ba za mu taɓa karya shi ba a kowane hali." Umar bin Al-Khattab bai iya riƙe baƙin cikin da ke cikin zuciyarsa ba. Ya miƙe tsaye yana furta kalmomin da ke nuna ƙiyayya mai zurfi da fushi mai tsanani, ya kuma roƙi Abu Jandal ya ɗauki takobinsa ya kashe Suhail, amma ɗan ya bar mahaifinsa. Duk da haka, cikin shiru da haƙuri, an tafi da Abu Jandal a cikin sarƙoƙinsa.

It was during this time while the treaty was being written that Abu Jandal, Suhail’s son, appeared on the scene. He was brutally chained and was staggering with privation and fatigue. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) and his Companions were moved to pity and tried to secure his release but Suhail was adamant and said: “To signify that you are faithful to your contract, an opportunity has just arrived.” The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: “But the treaty was not signed when your son entered the camp.” Upon this, he burst forth and said, “but the terms of the treaty were agreed upon.” It was indeed an anxious moment. On the one hand, Abu Jandal was lamenting at the top of his voice, “Am I to be returned to the polytheists that they might entice me from my religion, O Muslims!” but, on the other hand, the faithful engagement was also considered to be necessary, above all other considerations. The Prophet’s heart welled up with sympathy, but he wanted to honour his word at all costs. He consoled Abu Jandal and said, “Be patient, resign yourself to the Will of Allâh. Allâh is going to provide for you and your helpless companions relief and means of escape. We have concluded a treaty of peace with them and we have taken the pledge in the Name of Allâh. We are, therefore, under no circumstances prepared to break it.” ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab could not help giving vent to the deep-seated agony of his heart. He rose to his feet uttering words implying deep hatred and extreme indignation and requested Abu Jandal to take his sword and kill Suhail, but the son spared his father. However, in silent resignation was therefore, Abu Jandal borne away with his chains.

Jerin abubuwan da suka biyo baya sun tabbatar da zurfin hikima da kyakkyawan sakamakon yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya wadda Allah ya kira "nasara bayyananniya". Ta yaya zai kasance in ba haka ba, tun da Quraishawa sun amince da wanzuwar Musulmai halastattu a fagen siyasar Larabawa, suka fara mu'amala da mumini daidai da daidai. A cikin hasken sharuddan yarjejeniyar, Quraishawa sun sauke daga da'awarsu ta shugabanci na addini a kaikaice, kuma sun amince cewa ba su ƙara damuwa da wasu mutane ba sai Quraishawa, suka wanke hannayensu daga duk wani nau'in shiga cikin makomar addinin Tsibirin Larabawa. Musulmai ba su da niyyar kwace dukiyar mutane ko kashe su ta hanyar yaƙe-yaƙe masu zubar da jini, haka kuma ba su taɓa tunanin bin hanyoyin tilastawa ba a ƙoƙarinsu na yaɗa Musulunci. Akasin haka, manufarsu kaɗai ita ce samar da yanayi na 'yanci dangane da akida ko addini:

A series of events confirmed the profound wisdom and splendid results of the peace treaty which Allâh called “a manifest victory”. How could it be otherwise when Quraish had recognized the legitimate Muslims’ existence on the scene of political life in Arabia, and began to deal with the believers on equal terms. Quraish in the light of the articles of the treaty, had indirectly relinquished its claim to religious leadership, and admitted that they were no longer interested in people other than Quraish, and washed their hands of any sort of intervention in the religious future of the Arabian Peninsula. The Muslims did not have in mind to seize people’s property or kill them through bloody wars, nor did they ever think of pursuing any coercive approaches in their endeavours to propagate Islam, on the contrary, their sole target was to provide an atmosphere of freedom as regards ideology or religion:

"Saboda haka duk wanda yake so ya yi imani, to ya yi imani, kuma duk wanda yake so ya kafirta, to ya kafirta." [18:29].

• “Then whosoever wills, let him believe, and whosoever wills, let him disbelieve.” [18:29].

Musulmi kuwa, a daya bangaren, sun samu damar yada Musulunci a yankunan da ba a kai ga bincikensu ba a lokacin. Lokacin da aka yi sulhu, aka kawar da yaki, mutane suka hadu suka yi shawara tare, babu wanda ya yi magana game da Musulunci cikin hikima sai ya shiga cikinsa; cikin shekaru biyu bayan kammala yarjejeniyar, adadin wadanda suka shiga Musulunci ya ninka fiye da yadda aka saba gani a baya. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa Annabi ﷺ ya fita zuwa Al-Hudaibiyya tare da mutum 1,400 kawai, amma a lokacin da ya fita don ya karbi Makka, shekaru biyu bayan haka, yana tare da mutum 10,000.

The Muslims, on the other hand, had the opportunity to spread Islam over areas not then explored. When there was armistice, war was abolished, and men met and consulted together, none talked about Islam intelligently without entering it; within the two years following the conclusion of the treaty double as many entered Islam as ever before. This is supported by the fact that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) went out to Al-Hudaibiyah with only 1,400 men, but when he set out to liberate Makkah, two years later, he had 10,000 men with him.