Após ya ci nasara kan rundunonin Ƙungiyar Ahzab guda biyu masu ƙarfi, Annabi ﷺ ya fara shirye-shiryen horar da ɓangare na uku, watau Balarabe ɗan hamada, waɗanda suka zauna a Najd, suka ci gaba da al'adunsu na fashi da kwace dukiyar wasu. Ba kamar Yahudawan Khaibar da mutanen Makkah ba, sun fi son rayuwa a jeji, suna warwatse a wurare daban-daban, don haka ya yi wahala a shawo kansu, kuma babu amfanin gudanar da yaƙe-yaƙen hukunci a kansu. Duk da haka, Annabi ﷺ ya ƙudurta kawo ƙarshen wannan hali da ba za a amince da shi ba, ya kira Musulmi da ke kewaye da shi su shirya domin ƙaddamar da yaƙi mai tsanani a kan waɗancan ƴan tawaye masu cutarwa. A halin nan, an kawo masa labari cewa Banu Muharib da Banu Tha'labah na kabilar Ghatfan suna tara sojoji domin fuskantar Musulmi. Annabi ﷺ ya nufi Najd a kan mutum 400 ko 700, bayan ya ba Abu Dhar - a wata riwaya, Uthman bin Affan - amanar kula da al'amuran Madina a lokacin rashinsa. Mayaƙan Musulmi sun shiga cikin ƙasarsu har suka kai wani wuri da ake kira Nakhlah, inda suka haɗu da wasu Balarabe na Ghatfan, amma ba a yi faɗa ba, domin waɗancan sun amince su yi sulhu da Musulmi. Annabi ﷺ ya jagoranci sallar tsoro ga mabiyansa a ranar. Al-Bukhari, daga Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari, ya ruwaito cewa sun fita yaƙi tare da Manzon Allah ﷺ. "Mun kasance mutum shida, kuma muna da raƙumi ɗaya kawai da muke hawa a juye. Ƙafafunmu sun ji rauni. Ƙafafuna sun ji rauni sosai har farcena ya faɗi. Saboda haka, muka naɗe ƙafafunmu da tsummoki, don haka aka kira wannan yaƙi da sunan Dhat-ur-Riqa' (watau yaƙin tsummoki)."

Having subdued two powerful sides of the Confederates coalition, the Prophet peace be upon him started preparations to discipline the third party, i.e. the desert bedouins, who took Najd for habitation, and continued in their usual practices of looting and plundering. Unlike the Jews of Khaibar and people of Makkah, they had a liking for living in the wilderness dispersed in scattered spots, hence the difficulty of bringing them under control, and the futility of carrying out deterrent campaigns against them. However, the Prophet peace be upon him was determined to put an end to this unacceptable situation and called the Muslims around him to get ready to launch a decisive campaign against those harassing rebels. Meanwhile it was reported to him that Bani Muharib and Banu Tha'lbah of the Ghatfan tribe were gathering army in order to encounter the Muslims. The Prophet peace be upon him proceeded towards Najd at the head of 400 or 700 men, after he had mandated Abu Dhar - in another version, 'Uthman bin 'Affan - to dispose the affairs of Madinah during his absence. The Muslim fighters penetrated deep into their land until they reached a spot called Nakhlah where they came across some bedouins of Ghatfan, but no fighting took place because the latter had agreed to go into reconciliation with the Muslims. The Prophet peace be upon him led his followers that day in a prayer of fear. Al-Bukhari, on the authority of Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari, narrated that they set out on an expedition with the Messenger of Allâh peace be upon him. "We were six in number and had (with us) only one camel which we rode turn by turn. Our feet were injured. My feet were so badly injured that my nails came off. We, therefore, bandaged our feet with rags, so this expedition was called Dhat-ur-Riqa' (i.e. the expedition of rags.)".

Jabir ya ruwaito: A lokacin yakin Dhat-ur-Riqa', mun isa wata bishiya mai ganye inda Manzon Allah ﷺ ya zauna yana kare kansa daga rana mai zafi. Sauran mutane sun warwatsa a nan da can suna neman mafaka daga zafi. Manzon Allah ﷺ ya yi barci na dan lokaci bayan ya rataye takobinsa a kan bishiyar. Sai wani mushrik ya zo, ya kwace takobin ya zare shi.

Jabir narrated: In the course of Dhat-ur-Riqa' expedition, we came to a leafy tree where the Prophet peace be upon him sat shading himself off the burning sun. The others dispersed here and there seeking shelter from heat. The Prophet peace be upon him had a short nap after he had hung his sword on the tree. A polytheist, meanwhile came, seized the sword and unsheathed it.

Annabi ﷺ ya farka ya ga takobinsa a hannun mutumin. Bedouin din ya tambayi Annabi ﷺ (wanda babu makami a hannunsa a lokacin): "Wa zai hana ni kashe ka yanzu?" Sai Annabi ﷺ ya amsa: "Allah ne." A wata riwayar kuma, an ruwaito cewa Annabi ﷺ ya dauki takobin lokacin da ya fadi, sai mutumin ya ce: "Kai (Annabi ﷺ) ne mafi cancanta da rike takobi." Annabi ﷺ ya tambayi mutumin ko zai shaida Tauhidin Allah da Manzancin Muhammadu ﷺ. Bedouin din ya amsa cewa ba zai taba yaki da shi ba, kuma ba zai hada kai da mutanen da suke yakar Musulmi ba. Annabi ﷺ ya saki mutumin, ya barshi ya koma wurin mutanensa ya fada musu cewa ya ga mafi kyau a cikin dukkan mutane.

