Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyya ta nuna wani sabon mataki a tafiyar aikin Musulunci da rayuwar Musulmi. Quraish, makiyin Musulunci mai tsananin ƙiyayya, yanzu ya janye daga fagen yaƙi, ya kuma amince da sulhu da Musulmi. Ta haka aka karya goyon bayan na uku daga cikin makiya uku (Quraish, Ghatfan da Yahudawa), kuma saboda Quraish ita ce mai riƙe da tutar shirka a Larabawa, zafin ran sauran mushrikai game da Musulunci ya ragu sosai. Kabilar Ghatfan ba ta ƙara zama babbar barazana ba, kuma ayyukansu na tayar da hankali galibi ayyukan Yahudawa ne suka hura musu wuta. Yahudawa, bayan da aka kore su daga Madina, sun koma Khaibar, suka mayar da ita cibiyar makirci mai zafi a kan Annabi ﷺ. A can suke shirya dabarunsu, suke kunna wutar rarrabuwa, suna jan hankalin Larabawan da ke kusa da Madina su shiga tare da su da nufin kawar da sabuwar daular Musulunci, ko aƙalla su jawo wa Musulmi asara mai yawa. Annabi ﷺ, wanda bai yi sakaci da shirinsu na shaidan ba, ya sanya yaƙi mai tsanani da su a matsayin fifiko na farko a cikin shirinsa, jim kaɗan bayan an amince da wannan yarjejeniya da aka ambata. Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyya ta bai wa Musulmi damar ƙara ƙarfafa tafiyarsu ta Musulunci da ninka ƙoƙarinsu marar gajiyawa wajen yada Da'awarsu, saboda haka suka ba wannan nau'in aiki fifiko a kan ayyukan soja. Don haka, muna ganin wajibi ne mu raba wannan mataki bayan yarjejeniya zuwa sassa biyu.

Al-Hudaibiyah Truce marked a new phase in the process of Islamic action and life of the Muslims. Quraish, a bitter enemy of Islam, now withdraws from the war arena and embraces a peaceful settlement with the Muslims, thus the third support of a tripartite enemy (Quraish, Ghatfan and the Jews) is broken, and being the holder of the banner of paganism in Arabia, the other pagans’ aggressive feelings towards Islam considerably subsided. Ghatfan Tribe no longer constituted any remarkable threat, and their provocative deeds were mainly Jewish-instigated actions. The Jews, after being banished from Madinah, resorted to Khaibar to change it into a hot bed of intrigues against the Prophet (Peace be upon him). There, they used to hatch their plots, ignite the fire of dissension and allure the Arabs living in the vicinity of Madinah to join them with the aim of exterminating the new Islamic state, or at least inflict heavy losses on the Muslims. The Prophet (Peace be upon him), not heedless of their devilish schemes, placed a decisive war with them as a first priority on his agenda shortly after the endorsement of the above-mentioned treaty. The treaty of Hudaibiyah allowed the Muslims to intensify their Islamic career and double up their ceaseless efforts in propagating their Da‘wah, and consequently give this sort of action preponderance over the military activities. Hence, we deem it imperative to divide this post-treaty stage into two sections:

1. Ci gaba da yin ƙoƙari na lumana wajen yaɗa da'awar Musulunci, da kuma fara wata irin wasiƙu da sarakuna da masu mulki na ƙasashen maƙwabta.

1. Ceaseless peaceful efforts in propagating the Islamic Da‘wah (Call) and initiating a sort of correspondence with kings and princes of the neighbouring political entities.

2. Ayyukan soja.

2. Military activities.

A ƙarshen shekara ta shida bayan hijira, a lokacin da ya dawo daga Hudaibiyya, Annabi ﷺ ya yanke shawarar aika wasiƙu zuwa sarakunan da ke bayan Larabawa suna kiransu zuwa Musulunci. Domin tabbatar da sahihancin wakilansa, an yi wani hatimi na azurfa wanda aka zana a kansa kalmomin: "Muhammadun Manzon Allah" ﷺ, a irin tsarin da ke biye:

Late in the six year A.H., on his return from Hudaibiyah, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) decided to send messages to the kings beyond Arabia calling them to Islam. In order to authenticate the credentials of his envoys, a silver seal was made in which were graven the words: “Muhammad the Messenger of Allâh” in the following formation:

محمد.

محمد.

رســول.

رســول.

االله.

االله.

An aka zaɓi wakilai bisa ga ƙwarewarsu da ilimin su, sannan aka aike su da manufarsu a watan Muharram na shekara ta 7 bayan hijira, 'yan kwanaki kafin a nufi Khaibar.

Envoys were chosen on the basis of their experience and knowledge, and sent on their errands in Muharram in the year 7 A.H., a few days before heading for Khaibar.

