4. Kasoro za Kimfumo za Ubepari
4. Capitalism’s Systemic Flaws
Hisa ya pauni bilioni 500 katika sekta ya benki inaonekana kuwa ni kete ya mwisho ambayo Serikali ya Uingereza inarusha ili kujaribu kuokoa mdororo wa mfumo mzima wa fedha. Kama mcheza kamari aliyepoteza ambaye hurudi kasino tena na tena ili kurejesha hasara zake, Serikali ya Uingereza nayo inaendelea kumwaga fedha halisi za walipa kodi ili kufidia hasara za "mali" za kifedha.
The £500 billon stake in the banking sector appears to be the last throw of the dice by the UK Government in an attempt to rescue systemic collapse in the financial system. Like a losing gambler who returns to the casino repeatedly to recoup his losses the British Government too keeps pouring real tax payers money to cover financial ‘asset’ losses.
Kwa miongo kadhaa, mataifa ya Magharibi yamekuwa yakiyahubiria mataifa mengine kuhusu faida za uhuru wa umiliki kama unavyodhihirishwa katika ubepari wa soko. Zaidi ya hayo, kupitia kampuni za ushauri zinazolipwa mishahara mikubwa, wameunda na kuweka mipango ya ubinafsishaji, sera za biashara huru, miundo ya kampuni za kibepari na shughuli za soko la hisa kote duniani.
Western nations have for decades lectured the world about the benefits of freedom of ownership as epitomised in market capitalism. Not only that, they have, via highly paid consultancies, developed and implanted privatisation programmes, free trade policies, capitalist company structures and stock market operations around the globe.
Kupitia kinachoitwa "makubaliano ya Washington," Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa (IMF) na Benki ya Dunia wamezilazimisha nchi maskini zinazoendelea sera za kibepari, nchi ambazo hazikuwa na uwezo wa kukabiliana na matokeo mabaya ya moja kwa moja ya programu hizi za "marekebisho." Uchumi mzima umeharibiwa kikatili, na matokeo yake yamekuwa mabaya sana. Hata hivyo, wabenki hao (IMF na Benki ya Dunia) wamekuwa wakisema kila mara, na baada ya kila mgogoro, kwamba sera hizi za kibepari ni hatua muhimu katika mwelekeo sahihi.
Through the so-called ‘Washington consensus’ the IMF and World Bank have imposed capitalist policies on poor developing nations ill equipped to deal with the disastrous direct consequences of these ‘adjustment’ programmes. Whole economies have been brutally vandalised with catastrophic consequences. Yet the bankers (IMF and WB) have argued each time and after every crisis that these capitalist policies are a necessary step in the right direction.
Hata hivyo, mataifa ya Magharibi yanapokabiliwa na kuporomoka kwa uchumi wao wenyewe, yamepinga, yamepuuza au yamekipuuza kabisa kile kile kilichoagizwa.
However, faced with an economic collapse at home western nations have contradicted, overlooked or plainly disregarded the same prescription.
Migongano na sera na kanuni za soko huru la kibepari ambazo zinaonyesha wazi kufilisika kiitikadi kwa Magharibi yamekuwa mengi katika mgogoro wa sasa:
Contradictions with capitalist free market policies and principles which provide clear signs of an ideologically bankrupt West have been numerous in the current crisis:
1. Kampuni binafsi zilizokuwa zikipata faida hapo awali na kisha kushindwa zimetaifishwa (k.m. Northern Rock na Royal Bank of Scotland nchini Uingereza, na Fannie Mae na Freddie Mac nchini Marekani). 2. Sheria za ukiritimba (monopoly) na sheria za kupinga udhibiti wa soko (anti-trust au anti-competition) zimepuuzwa (k.m. muungano wa Lloyds na HBOS nchini Uingereza).
1. Previously profitable failed private companies have been nationalised (e.g. Northern Rock and the Royal Bank of Scotland in the UK and Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac in the US) 2. Monopolies and anti-trust (or anti-competition) laws have been disregarded (e.g. the merger between Lloyds and HBOS in the UK).
3. Mabilioni ya mamia ya fedha za walipa kodi zimemwagwa katika mfumo wa benki binafsi ili kukopesha taasisi za kifedha za kibiashara zinazotengeneza faida.
3. Hundreds of billions of tax payer’s money has been poured into the private banking system to lend money to commercial profit making financial institutions.
4. Viwango vya riba vimepunguzwa licha ya mfumuko wa bei kuwa juu kiasi, jambo linaloonekana kupingana na sera ya fedha yenye busara (mfano Marekani, Uingereza na Ulaya).
4. Interest rates have been cut despite relatively high inflation contradicting ‘sound’ monetary policy (e.g. US, UK and Europe).
5. Kodi zimepunguzwa licha ya ukopaji mkubwa wa umma na deni kubwa (k.m. Marekani), jambo linalopingana na kanuni za "busara" za fedha za serikali.
5. Taxes have been cut despite high public borrowing and debt (e.g. US) contradicting ‘prudent’ fiscal rules.
6. 100% ya madeni ya kifedha ya makampuni binafsi yanayotafuta faida (benki) yamedhaminiwa na serikali (k.m. Ireland).
6. 100% of the financial liabilities of private profit making companies (banks) have been guaranteed by governments (e.g. Ireland).
7. Kampuni binafsi za utengenezaji wa magari zimepewa dhamana za mikopo ili kuchochea uwekezaji (kwa mfano, Marekani).
7. Car manufacturing private corporations have been given credit guarantees to stimulate investment (e.g. US).
8. Serikali zimetumia pesa za walipakodi kununua hisa katika mashirika binafsi yaliyofilisika (k.m. mpango wa uokoaji wa benki nchini Uingereza).
8. Governments have used taxpayer’s money to buy shares in insolvent private corporations (e.g. UK bank rescue plan).
9. Marekebisho yaliyopangwa ya kanuni za uhasibu, ikiwa ni pamoja na thamani halisi (mark to market), ndani ya Viwango vya Uhasibu wa Kifedha.
9. The planned amendment of accounting rules including fair value (mark to market) within Financial accounting standards.
Kushindwa kwa kimfumo kwa masoko ya fedha ni ushahidi wazi wa kuishutumu ubepari, kwa sababu mfumo wa kifedha unajumuisha ubepari katika mawazo yake, maadili yake, sera zake, utamaduni wake na mtazamo wake kuliko taasisi nyingine yoyote ya kibepari. Kanuni ya kibepari ya uhuru wa umiliki, ambayo wakati mmoja ilikuwa takatifu, imethibitika kuwa janga na yenye kuharibu jamii katika nchi za Magharibi kwa uharibifu mkubwa. Msimamo uliokithiri wa pili, ule wa ukomunisti ulioikana kabisa milki, nao pia umethibitika kutowezekana.
The systematic failure of financial markets is a clear indictment of capitalism because the financial system epitomises capitalism in its thoughts, values, policies, culture and outlook, more than any other capitalist institution. The capitalist principle of freedom of ownership once sacrosanct has proved disastrous and ruinously damaging for society in the West. The other extreme of communism which denied ownership altogether has also proved unworkable.