The Prophet peace be upon him woke up to find his sword drawn in the man's hand. The bedouin here asked the Prophet (unarmed then): "Who would hold me back from killing you now?" The Prophet peace be upon him then answered: "It is Allâh." In another version, it was reported that the Prophet peace be upon him took the sword when it had fallen down and the man said: "You (the Prophet) are the best one to hold a sword." The Prophet peace be upon him asked the man if he would testify to the Oneness of Allâh and the Messengership of Muhammad. The Arabian answered that he would never engage in a fight against him, nor would he ally people fighting the Muslims. The Prophet peace be upon him set the man free and let him go to his people to say to them that he had seen the best one among all people.

Wata mace daga Larabawa aka kama ta a fursuna a cikin yanayin wannan yaƙi. Mijinta, da ya ji labarin, ya rantse cewa ba zai daina ba sai ya zub da jinin wani Musulmi. A ɓoye da dare, ya matso kusa da sansanin Musulmi, sai ya ga masu tsaro biyu da aka sanya a can domin faɗakar da Musulmi game da duk wani gaggawa. Ya harbi na farko, Abbad bin Bishr, wanda yake yin sallah, da kibiya, amma bai daina sallah ba, sai kawai ya cire ta. Sa'an nan aka harbe shi da wasu kibiyoyi uku, amma bai katse sallarsa ba. Bayan ya gama sallama ta ƙarshe, ya tashi abokinsa 'Ammar bin Yasir, wanda ya yi korafi cewa da ya faɗakar da shi, sai ɗayan ya amsa da cewa yana tsakiyar wata Sura kuma bai so ya katse ta ba.

A woman from the Arabians was taken prisoner in the context of this battle. Her husband, on hearing the news, swore he would never stop until he had shed the blood of a Muslim. Secretly at night, he approached the camp of the Muslims when he saw two sentries stationed there to alert the Muslims against any emergency. He shot the first one, Abbad bin Bishr, who was observing prayer, with an arrow but he did not stop prayer, he simply pulled it out. Then he was shot by three other arrows but would not interrupt his prayer. After he had done the closing salutations, he awakened his companion 'Ammar bin Yasir, who remonstrated that he should have alerted him to which the latter replied that he was half way through a Chapter and did not like to interrupt it.

Nasarar da aka samu a yakin Dhat-ur-Riqa' ta yi tasiri sosai a kan dukkan Larabawa. Ta sa tsoro a zukatansu, kuma ta sa su rasa karfin da za su yi adawa da al'ummar Musulmi a Madina. Sun fara amincewa da halin da ake ciki, suka mika wuya ga sabon yanayin siyasa da yanki wanda ke aiki a amfanin sabuwar addini. Wasu daga cikinsu ma sun karbi Musulunci, suka taka rawa sosai a fatattakar Makka da yakin Hunain, kuma suka karbi rabonsu na ganima. Daga wannan lokaci zuwa gaba, kawancen kasashe uku masu adawa da Musulunci ya ragu, zaman lafiya da tsaro kuma suka yi tasiri. Musulmi sannan suka fara gyara duk wani rashin daidaito a siyasa, suka cike kananan gibin da har yanzu ke haifar da rashin zaman lafiya a wurare daban-daban, a fuskantar babban yunkurin musuluntar da ya game dukkan yankin. A cikin wannan mahallin, za mu iya ambaton wasu daga cikin wadannan karo-karo na lokaci-lokaci, wadanda suka nuna a fili karfin al'ummar Musulmi da ke ci gaba da karuwa.

The victory at the expedition of Dhat-ur-Riqa' had a tremendous impact on all the Arabians. It cast fear into their hearts and rendered them too powerless to antagonize the Muslim society in Madinah. They began to acquiesce in the prevailing situation and resigned themselves to new geo-political conditions working in favour of the new religion. Some of them even embraced Islam and took an active part in the conquest of Makkah and the battle of Hunain, and received their due shares of the war booty. From that time onward, the anti-Islam tripartite coalition had been subdued, and peace and security prevailed. The Muslims, then started to redress any political imbalance and fill in the small gaps that still triggered unrest here and there in the face of the great drive of Islamization that enveloped the whole area. We could in this context mention some of these incidental skirmishes which pointed markedly to the ever-growing power of the Muslim society.

• 1. Wata runduna karkashin jagorancin Ghalib bin 'Abdullah Al-Laithi a watan Safar ko Rabi' Al-Awwal na shekara ta 7 bayan hijira aka aika domin dakile halin tsokana na Banu Al-Muluh. Musulmi sun yi nasarar kashe sojojin abokan gaba masu yawa, kuma sun kwace ganima mai yawa. Wani babban rundunar masu bautar gumaka ta bi sawunsu cikin gaggawa, amma ambaliyar ruwa ta hana bin su, sai Musulmi suka janye lafiya.