Negus، sarkin Habasha (Habasha)، sunansa Ashama bin Al-Abjar، ya karɓi saƙon Annabi ﷺ wanda Amr bin Omaiyah Ad-Damari ya kai، wanda At-Tabari ya ambata، ko dai a ƙarshen shekara ta shida ko farkon shekara ta bakwai bayan Hijira. Zurfafa nazari a kan wasiƙar ya nuna cewa ba ita ce wadda aka aika bayan yarjejeniyar Al-Hudaibiyah ba. Kalmomin wasiƙar suna nuna cewa an aika ta ga wannan sarki ne lokacin da Ja‘far da abokan sa suka yi hijira zuwa Habasha (Habasha) a lokacin Makka. Ɗaya daga cikin jimlolin wasiƙar yana cewa: "Na aiko maka da ɗan’uwana, Ja‘far, tare da wata ƙungiya ta Musulmi. Ka nuna musu karimci, kuma ka bar girman kai."

Negus, king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), his name was Ashama bin Al-Abjar, received the Prophet’s message, despatched by Amr bin Omaiyah Ad-Damari, which At-Tabari referred to, either late in the sixth year or early in the seventh year A.H. Deep scrutiny into the letter shows that it was not the one sent after Al-Hudaibiyah event. Wording of the letter rather indicates that it was sent to that king when Ja‘far and his companions emigrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) during the Makkan period. One of its sentences read “I have despatched my cousin, Ja‘far with a group of Muslims, to you. Do be generous towards them and give up haughtiness.”.

Al-Baihaqi, daga Ibn Ishaq, ya ba da labarin wasikar Annabi zuwa ga Negus kamar haka:

Al-Baihaqi, on the authority of Ibn Ishaq, gave the following narration of the Prophet’s letter sent to Negus:

Wannan wasiƙa daga Muhammadﷺ, Annabi, zuwa ga Negus Al-Ashama, sarkin Habasha (Ethiopia). Aminci ya tabbata ga wanda ya bi shiriya ta gaskiya kuma ya yi imani da Allah da ManzonSa. Ina shaida cewa babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah Shi kaɗai, ba shi da abokin tarayya, bai riƙi mata ba bai kuma riƙi ɗa ba, kuma Muhammadﷺ bawanSa ne kuma ManzonSa. Ina kiran ka zuwa ga shiga addinin Musulunci; idan ka karɓi Musulunci, za ka samu tsira.

“This letter is sent from Muhammad, the Prophet to Negus Al-Ashama, the king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia). Peace be upon him who follows true guidance and believes in Allâh and His Messenger. I bear witness that there is no god but Allâh Alone with no associate, He has taken neither a wife nor a son, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. I call you unto the fold of Islam; if you embrace Islam, you will find safety.

• "Ka ce [Ya Muhammad (Aminci ya tabbata a gare shi)]: 'Ya ku mutanen Littafi (Yahudawa da Nasara), ku zo zuwa ga kalma wadda take daidai tsakaninmu da ku, cewa ba za mu bauta wa kowa ba face Allah, kuma ba za mu haɗa wani abu da Shi ba, kuma ba wani ɓangarenmu da zai riƙi wasu ubangiji baicin Allah.' Idan kuwa suka juya baya, to ku ce: 'Ku shaida cewa mu Musulmi ne.'" [3:64] Idan kuma kuka ƙi wannan kira, to za a ɗauke ku alhakin dukan miyagun ayyukan Nasarar al'ummarku.

Annabi ﷺ ya rubuta wasiƙa zuwa ga Juraij bin Matta, wanda ake kira Muqawqas, mataimakin sarki na Masar da Iskandariyya, yana cewa:

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) wrote to Juraij bin Matta, called Muqawqas, vicegerent of Egypt and Alexandria saying:

Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jinƙai.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Daga Muhammadu, bawan Allah da Manzonsa, zuwa ga Muqawqas, shugaban Masar. Aminci ya tabbata ga wanda ya bi shiriya ta gaskiya. Bayan haka, ina kiranka ka karbi Musulunci. Saboda haka, idan kana son tsaro, ka karbi Musulunci. Idan ka karbi Musulunci, Allah Maɗaukaki zai ba ka lada sau biyu. Amma idan ka ki yin haka, za ka ɗauki nauyin zunubin dukan Kiftawa. • "Ka ce [Ya Muhammadu ﷺ]: 'Ya ku mutanen Littafi (Yahudawa da Nasara), ku zo zuwa ga kalma wadda ta zama daidai a tsakaninmu da tsakaninku, cewa ba za mu bauta wa kowa ba face Allah, kuma ba za mu haɗa Shi da kowa ba, kuma wani daga cikinmu ba zai riƙi wasu ubangiji baicin Allah ba.' Idan kuma suka juya baya, to ku ce: 'Ku shaida cewa mu Musulmi ne.'" [3:64].

