5.4 Soko Lisilo na Udanganyifu
5.4 A Market Free From Manipulation
Jambo muhimu zaidi katika biashara ni kwamba washiriki wajisikie na kuwa na imani katika soko, kanuni zake, sheria zake na uthabiti wa utekelezaji wa kanuni hizo. Pale serikali zinapoingilia, iwe kwa ushuru, kodi, uingiliaji wa moja kwa moja (kwa mfano ESF) au mabadiliko ya kanuni, washiriki hukasirika na kupoteza imani katika mfumo. Kanuni za Shariah kuhusu jambo hili ziko wazi. Mtume ﷺ alisema:
The most important aspect of trade is that participants feel confident in the market, its rules, regulations and consistency of application of the rules. Where governments intervene whether via tariffs, taxation, direct intervention (eg ESF) or change of regulation, participants are frustrated and lose confidence in the system. The Shariah rules in this regard are explicit. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said:
"Ikiwa watu wataachwa peke yao, Mwenyezi Mungu atawaruzuku kupitia kwa wao kwa wao."
“If people are left alone, Allah will give them provision from one another”
Hii inaweka kanuni ya msingi katika uwanja wa biashara: kwamba soko, bei zake, na mauzo, vinapaswa kuachwa huru kujibu nguvu za ndani za kiuchumi na ushindani wa asili bila kuingiliwa kwa udanganyifu.
This establishes a basic principle in the field of commerce: that the market, its prices, and sales, should be left free to respond to internal economic forces and natural competition without manipulation.
Anas alisimulia: "Bei zilipanda wakati wa Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ, hivyo wakamwambia: 'Ee Mjumbe wa Allah, kwa nini hutoweki udhibiti wa bei (kanuni za bei)?' Akasema: 'Hakika Allah ndiye Mwenye kupokea, Mwenye kupanua utajiri, Mruzuku, na Mwenye kupanga bei, na natumai kwamba nitakutana na Allah (SWT) bila kuwepo mtu wa kunishutumu kwamba nimemfanyia dhuluma, iwe ya damu au ya mali.'" Kwa hiyo wazo la ujanja wa soko au kuingilia kwa Dola katika masoko limekatazwa kabisa katika dola ya Kiislamu.
Anas reported: “Prices soared during the time of the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) so they said to him; ‘O Messenger of Allah why don’t you introduce pricing (price controls)?’ He said; “Verily Allah is the Recipient, the Extender of wealth, the Provider, and the Pricer, and I hope that I will meet Allah (swt) without having anyone accusing me of having perpetrated an oppression against him be it in blood or in money.” So the notion of market manipulation or State interference in markets is absolutely prohibited in the Islamic state..
Ahmad na Abu Ubayd walipokea kutoka kwa Uqbah ibn Amir kwamba Mtume ﷺ
Ahmed and Abu Ubayd reported on authority of Uqbah ibn Amir that the Prophet (Peace be upon him)
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said:
"Hatoingia peponi yule anayetoza ushuru wa forodha."
“He that imposes customs duties would not enter paradise”
Isipokuwa kutozwa kwa ada za kulipiza kisasi kwa kulinganisha (reciprocity) zinapotumika dhidi ya dola ya Kiislamu, ni kinyume cha Shariah kutoza kodi za aina hiyo zinazozuia biashara. Hatua kama hizo za kulinda masoko dhidi ya washirika wa kibiashara, kama vile kuruzuku baadhi ya viwanda, kutoza ushuru wa forodha (tariffs) na vizuizi vya haki miliki (intellectual property rights), zote zinafanya kazi kama vikwazo vya biashara huria, na hazina nafasi yoyote katika maisha ya kiuchumi ya Kiislamu. Matumizi ya fedha za umma kuziokoa baadhi ya makundi ya kibiashara (benki) pia ni jambo lisilokubalika katika mwenendo wa haki wa kiuchumi, na kwa hakika ni aina mpya ya kodi kwa umma. Watu wengi watalipa gharama za uokozi huo kupitia kodi, kupunguzwa kwa matumizi ya serikali, au kushuka kwa thamani ya mali yao kutokana na mfumuko wa bei.
Barring the imposition of customs for reciprocity when applied against the Islamic state, it is against the Shariah to apply such taxes which restrict trade. Similar protectionist measures against trading partners as subsidising some industries, tariffs and intellectual property right restrictions all act as barriers to free trade and have no part in Islamic economic life. Use of public money to bail out some business groupings (banks) is also an anathema to fair economic practice and is effectively a new form of tax on the masses who will pay for the bailouts via tax, cut backs in public spending or a decline in the value of their wealth via inflation.