• 1. A platoon headed by Ghalib bin 'Abdullah Al-Laithi in Safar or in Rabi' Al-Awwal 7 A.H. was despatched to muffle the provocative behaviour of Bani Al-Muluh. The Muslims managed to kill a large number of the enemy soldiers and captured a great deal of booty. A large army of polytheists rushed in their heel but floods hindered the pursuit, and the Muslims managed to withdraw in safety.

• 2. 'Umar bin Al-Khattab, tare da rundunar sojoji talatin, ya tafi wani wuri da ake kira Turbah a watan Sha'ban na shekara ta 7 bayan Hijira, don horar da mutanen Hawazin. Bai ma kai ga mazauninsu ba sai suka gudu don tsira da rayukansu.

• 2. 'Umar bin Al-Khattab, at the head of a 30-soldier group, set out to a spot called Turbah in Sha'ban 7 A.H. to discipline the people of Hawazin. He no longer arrived at their habitation that they fled for their lives.

3. Mutum talatin tare da Basheer bin Sa'd Al-Ansari sun tafi kan Bani Murrah a watan Sha'aban na shekara ta 7 bayan hijira, a yankin Fadak. Ya kashe adadi mai yawa daga cikin abokan gaba, ya kuma kwace rakuma da dabbobi masu yawa daga gare su. A hanyarsa ta dawowa, abokan gaba suka tara sojoji suka kama Musulmi da dare. Suka harba Basheer da mutanensa da kibau, suka kashe dukkan Musulmai sai Basheer, wanda ya nemi mafaka a Fadak ya zauna tare da Yahudawan can har raunukansa suka warke.

• 3. Thirty men with Basheer bin Sa'd Al-Ansari headed for Bani Murrah in Sha'ban 7 A.H. in Fadak area. He killed a large number of the enemy and seized a lot of their camels and cattle. On his way back, the enemy gathered up forces and overtook the Muslims at night. They showered Basheer and his men with arrows, and killed all the Muslims except Basheer, who took refuge in Fadak and stayed with the Jews there until his wounds healed.

• 4. Ghalib bin 'Abdullah Al-Laithi, a kan shugabancin wata runduna ta mutum 130, ya kai hari kan Bani 'Awâl da Bani 'Abd bin Tha'lbah a watan Ramadan na shekara ta 7 bayan hijira. Sun kashe wasu daga cikin mutanen abokan gaba, suka kuma kwace shanunsu da raƙumansu. 'Usama bin Zaid ya kashe Mardas bin Nahik, wani mushrik, amma bayan ya riga ya furta shaidar tauhidin Allah. Game da wannan lamari, Annabi ﷺ ya yi tsokaci yana mai magana da sahabbansa: "Shin za ku tsaga zuciyarsa don ku gane ko yana faɗin gaskiya ne ko maƙaryaci?".

• 4. Ghalib bin 'Abdullah Al-Laithi at the head of a platoon of 130 men launched an attack against Bani 'Awâl and Bani 'Abd bin Tha'lbah in Ramadan 7 A.H. They killed some of the enemy's men and captured their cattle and camels. 'Usama bin Zaid killed Mardas bin Nahik, a polytheist, but after he had pronounced the testimony of Allâh's Oneness to which incident the Prophet peace be upon him commented addressing his Companions: "Would you rip open his heart to discern whether he is truthful or a liar?".

• 5. Wata tawagar mahaya talatin karkashin jagorancin 'Abdullahi bin Rawaha ta nufi Khaibar bisa labarin cewa Aseer (ko Basheer bin Razam) yana tara sahun Banu Ghatfan domin kai hari ga Musulmi. Sun samu nasarar shawo kan wannan Bayahude su bi su zuwa Madina, suna karfafa masa gwiwa da cewa Annabi ﷺ zai nada shi a matsayin sarkin Khaibar. A hanyar dawowarsu sai wata rashin fahimta ta faru, wadda ta haifar da kazamin fada tsakanin bangarorin biyu, inda Aseer da mutanen nan talatin da ke tare da shi suka mutu.

• 5. A thirty-horseman group headed by 'Abdullah bin Rawaha marched towards Khaibar on reports that Aseer (or Basheer bin Razam) was rallying the ranks of Bani Ghatfan to attack the Muslims: They managed to persuade that Jew to follow them to Madinah encouraging him that the Prophet peace be upon him would institute him as a ruler of Khaibar. On their way back there occurred a sort of misunderstanding that gave rise to fierce fighting between the two parties resulting in the death of Aseer and the thirty men with him.