From Muhammad slave of Allâh and His Messenger to Muqawqas, vicegerent of Egypt. Peace be upon him who follows true guidance. Thereafter, I invite you to accept Islam. Therefore, if you want security, accept Islam. If you accept Islam, Allâh, the Sublime, shall reward you doubly. But if you refuse to do so, you will bear the burden of the transgression of all the Copts. • “Say [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)]: ‘O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allâh, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allâh.’ Then, if they turn away, say: ‘Bear witness that we are Muslims.’ ” [3:64].

Hatib bin Abi Balta‘a, wanda aka zaɓa don isar da saƙon, ya nemi izinin ganawa da Muqawqas kafin ya bayyana abin da wasiƙar ta ƙunsa. Ya yi wa mataimakin Sarkin Masar magana yana cewa: “Akwai wani a gabanka wanda ya ɗauki matsayin Ubangiji Mai Girma, sai Allah ya kama shi, ya mai da shi abin koyi a Lahira da kuma a wannan rayuwa; don haka ka ɗauki gargaɗi, kada ka taɓa kafa mummunan misali ga wasu.” Muqawqas ya amsa: “Ba mu da halin barin addininmu sai dai don wani mafi kyau.” Hatib ya ci gaba: “Muna kiran ku ku karɓi Musulunci, wanda zai wadatar da ku duka a kan abin da za ku rasa. Annabinmu ya kira mutane zuwa ga wannan addini, Quraishawa da Yahudawa suka tsaya masa a matsayin abokan gaba masu tsanani, alhali Kiristoci su ne suka fi kusa da kiransa. Na rantse da raina, labarin Musa game da Almasihu yayi daidai da bishara ta ƙarshe game da zuwan Muhammad ﷺ; haka kuma wannan kiranmu gare ku ku karɓi Musulunci yayi kama da kiranku ga mutanen Attaura su karɓi Sabon Alkawari. Duk lokacin da wani Annabi ya tashi a cikin al’umma, to ana sa ran amsa mai kyau gare shi, saboda haka kuna ƙarƙashin Doka ɗaya ta Allah. Ku sani cewa ba mu zo don hana ku addinin Almasihu ba, sai dai don mu roƙe ku ku riƙe koyarwarsa.” Muqawqas ya yi tunani sosai a kan abin da wasiƙar ta ƙunsa, sannan ya ce: “Na kai ga yarda cewa wannan Annabi ba ya umartar abin ƙyama; ba shi ne mai sihiri ɓatacce ba, ba kuma mai duba maƙaryaci ba. Yana da alamomin gaskiya na Annabci a bayyane, saboda haka zan yi nazari sosai a kan lamarin.” Ya karɓi takardar ya umarci a ajiye ta a cikin akwatin hauren giwa. Ya kira wani marubuci ya rubuta amsa a cikin harshen Larabci kamar haka:

Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jin kai. Daga Muhammad, Manzon Allah, zuwa ga Kisra, sarkin Farisa.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful, From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allâh to Chosroes, king of Persia.

Aminci ya tabbata ga wanda ya bi shiriya ta gaskiya, ya yi imani da Allah da ManzonSa, kuma ya shaida cewa babu abin bautawa da cancanta sai Allah Shi kaɗai, ba shi da abokin tarayya, kuma cewa Muhammadu bawansa ne kuma ManzonSa. Ina kira gare ku da ku karɓi addinin Allah. Ni Manzon Allah ne aka aiko zuwa ga dukan mutane, domin in sa tsoron Allah a zuciyar kowane rai mai rai, kuma domin hujja ta tabbata a kan waɗanda suka ƙi gaskiya. Ku karɓi Musulunci a matsayin addininku, domin ku rayu cikin tsaro; in ba haka ba, za ku ɗauki nauyin dukan zunuban Majusawa.

Peace be upon him who follows true guidance, believes in Allâh and His Messenger and testifies that there is no god but Allâh Alone with no associate, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. I invite you to accept the religion of Allâh. I am the Messenger of Allâh sent to all people in order that I may infuse fear of Allâh in every living person, and that the charge may be proved against those who reject the Truth. Accept Islam as your religion so that you may live in security, otherwise, you will be responsible for all the sins of the Magians.”.

An-zaɓi ‘Abdullahi ɗan Hudhafa As-Sahmi don ɗaukar wasiƙar. Wannan manzo ya kai ta wajen sarkin Bahrain, amma har yanzu ba mu sani ba ko shi sarkin ya aika da ita zuwa ga Kisra ta hannun ɗaya daga cikin mutanensa, ko kuma ya zaɓi ‘Abdullahi da kansa.