• 6. A cikin watan Shawwal na shekara ta 7 bayan hijira, Basheer bin Sa'd Al-Ansari ya yi tattaki zuwa Yaman da Jabar a sahun gaba na mayakan Musulmi 300 don murkushe wata babbar gungun mushrikai da suka taru don kai hari a kewayen Madina. Basheer da mutanensa suna tafiya da dare, suna ɓoye da rana har suka isa inda suke so. Da mushrikan suka ji labarin zuwan Musulmi, sai suka gudu suka bar dukiya mai yawa da mutum biyu, waɗanda daga baya suka karɓi Musulunci a lokacin da suka isa Madina. • 7. A shekara ta 7 bayan hijira, ɗan lokaci kafin umrar ramawa, wani mutum mai suna Jashm bin Mu'awiyah ya zo wani wuri da ake kira Ghabah, inda yake son tara mutanen Qais ya ƙwaɗaitar da su su yaƙi Musulmi. Manzon Allah ﷺ, da ya ji waɗannan labarai, ya aika Abu Hadrad tare da mutum biyu don duba al'amarin. Abu Hadrad, ta hanyar wata dabara mai kaifin basira, ya samu ya fatattaki abokan gaba ya kwace dabbobinsu masu yawa.

• 6. In Shawwal 7 A.H., Basheer bin Sa'd Al-Ansari marched towards Yemen and Jabar at the head of 300 Muslim fighters to subdue a large mob of polytheists who gathered to raid the outskirts of Madinah. Basheer and his men used to march at night and lurk during the day until they reached their destination. Having heard about the advent of the Muslims, the polytheists fled away leaving behind them a large booty and two men who later embraced Islam on arrival in Madinah. • 7. In the year 7 A.H., shortly before the Compensatory 'Umrah (lesser pilgrimage), a man called Jashm bin Mu'awiyah came to a spot called Ghabah where he wanted to gather the people of Qais and entice them into fighting the Muslims. The Prophet peace be upon him, on hearing these reports, despatched Abu Hadrad with two men to see to the situation. Abu Hadrad, through a clever strategy, managed to rout the enemy and capture a lot of their cattle.

Lokacin da watan Dhul Qa'da ya kusanci ƙarshen shekara ta bakwai bayan hijira, Annabi ﷺ ya umarci mutanensa, musamman mazan da suka halarci yarjejeniyar sulhun Al-Hudaibiyah, da su shirya domin yin 'Umrah (ƙaramin aikin Hajji). Ya tafi tare da mutum 2000, da wasu mata da yara, da raƙuma 60 domin yanka, don ziyartar Haramin Makka. Musulmi sun ɗauki makamansu tare da su saboda tsoron cin amanar Quraishawa, amma sun bar su a hannun wata jama'a ta mutum ɗari biyu a wani wuri kusan mil takwas daga Makka. Suka shiga birnin da takubbansu a cikin kubensu, Annabi ﷺ yana gaba a kan raƙumar sa mace, Al-Qaswa', yayin da sahabbai suka kewaye shi suna kallonsa sosai, suna cewa duka: "Ga mu, a shirye muke da umarninka, ya Allah!" Quraishawa sun bar wurin suka koma tantunansu a kan tuddai makwabta. Musulmi suka yi tawaf na yau da kullum cikin ƙarfi da sauri; kuma bisa shawarar Annabi ﷺ suka yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsu don su bayyana ƙarfi da juriya a tawafinsu, domin masu bautar gumaka sun yaɗa jita-jitar cewa sun raunana saboda zazzaɓin Yathrib (Madina) ya gushe ƙarfinsu. An umarce su da su yi gudu a zagayen farko uku, sannan su yi tafiya a sauran. Mutanen Makka kuwa sun taru a saman dutsen Qu'aiqa'an suna kallon Musulmi, harshensu ya kulle saboda mamakin ƙarfinsu da sadaukarwarsu. Lokacin da suka shiga Haramin, Abdullahi bin Rawaha ya yi tafiya a gaban Annabi ﷺ yana karanta:

When Dhul Qa'da month approached towards the close of the seventh year A.H., the Prophet peace be upon him ordered his people, and the men who witnessed Al-Hudaibiyah Truce Treaty in particular, to make preparations to perform 'Umrah (lesser pilgrimage). He proceeded with 2000 men besides some women and children, and 60 camels for sacrifice, to visit the Holy Sanctuary in Makkah. The Muslims took their weapons with them fearing the treachery of the Quraishites, but left them with a party of two hundred men at a place some eight miles from Makkah. They entered the city with the swords in their scabbards, with the Prophet peace be upon him at their head on his she-camel, Al-Qaswa', while the surrounding Companions attentively focusing their look on him, all saying: "Here I am! at Your service O Allâh!" The Quraishites had left the place and retired to their tents on the adjoining hills. The Muslims performed the usual circumambulation vigorously and briskly; and on recommendation by the Prophet peace be upon him they did their best to appear strong and steadfast in their circumambulation as the polytheists had spread rumours that they were weak because the fever of Yathrib (Madinah) had sapped their strength. They were ordered to run in the first three rounds and then walk in the remaining ones. The Makkans meanwhile aligned on the top of Qu'aiqa'an Mount watching the Muslims, tongue-tied at witnessing their strength and devotion. When they entered the Holy Sanctuary, 'Abdullah bin Rawaha walked before the Prophet peace be upon him reciting:

"Ku bar hanyarsa, ku kafirai, ku ba da hanya, za mu yake ku game da saukarsa da bugun da zai raba kai da kafaɗu, kuma ya sa aboki ya manta da aboki." Bayan tafiya da gudu na ibada tsakanin tuddai biyu na Makka, Safa da Marwa, Annabi ﷺ tare da Musulmai sun tsaya a wurin ƙarshe don yanka dabbobin hadaya da aske kawunansu.

Ya kasance yaƙi mafi muhimmanci kuma mafi tsanani a lokacin rayuwar Manzon Allah ﷺ, mafari kuma gabatarwa ga manyan fatattakar ƙasar Kiristoci. Ya faru ne a watan Jumada Al-Ula, shekara ta 8 bayan Hijira / Satumba 629 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa. Mu'tah ƙauye ne da ke kan iyakar Siriya ta fuskar ƙasa.

It was the most significant and the fiercest battle during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allâh peace be upon him, a preliminary and a prelude to the great conquests of the land of the Christians. It took place in Jumada Al-Ula 8 A.H. / September 629 A.D. Mu'tah is a village that lies on the borders of geographical Syria.

Manzon Allah ﷺ ya aika Al-Harith bin 'Umair Al-Azdi da wasiƙa zuwa ga sarkin Busra. A hanyarsa, Sharhabeel bin 'Amr Al-Ghassani, gwamnan Al-Balqa' kuma aminin kusa da Kaisar, sarkin Ruman, ya tare shi. Al-Ghassani ya ɗaure Al-Harith ya kuma yanke masa kai. Kisan jakadu da manzanni a da ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin laifi mafi muni, kuma yana kai ga matakin shelar yaƙi. Manzon Allah ﷺ ya girgiza sosai a lokacin da ya ji labarin, sai ya umarci a tara wata babbar runduna ta mutum 3000 a aika su arewa domin hukunta masu take hakki. Ita ce babbar rundunar Musulmi da aka taɓa tarawa a irin wannan girma, sai dai a lokacin Yakin Ƙungiyoyin Haɗin Kai.

The Prophet peace be upon him had sent Al-Harith bin 'Umair Al-Azdi on an errand to carry a letter to the ruler of Busra. On his way, he was intercepted by Sharhabeel bin 'Amr Al-Ghassani, the governor of Al-Balqa' and a close ally to Caesar, the Byzantine Emperor. Al-Harith was tied and beheaded by Al-Ghassani. Killing envoys and messengers used to be regarded as the most awful crime, and amounted to the degree of war declaration. The Prophet peace be upon him was shocked on hearing the news and ordered that a large army of 3000 men be mobilized and despatched to the north to discipline the transgressors. It was the largest Muslim army never mobilized on this scale except in the process of the Confederates Battle.

An an naɗa Zaid bin Haritha ya jagoranci rundunar. Idan aka kashe shi, Ja'far bin Abi Talib zai maye gurbinsa, kuma idan Ja'far ya fāɗi, 'Abdullah bin Rawaha zai gaji Ja'far. An ɗaga farar tuta aka miƙa wa Zaid.

Zaid bin Haritha was appointed to lead the army. Ja'far bin Abi Talib would replace him if he was killed, and 'Abdullah bin Rawaha would succeed Ja'far in case the latter fell. A white banner was raised and handed over to Zaid.

Annabi ﷺ ya ba da shawarar cewa su isa wurin kisan Al-Harith, su kira mutanen su karɓi Musulunci. Idan mutanen suka amsa da kyau, to babu yaƙi da zai biyo baya; in ba haka ba, yaƙi da su zai zama zaɓi na ƙarshe da ya rage. Ya umarce su da cewa: "Ku yaƙi kafirai da sunan Allah, kada ku karya alkawari, kuma kada ku yi cin amana, kuma a kowane hali kada a kashe jariri, mace, tsoho ko mai ibada a keɓe; haka kuma kada a yanke bishiyoyi ko a rushe gidaje." A ƙarshen shirye-shiryen yaƙin, mutanen Madina suka taru suka yi wa rundunar ban kwana. 'Abdullahi bin Rawaha ya fara kuka a wannan lokaci, kuma sa'ad da aka tambaye shi dalilin kukansa, ya rantse cewa ba don son duniya ba ne, ko don sha'awar kyawun rayuwa, a'a, sai dai saboda Maganar Allah da ke magana game da Wuta, wadda ya ji Annabi ﷺ yana karantawa.

Dhat As-Salasil wuri ne da ke a arewacin Madinah, nisan tafiyar kwana goma. An ce Musulmi sun sauka a wani wuri mai rijiya ta ruwa da ake kira Salsal, saboda haka aka sanya masa suna Dhat As-Salasil. Saboda haɗakar kabilun Larabawa da ke kan iyakar Sham da Rumawa, Annabi ﷺ ya ga ya zama wajibi cikin gaggawa a aiwatar da wani shiri mai hikima wanda zai iya kawo zaman lafiya da waɗancan Balarabe, a lokaci guda kuma ya raba su da Rumawa. Domin aiwatar da wannan shiri, ya zaɓi 'Amr bin Al-'As, wanda kakarsa ta wajen uba ta fito daga Bali, wata kabila da ke zaune a wannan yanki. Wannan manufa, tare da motsin soja na tsokana daga Bani Quda'a, ta haifar da wannan farmaki na kariya wanda ya fara a watan Jumada Ath-Thaniya, shekara ta 8 bayan hijira.