‘Abdullah bin Hudhafa As-Sahmi was chosen to carry the letter. This envoy carried it to the king of Bahrain but we do not know as yet if the latter despatched to Chosroes by one of his men or chose ‘Abdullah himself.

Sarkin girman kai ya fusata sosai saboda salon wasiƙar, domin an sanya sunan Annabi (ﷺ) a sama da nasa suna. Ya yayyaga wasiƙar gida-gida, nan take kuma ya ba mataimakinsa a Yemen umarni da ya aika da wasu sojoji biyu su kama Annabi (ﷺ) su kawo shi gabansa. Gwamna, mai suna Bazan, nan da nan ya aika mutane biyu zuwa Madina don wannan manufa. Da mutanen suka isa Madina, sai Annabi (ﷺ) ya samu wahayi daga Allah cewa Pervez, sarkin Farisa, ɗansa ya kashe shi. Annabi (ﷺ) ya bayyana musu labarin, suka yi mamaki ƙwarai. Ya ƙara da cewa su gaya wa sabon sarkinsu cewa Musulunci zai yi nasara ko'ina, kuma zai wuce mulkin Kisra kansa. Suka koma da sauri wajen Bazan, suka faɗa masa abin da suka ji. A halin nan, Sherweh, sabon sarki, ya aika wa Bazan wasiƙa yana tabbatar da labarin, yana umartarsa da ya dakatar da duk wani mataki game da Annabi (ﷺ) har sai an sake umarni. Bazan, tare da Farisawa da ke Yemen, suka shiga cikin Musulunci, kuma suka nuna da farin ciki cewa sun karɓi Annabi (ﷺ).

Al-Bukhari ya ruwaito wani dogon hadisi game da abin da ke cikin wasiƙar da Annabi ﷺ ya aika wa Hercules, sarkin Rumawa.

Al-Bukhari gave a long narration of the contents of the letter sent by the Prophet (Peace be upon him) to Hercules, king of the Byzantines:

Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jinƙai.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Daga Muhammadu, bawan Allah da Manzonsa, zuwa ga Hercules, sarkin Rumawa. Albarka ta tabbata ga wanda ya bi shiriya ta gaskiya. Ina kiran ka ka karɓi Musulunci domin ka rayu cikin aminci. Idan ka shiga cikin Musulunci, Allah zai ba ka lada sau biyu, amma idan ka juya masa baya, to, nauyin zunuban dukan mutanenka zai hau kan kafaɗunka.

From Muhammad, the slave of Allâh and His Messenger to Hercules, king of the Byzantines. Blessed are those who follow true guidance. I invite you to embrace Islam so that you may live in security. If you come within the fold of Islam, Allâh will give you double reward, but in case you turn your back upon it, then the burden of the sins of all your people shall fall on your shoulders.

• “Ka ce [Ya Muhammadu ﷺ]: ‘Ya ku mutanen Littafi (Yahudawa da Nasara), ku zo zuwa ga wata magana da ta zama daidai a tsakaninmu da ku, cewa ba za mu bauta wa kowa ba face Allah, kuma ba za mu sanya wani abokin tarayya a gare Shi ba, kuma kada wani daga cikinmu ya riki wasu a matsayin ubangiji baicin Allah.’ Sa'an nan idan suka juya baya, to ku ce: ‘Ku shaida cewa mu Musulmi ne.’ ” [3:64].

• “Say [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)]: ‘O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allâh, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allâh.’ Then, if they turn away, say: ‘Bear witness that we are Muslims.’ ” [3:64].

Jakada musulmi, Dihyah bin Khalifah Al-Kalbi, an umurce shi da ya mika wasikar ga sarkin Busra, wanda shi kuma zai aika ta zuwa ga Kaisar.

The Muslim envoy, Dihyah bin Khalifah Al-Kalbi, was ordered to hand the letter over to king of Busra, who would in turn, send it to Caesar.

A cikin wannan lokaci, an kira Abu Sufyan bin Harb, wanda a lokacin bai karɓi Musulunci ba, zuwa fada, sai Hirakal ya yi masa tambayoyi da yawa game da Muhammadu ﷺ da addinin da yake yadawa. Shaidar da wannan maƙiyin Annabi ﷺ wanda ya bayyana adawarsa a fili ya bayar game da kyawawan halayen Annabi ﷺ da kuma alherin da Musulunci yake yi wa ɗan Adam, ta bar Hirakal cikin mamaki.