Dhat As-Salasil is a spot situated ten days' walk north of Madinah. The Muslims are said to have encamped in a place with a well of water called Salsal, hence the terminology Dhat As-Salasil. In view of the alliance between the Arabian tribes on the borders of Syria and the Byzantines, the Prophet peace be upon him deemed it of top urgency to carry out a wisely-planned manoeuvre that might bring about a state of rapport with those bedouins, and would at the same time detach them from the Byzantines. For the implementation of this plan, he chose 'Amr bin Al-'As, whose paternal grandmother came from Bali, a tribe dwelling in that area. This motive in mind, combined with provocative military movements, by Bani Quda'a, precipitated this preemptive strike which started in Jumada Ath-Thaniya, 8 A.H.

'Amr bin Al-'As an ba shi tuta fari mai baƙin tuta a kanta. Ya tashi a gaban mutum 300 na Muhājirai da Anṣār, tare da runduna ta dawakai mutum 30, aka kuma umarce shi da neman taimako daga kabilun Bali, 'Udhra da Balqain. Yakan yi tafiya da dare, ya kuma yi ɓoye da rana. Da ya matso kusa da layin abokan gāba ya ga yawan sojojin da suka taru, sai ya aika neman ƙarin taimako daga Madina, sai suka iso wurin ƙarƙashin jagorancin Abū 'Ubaida bin Al-Jarrāḥ, tare da wasu mutum 200 da kuma sauran ɓangarori, ciki har da Abū Bakr da 'Umar bin Al-Khaṭṭāb. An ba dukansu umarni mai tsauri da su haɗa kai, su yi aiki cikin jituwa, kuma kada su bar wani gurbi don saɓani. Da tsakar rana, Abū 'Ubaida ya so ya jagoranci Musulmai wajen salla, amma 'Amr ya ƙi, yana mai cewa shi kawai ya zo ne don ya taimaka, don haka jagorancin salla yana hannun 'Amr.

'Amr bin Al-'As was awarded a white flag with a black banner to go with it. He set out at the head of 300 Emigrants and Helpers assisted by a cavalry of 30 men, and was recommended to seek help from Bali, 'Udhra and Balqain tribes. He used to march at night and lurk during the day. On approaching the enemy lines and realizing the large build up of men, he sent for reinforcements from Madinah, and these arrived on the spot headed by Abu 'Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah leading further 200 men as well as other platoons including Abu Bakr and 'Umar bin Al-Khattab. All of them were given strict orders to cooperate, work in harmony and never leave any area for disagreement. At noon, Abu 'Ubaidah wanted to lead the Muslims in prayer, but 'Amr objected on grounds that the former came only to assist, and leadership in prayer was given to 'Amr.

Ibn Al-Qaiyim ya bayyana fathin Makkah a matsayin mafi girma daga cikin fatuhai, wanda Allah ya girmama addininsa, Manzonsa, sojojinsa, da jam'iyyarsa mai gaskiya da ita. Ta haka ne ya ceci Ka'aba Mai Alfarma, wadda dukkan mutane ke neman shiriya daga gare ta. Ya kasance mafi girman al'amari mai albarka a sama da kasa. Ya kasance mafi muhimmancin gabatarwa ga sabon zamani wanda zai shaida babban tafiyar musulunta da shigar mutane cikin addinin Musulunci a runduna masu yawa. Ya kuma ba da fuska mai haskakawa har abada da tushen zaburarwa mafi haske ga duniya baki daya.

Ibn Al-Qaiyim described the conquest of Makkah as the greatest one by which Allâh honoured His religion, Messenger, soldiers and honest party. He thereby rescued the Sacred House, whose guidance all people seek. It was the greatest propitious event in heaven and on earth. It was the most significant prelude to a new era that was to witness the great march of Islamization and the entry of people into the fold of Islam in huge hosts. It provided an ever shining face and a most glowing source of inspiration to the whole earth.

بِحسب شروط صُلح الحُدَيْبِيَة، خُيِّرت القبائل العربية في أن تنضم إلى أيٍّ من الطرفين، المسلمين أو قريش، الذي تُريد أن تدخل معه في حلف عهد. وإذا تعرّضت أيٌّ من هذه القبائل لعدوان، كان للطرف الذي تحالفت معه الحق في الرد والانتقام. وعليه انضمت بنو بكر إلى قريش، وانضمت خُزاعة إلى النبي ﷺ. فعاشوا في سلام مدة من الزمن، لكن دوافع خفية تعود إلى الجاهلية، أشعلتها نار الثأر التي لا تخمد، أحدثت عداوات جديدة. فنقضت بنو بكر، غير مكترثة البتة بأحكام المعاهدة، هجومها على بني خُزاعة في موضع يُدعى الوَتِير في شعبان من السنة الثامنة للهجرة. وساعدت قريش بنو بكر بالرجال والسلاح، مستغلة ظلمة الليل. ولما ضاقت بهم خُزاعة وطأة أعدائهم، لجأوا إلى الحرم الشريف، لكن لم تُحقن دماؤهم هناك أيضًا، فخلافًا لجميع الأعراف المقبولة، طارد نوفل، زعيم بني بكر، أعداءه في المنطقة المقدسة التي لا يجوز أن يُسفك فيها الدم، فذبحهم.

According to the terms of the treaty of Hudaibiyah, the Arab tribes were given the option to join either of the parties, the Muslims or Quraish, with which they desired to enter into treaty alliance. Should any of these tribes suffer aggression, then the party to which it was allied would have the right to retaliate. As a consequence, Banu Bakr joined Quraish, and Khuza'ah joined the Prophet peace be upon him. They thus lived in peace for sometime but ulterior motives stretching back to pre-Islamic period ignited by unabated fire of revenge triggered fresh hostilities. Banu Bakr, without caring a bit for the provisions of the treaty, attacked Banu Khuza'ah in a place called Al-Wateer in Sha'ban, 8 A.H. Quraish helped Banu Bakr with men and arms taking advantage of the dark night. Pressed by their enemies, the tribesmen of Khuza'ah sought the Holy Sanctuary, but here too, their lives were not spared, and, contrary to all accepted traditions, Nawfal, the chief of Banu Bakr, chasing them in the sanctified area - where no blood should be shed - massacred his adversaries.

Lokacin da bangaren da aka cuta ya nemi adalci daga abokan kawancensu Musulmai, Manzon Allah ﷺ, a matsayinsa na shugaba, ya bukaci a gaggauta biyan diyya ba wai kawai saboda keta yarjejeniyar ba, har ma saboda kisan mutanen da ke kawance da shi a cikin yankin mai tsarki. An gabatar da bukatu uku, kuma dole ne a karbi daya daga cikinsu.

When the aggrieved party sought justice from their Muslim allies, the Prophet peace be upon him, as their leader, demanded an immediate redress for not only violating the treaty but also slaying men allied to him in the sanctified area. Three demands were made, the acceptance of any one of them was imperative:

• a) biyan diyya ga waɗanda suka mutu daga Khuza'ah,.

• a) to pay blood money for the victims of Khuza'ah,.

• b) don kawo ƙarshen ƙawancensu da Banu Bakr; ko.

• b) to terminate their alliance with Banu Bakr; or.

Ta hanyar At-Tabari, Manzon Allah ﷺ ya nemi 'Aisha رضي الله عنها, matarsa, kwana uku kafin ya samu labarin cin amana, da ta shirya abubuwan da ake shiryawa na fita yaƙi. Abu Bakr kuwa ya shigo ya tambayi 'Aisha رضي الله عنها menene al'amarin, yana nuna mamaki game da shirye-shiryen da ake yi, domin ba lokacin yaƙi ba ne, kamar yadda ya ce. Ta amsa da cewa ba ta san komai ba. Da safiyar rana ta uku, 'Amr bin Salim Al-Khuza'i ya zo tare da mahaya arba'in don ya bayyana wa Manzon Allah ﷺ halin da mutanensa suke ciki, yana neman taimakon Musulmi don ramuwa. Sai mutanen Madina suka sani cewa Quraishawa sun karya yarjejeniya. Budail ya biyo bayan 'Amr, sannan Abu Sufyan, labarin kuma ya tabbata ba tare da shakka ba.

On the authority of At-Tabari, the Messenger of Allâh peace be upon him asked 'Aishah رضي الله عنها, his spouse three days prior to receiving news relating to breaching of covenant, to make preparations peculiar to marching out for war. Abu Bakr, meanwhile, came in and asked 'Aishah رضي الله عنها what the matter was, showing surprise at the preparations being made as it was not, as he said, the usual time for war. She replied that she had no idea. On the morning of the third day 'Amr bin Sâlim Al-Khuza'i arrived in the company of forty horsemen to brief the Prophet peace be upon him on the plight of his people and seeking the Muslims' help for retaliation. People of Madinah then got to know that Quraish had breached the covenant. Budail followed 'Amr, and then Abu Sufyan and the news was unequivocally confirmed.

Domin a boye cikakken labarin game da shirye-shiryen yakinsa, Annabi ﷺ ya aika da wata tawaga ta mutum takwas karkashin jagorancin Qatadah bin Rab'i zuwa yankin Edam, wanda ke da nisa kadan daga Madinah, a watan Ramadan na shekara ta 8 bayan hijira, domin ya karkatar da hankalin mutane tare da boye babban manufar da yake shiryawa.

With view of securing a complete news black-out concerning his military intentions, the Prophet peace be upon him despatched an eight-men platoon under the leadership of Qatadah bin Rab'i in the direction of Edam, a short distance from Madinah, in Ramadan 8 A.H., in order to divert the attention of people and screen off the main target with which he was preoccupied.