Manzon Allah ﷺ ya aika Al-'Ala' bin Al-Hadrami zuwa ga gwamnan Bahrain, yana ɗauke da wasiƙa da take kira gare shi ya karɓi Musulunci. A martani, Al-Mundhir bin Sawa ya rubuta wasiƙa kamar haka:

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) despatched ‘Al-‘Ala’ bin Al-Hadrami to the governor of Bahrain, carrying a letter inviting him to embrace Islam. In reply, Al-Mundhir bin Sawa wrote the following letter:

“Ya Manzon Allah ﷺ! Na karɓi umarninka. Kafin wannan, na karanta wasiƙarka, wadda ka rubuta wa mutanen Bahrain kana gayyatarsu zuwa Musulunci. Musulunci ya burge wasu daga cikinsu, suka shiga cikin Musulunci, amma wasu ba su ga abin sha’awa a cikinsa ba. A ƙasata akwai Majusawa da Yahudawa, don haka ka sanar da ni yadda ya kamata a yi da su.”

“Allâh’s Messenger (Peace be upon him)! I received your injunctions. Prior to this, I read your letter, which you wrote to the people of Bahrain extending to them an invitation to Islam. Islam appealed to some of them and they entered the fold of Islam, while others did not find it appealing. In my country, there live Magians and Jews, and therefore you may inform me of the treatment to be extended to them.”.

Annabi ﷺ ya rubuta wasiƙar nan a matsayin amsa ga nasa:

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) wrote the following letter in reply to his:

Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jinƙai.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Daga Muhammadu, Manzon Allah ﷺ, zuwa ga Mundhir bin Sawa. Aminci ya tabbata a gare ka! Ina yabon Allah, wanda babu abokin tarayya a gare Shi, kuma ina shaida cewa Muhammadu bawansa ne kuma Manzonsa.

From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Mundhir bin Sawa. Peace be on you! I praise Allâh with no associate, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.

Bayan haka, ina tunatar da ku Allah, Mai girma, Mai daraja. Duk wanda ya karɓi gargaɗi, to yana yi wa kansa ne amfani. Duk wanda ya bi manzanni na, ya aikata bisa shiriyarsu, to, lalle ya karɓi shawarata.

Thereafter, I remind you of Allâh, the Mighty, the Glorious. Whoever accepts admonition, does it for his own good. Whoever follows my messengers and acts in accordance with their guidance, he, in fact, accepts my advice.

Manzona sun yaba maka matuƙar yabo game da halayenka. Ci gaba da riƙe matsayinka na yanzu. Ka ba sababbin Musulmi cikakkiyar dama ta yada addinin su. Na karɓi shawararka game da mutanen Bahrain, kuma na yafe laifukan masu laifin; saboda haka, kai ma za ka iya yafe musu. Daga cikin mutanen Bahrain, duk wanda ya so ya ci gaba da addinin Yahudanci ko Majusanci, a sa shi ya biya Jizya (harajin kai).

Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jinƙai.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Daga Muhammadu, Manzon Allah ﷺ, zuwa ga Haudha bin ‘Ali:

From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Haudha bin ‘Ali:

Aminci ya tabbata ga wanda ya bi shiriya ta gaskiya. Ku sani cewa addinina zai yi nasara ko'ina. Ya kamata ku karɓi Musulunci, kuma duk abin da ke ƙarƙashin ikonku zai ci gaba da zama naku.” Jakadan da aka zaɓa shi ne Sulait bin ‘Amr Al-‘Amiri, wanda bayan ya isar da saƙonsa, ya kawo wa Annabi ﷺ amsa kamar haka:

Peace be upon him who follows true guidance. Be informed that my religion shall prevail everywhere. You should accept Islam, and whatever under your command shall remain yours.” The envoy chosen was Sulait bin ‘Amr Al-‘Amiri, who after communicating his message, carried back the following reply to the Prophet (Peace be upon him):

"Addinin da kake kira ni zuwa gare shi yana da kyau ƙwarai. Ni fitaccen mai jawabi ne kuma mawaƙi, Larabawa suna girmama ni sosai, kuma ina da daraja a tsakaninsu. Idan ka sa ni cikin gwamnatinka, ina shirye in bi ka."

“The Faith, to which you invite me, is very good. I am a famous orator and poet, the Arabs highly respect me and I am of account among them. If you include me in your government, I am prepared to follow you.”.

Gwamna ya sa aka ba Sulait lada, ya kuma ba shi tufafi da aka yi da yadin Hajr. Hakika, ya miƙa dukan waɗannan kyaututtuka ga amanar Annabi ﷺ.

The governor then bestowed a reward on Sulait and presented him with clothes made of Hajr fabric. Of course, he put all those presents in the trust of the Prophet (Peace be upon him):

Nabi (ﷺ) bai amince da buƙatar Haudha ba. Yakan ƙi irin wannan magana mai taurin kai, kuma yakan ce dukan al'amarin yana hannun Allah, wanda ya ba da ƙasarsa ga duk wanda ya so. Daga baya Jibril ya zo da Wahayi cewa Haudha ya mutu. Nabi (ﷺ), a lokacin da yake sharhi kan wannan labari, ya ce: "Yamama za ta haifi maƙaryaci wanda zai ɗauki annabci ga kansa, amma daga baya za a kashe shi." Sa'ad da aka tambaye shi game da wanda zai kashe shi, sai ya ce: "Yana ɗaya daga cikinku, ku mabiya Musulunci."