Ya kasance a lokacin akwai tsoro da fargaba a ko'ina, har Hatib, ɗaya daga cikin amintattun sahabban Annabi ﷺ, ya aika da wata mace manzo da wasiƙa zuwa Makka a ɓoye, wadda ke ɗauke da labarin harin da ake shirin kaiwa. Annabi ﷺ ya samu labari daga sama game da abin da Hatib ya aikata, sai ya aika Ali da Al-Miqdad da umarnin su bi bayan matar. Suka riske ta, kuma bayan dogon bincike suka gano wasiƙar a ɓoye cikin gashin kanta. Annabi ﷺ ya kira Hatib ya tambaye shi abin da ya sa shi yin wannan aiki. Ya amsa da cewa, "Ya Manzon Allah ﷺ! Ni ba ni da danginci na jini da Quraishawa; akwai dangantaka ta abokantaka kawai tsakanina da su. Iyalina suna Makka, kuma babu wanda zai kula da su ko ya ba su kariya. Matsayina ya bambanta sosai da na 'yan hijira waɗanda iyalansu suna cikin tsaro saboda dangantakar jini da Quraishawa. Na ji cewa tunda ba ni da alaƙa da su, ya kamata, don kare 'ya'yana, in sami alherinsu ta hanyar yi musu alheri. Na rantse da Allah cewa ban aikata wannan aiki ba a matsayin mai ridda, mai barin Musulunci. Abin da ya motsa ni kawai shi ne dalilan da na bayyana yanzu."

A ranan nan, Annabi ﷺ ya shiga gidan Umm Hani, inda ya yi wanka sannan ya yi sallar nasara. Umm Hani ta ba wasu dangi biyu nata daga Makka mafaka a cikin gidanta, kuma saboda wannan aiki Annabi ﷺ ya ba ta goyon baya.

On that very day, the Prophet peace be upon him entered 'Umm Hani's house where he washed and offered prayers of victory. 'Umm Hani had sheltered two Makkan relatives of hers in her house in which act she was granted support by the Prophet peace be upon him.

An Alkawari, an zub da jinin manyan masu laifi tara an halatta shi koda a karkashin labulen Al-Ka'bah. Duk da haka, mutum hudu ne kawai aka kashe, yayin da sauran aka yafe musu saboda dalilai daban-daban. Game da wadanda aka kashe, ana iya ambatar 'Abdul 'Uzza bin Khatal, wanda ya musulunta sannan aka nada shi ya karbi zakkar, tare da wani Ansari. Suna da wani bawa tare da su. 'Abdullah, cikin fushi, ya kashe bawan Ansarin saboda wata karamar takaddama, sannan ya koma ga larabawan arna a matsayin mai ridda. Bai taba nadama kan wannan babban laifi ba, sai ma ya yi amfani da mata biyu mawaka ya ba su umarnin yin waka suna yi wa Annabi ﷺ izgili. Wani mutum da aka kashe shi ne Miqyas bin Sababa. Shi musulmi ne. Wani Ansari ya kashe dan uwansa Hisham ba da gangan ba. Annabi ﷺ ya shirya a biya shi diyya, wadda ya karba. Duk da haka, zuciyarsa ta ramuwa ba ta taba kwanciya ba, sai ya kashe Ansarin ya koma Makkah a matsayin mai ridda. Haka kuma, Huwairith da wata mawaka mace an kashe su. A daya bangaren kuma, an yi kowane irin kokari don a yafe wa mutane. 'Ikrimah bin Abu Jahl, wanda ya kai hari kan rundunar Khalid a lokacin shiga Makkah, an yafe masa. Wahshi, wanda ya kashe Hamzah, kawun Annabi ﷺ, da Hind, wadda ta tauna hantarsa, shi ma an nuna masa karamcin yafiya. Haka kuma aka yi wa Habar irin wannan karimci, wanda ya kai wa diyar Annabi ﷺ hari da mashi a hanyarta daga Makkah zuwa Madinah, har ta mutu sakamakon raunukan da ta samu.

Shedding blood of nine arch-criminals was declared lawful even under the curtains of Al-Ka'bah. Nevertheless, only four of them were killed while the others were pardoned for different reasons. As for those who were killed, mention could be made of 'Abdul 'Uzza bin Khatal who had become a Muslim and then deputed to collect alms-tax in the company of a Helper. They had also a slave with them. 'Abdullah, in a fit of rage, killed the Helper's slave on account of a mere trifling dispute, and joined the pagan Arabs as an apostate. He was never repentant at this heinous crime but rather employed two women singers and incited them to sing satirically about the Prophet peace be upon him. The other man who was put to death was Miqyas bin Sababa. He was a Muslim. A Helper accidently killed his brother Hisham. The Prophet peace be upon him had arranged the payment of blood money to him, which he had accepted. His revengeful nature, however, was never appeased, so he killed the Helper and went to Makkah as an apostate. Similarly, Huwairith and one woman singer went to death. On the other hand, every attempt was made to grant pardon to the people. 'Ikrimah bin Abu Jahl, who had attacked Khalid's detachment at the time of the entry into Makkah, was forgiven. To Wahshi, the murderer of Hamzah, the Prophet's uncle, and to Hind, who had chewed his liver, was also extended his generous clemency. The same generous treatment was accorded to Habar who had attacked the Prophet's daughter with a spear, while on her way from Makkah to Madinah, so grievously that she ultimately died of the fatal injuries.