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) did not accept Haudha’s demand. He usually turned down such peremptory tone, and would say that the whole matter was in the Hand of Allâh, Who gave His land to whoever He desired. Gabriel later came with the Revelation that Haudha had died. The Prophet (Peace be upon him), in the context of his comment on this news, said: “Yamama is bound to give rise to a liar who will arrogate Prophethood to himself but he will subsequently be killed.” In reply to a question relating to the identity of the killer, the Prophet said “It is one of you, followers of Islam.”

Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jinƙai.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Daga Muhammadﷺ, Manzon Allah, zuwa ga Al-Harith bin Abi Shamir. Aminci ya tabbata ga wanda ya bi shiriya ta gaskiya, ya yi imani da ita, kuma ya yarda da ita a matsayin gaskiya. Ina kira gare ka da ka yi imani da Allah Shi kaɗai, babu abokin tarayya gare Shi, bayan haka mulkinka zai ci gaba da kasancewa naka.”

From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Al-Harith bin Abi Shamir. Peace be upon him who follows true guidance, believes in it and regards it as true. I invite you to believe in Allâh Alone with no associate, thenceafter your kingdom will remain yours.”.

Shuja‘ bin Wahab ya sami girma ya kai wasiƙar ga Harith. Da Harith ya ji an karanta wasiƙar a gaban majalisarsa, sai ya husata ƙwarai, ya ce: "Wane ne zai kuskura ya ƙwace mini ƙasata? Zan yaƙi shi (Annabi ﷺ)." Ya kuma ƙi karɓar kiran Annabi ﷺ zuwa cikin Musulunci da girman kai.

Shuja‘ bin Wahab had the honour of taking the letter to Harith, who upon hearing the letter read in his audience, was madly infuriated and uttered: “Who dares to disposs me of my country, I’ll fight him (the Prophet),” and arrogantly rejected the Prophet’s invitation to the fold of Islam.

Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jinƙai.

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

Daga Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah zuwa ga Jaifer da ‘Abd Al-Jalandi. Aminci ya tabbata ga wanda ya bi shiriya ta gaskiya. Bayan haka, ina kira ku biyu zuwa ga Kiran Musulunci. Ku karɓi Musulunci. Allah ya aiko ni a matsayin Annabi ga dukan halittunsa, domin in sa tsoron Allah a zukatan halittunsa masu sabo, don kada a bar wa waɗanda suka musunci Allah wata hujja. Idan ku biyu kuka karɓi Musulunci, za ku ci gaba da riƙe mulki a ƙasarku; amma idan kuka ƙi Kirana, ku tuna cewa dukiyoyinku duka za su lalace. Dawakan yaƙina za su ƙwace ƙasarku, kuma Annabcina zai rinjayi sarautarku.ﷺ ‘Amr bin Al-’As, wanda aka zaɓa ya kai wasiƙar, ya ba da labari game da abin da ya faru kafin a shigar da shi wurin Jaifer.

From Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah to Jaifer and ‘Abd Al-Jalandi. Peace be upon him who follows true guidance; thereafter I invite both of you to the Call of Islam. Embrace Islam. Allâh has sent me as a Prophet to all His creatures in order that I may instil fear of Allâh in the hearts of His disobedient creatures so that there may be left no excuse for those who deny Allâh. If you two accept Islam, you will remain in command of your country; but if you refuse my Call, you’ve got to remember that all your possessions are perishable. My horsemen will appropriate your land, and my Prophethood will assume preponderance over your kingship.” ‘Amr bin Al-’As, who was chosen to carry the letter, narrated the following story that happened before he was admitted into the audience of Jaifer.

“Lokacin da na isa ‘Oman, na tuntuɓi ‘Abd, wanda aka sani da cewa ya fi ɗan’uwansa natsuwa da laushin hali: ‘Amr: Ni manzon Annabin Allah ne, ina zuwa ne don in gan ku duka, ku da ɗan’uwanku. ‘Abd: Dole ne ka gana da ɗan’uwana ka karanta masa wasiƙar da kake ɗauke da ita. Shi ne babba a gare ni, duka a shekaru da kuma a sarauta. Af, mene ne manufar aikinka? ‘Amr: Annabi yana kiran ku da ku yi imani da Allah Shi kaɗai, ba tare da abokin tarayya ba, ku watsar da duk wasu abubuwan bautawa, kuma ku shaida bawanci da manzancin Muhammadﷺ. ‘Abd: Ya ‘Amr! Kai daga iyali mai daraja kake, amma da farko, ka faɗa mini, menene matsayin mahaifinka game da wannan addini? Ka sani, mun kasance muna bin sawunsa. ‘Amr: Mutuwa ta riske shi kafin ya yi imani da aikin Muhammadﷺ; yanzu ina fatan da ya karɓi Musulunci ya kuma kasance mai gaskiya a gare shi kafin mutuwarsa. Ni kaina na bi irin wannan hali har sai da Allah ya shiryar da ni zuwa Musulunci.”

“When I arrived in ‘Oman I contacted ‘Abd, who was known to be more mild-tempered than his brother: l ‘Amr: I am the messenger of Allâh’s Prophet coming to see both, you and your brother. ‘Abd: You have to see my brother and read to him the letter you are carrying. He is my senior in both age and kingship. Incidentally, what is the purport of your mission? ‘Amr: The Prophet calls upon you to believe in Allâh Alone with no associate, discard any other deities and testify to the slavehood and Messengership of Muhammad. ‘Abd: O ‘Amr! You come from a noble family, but first of all, tell me what was your father’s attitude concerning this Faith? You know, we used to follow his steps. ‘Amr: Death overtook him before believing in Muhammad’s mission; I wish now he had embraced Islam and been truthful to it before his death. I myself had adopted the same attitude until Allâh guided me towards Islam.

Ba yaƙi ba ne a zahiri, face dai hari ne da aka kai kan wata runduna ta Banu Fazarah. Wurin da aka yi shi ana kiransa Dhu Qarad, wata majiyar ruwa mai nisan tafiyar yini guda daga Madina. A cewar mafi yawan malamai, wannan lamari ya faru kwanaki uku kafin yakin Khaibar. An ruwaito daga Salamah bin Al-Akwa‘, jarumin wannan yaƙi, cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya aiki bawansa Rabah da raƙumansa zuwa wani makiyaya da ke kusa. Ni kuma na ɗauki dokin Talhah na tafi wurin don irin wannan dalili. Da gari ya waye, ‘Abdur Rahman Al-Fazari ya kai hari, ya kwashe duk raƙumai, ya kuma kashe mutumin da ke kula da su. Na umarci Rabah ya hau dokin, ya kai wa Talhah, ya sanar da Manzon Allah ﷺ cewa masu bautar gumaka sun kwashe raƙumansa. Sai na tsaya kan wani tudu, na juya fuskata zuwa Madina, na yi kira sau uku: “Ku zo ku taimake mu!” Bayan haka na bi maharan, ina harbinsu da kibiya, ina kuma rera waƙa (ta yabon kai):

It was in fact not a battle but rather a skirmish carried out against a platoon of Bani Fazarah. The place by which it was fought is known as Dhu Qarad, a reservoir of water at a day’s journey from Madinah. According to the majority of scholars, this incident took place three days before the battle of Khaibar. It has been narrated on the authority of Salamah bin Al-Akwa‘, the hero of this battle, that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) sent his hireling Rabah, with his camels to a nearby pasture. I, taking Talhah’s horse, went there for the same purpose. When the day dawned, ‘Abdur Rahman Al-Fazari made a raid, drove away all the camels, and killed the man who looked after them. I told Rabah to ride the horse, take it to Talhah and inform the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) that the polytheists had made away with his camels. Then I stood upon a hillock and turning my face to Madinah, shouted thrice: “Come to our help!” After that I set out in pursuit of the raiders, shooting at them with arrows and chanting (self-eulogatory) verse:

Wallahi, na ci gaba da harbin su da kuma yanka kafafun dabbobinsu. Duk lokacin da wani mahayi ya juyo gare ni, sai in zo wani bishiya in zauna a tushenta (in ɓoye kaina), in harbe shi, in yanke wa dokinsa kafa. A ƙarshe suka shiga wani kwari mai kunkuntar hanya a tsaunuka. Na hau wannan dutse na riƙe su a tsare, ina jefa musu duwatsu. Na ci gaba da korar su haka har sai da na 'yantar da dukan raƙuman, ba tare da wani ya rage tare da su ba. Suka watse ta kowace hanya, ni kuma ina bi musu, ina harbinsu ba ƙaƙƙautawa, har suka zubar da fiye da abin rufawa talatin da mashi talatin, don su sauƙaƙa nauyin kayansu. A kan duk abin da suka zubar, na sa alama da dutse, domin Manzon Allah ﷺ da sahabbansa su gane su (cewa ganima ce da abokan gaba suka bari). Suka ci gaba har suka isa wani kwari kunkuntacce. Suka zauna don su ci wani abu, ni kuma na zauna a saman wani dutse mai kaifi. Huɗu daga cikinsu suka hau tsauni suna zuwa wajena. Lokacin da suka kusanta sosai da za su ji ni, sai na yi ihu: "Kun san ni?" Suka ce: "A'a. Wane ne kai?" Na ce: "Ni ne Salamah ɗan Al-Akwa'. Zan iya kashe duk wanda na so daga cikinku, amma babu wanda zai iya kashe ni." Sai suka juya baya. Ban tashi daga wurina ba sai da na ga dawakan Manzon Allah ﷺ, waɗanda suka zo suna hawa ta cikin bishiyoyi. Na gaba daga cikinsu shi ne Akhram, bayansa Abu Qatadah Al-Ansari, sannan Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad. Akhram da 'Abdur Rahman Al-Fazari suka haɗu da juna cikin yaƙi. Akhram ya yanke wa dokin 'Abdur Rahman kafa, amma shi ya samu ya soke shi da mashinsa ya kashe shi. 'Abdur Rahman ya juya yana hawan dokin Akhram. Abu Qatadah, da ya ga haka, ya shiga yaƙi mai tsanani da 'Abdur Rahman, ya soke shi da mashinsa, sai ya mutu. Sai mushrikai suka gudu, ni kuma ina bin su har kafin faɗuwar rana suka isa wani kwari mai maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ake kira Dhu Qarad. Suka huta a can don su sha ruwa. Amma ni, na bi su da gudu mai tsanani, na kore su daga kwarin kafin su sha ko digon ruwa. Daga baya, Manzon Allah ﷺ tare da sahabbansa suka riske ni. Na ce masa: "Ya Manzon Allah, bari in zaɓa daga cikin mutanenmu mutum ɗari, in bi ɓarayin in kawar da su gaba ɗaya." Sai Manzon Allah ﷺ ya amsa da cewa: "Ibn Al-Akwa', ka riga ka ɗauki isasshe, yanzu sai ka nuna jinƙai; yanzu sun isa mazaunin Ghatfan, inda ake ba su abinci." Ya ƙara da cewa: "Mafi kyan mahayinmu a yau shi ne Abu Qatadah, mafi kyan mai tafiya a ƙafa a yau kuma shi ne Salamah." Ya ba ni rabo biyu na ganima: rabon mahayi da rabon mai tafiya a ƙafa, ya haɗa su biyu ya ba ni. Yana niyyar komawa Madina, sai ya sa ni na hau a bayansa a kan rakumarsa mai suna Al-'Adba'.

By Allâh, I continued shooting at them and hamstringing their animals. Whenever a horseman turned upon me, I would come to a tree (hid myself) sitting at its base, shoot at him and hamstring his horse. At last they entered a narrow mountain gorge. I ascended that mountain and held them at bay throwing stones at them. I continued to chase them in this way until I got all the camels released with no one left with them. They fled in all directions and I following and shooting at them continually until they dropped more than thirty mantles and thirty lances, lightening their burden. On everything they dropped, I put a mark with a stone so that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) and his Companions might recognize them (that it was booty left by the enemy). They went on until they came to a narrow valley. They sat down to eat something, and I sat on the top of a tapering rock. Four of them ascended the mountain coming towards me. When they were near enough to hear me, I shouted: “Do you recognize me?” They said: “No. Who are you?” I said: “I am Salamah son of Al-Akwa‘. I can kill anyone of you I like but none of you can kill me.” So they returned. I did not move from my place until I saw the horsemen of the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him), who came riding through the trees. The foremost among them was Akhram, behind him was Abu Qatadah Al-Ansari followed by Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad. Akhram and ‘Abdur Rahman Al-Fazari met in combat. Akhram hamstrung ‘Abdur Rahman’s horse but the latter managed to strike him with his lance and kill him. ‘Abdur Rahman turned around riding Akhram’s horse. Abu Qatadah, seeing this, got engaged in fierce combat with ‘Abdur Rahman, smote him with his lance and it was fatal. The polytheists consequently fled away and I was in their pursuit until before sunset they reached a valley with a spring of water called Dhu Qarad. They rested there to have a drink. I however, running in hot pursuit, turned them out of the valley before they could drink a drop of water. Later on, the Prophet (Peace be upon him), along with his Companions, overtook me. I addressed him saying: Messenger of Allâh, let me select from our people one hundred men and I will follow the marauders and finish them. In reply, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: “Ibn Al-Akwa‘, you have taken enough and so now you have to show magnanimity; now they have reached the habitation of Ghatfan where they are being feted.” He added saying: “Our best horseman today is Abu Qatadah, and our best footman today is Salamah.” He allotted me two shares of the booty - the share meant for the horseman and the other meant for the footman, and combined both of them for me. Intending to return to Madinah, he made me mount behind him on his she-camel called Al-‘Adba’.