Globalizatsiya so'zi birinchi marta 1990-yillarning o'rtalarida yirik Amerika kompaniyalarining faoliyatini tavsiflash uchun ishlatilgan. Sovuq urushning tugashi AQShni chigal ahvolga soldi: SSSR bilan qurollanish poygasi moliyaviy doiralarni AQShga katta mablag' quyishga undadi, bu esa dollarning qimmatlashuviga olib keldi. Qimmat dollar esa AQSh ko'p millatli kompaniyalari uchun mahsulotlarini chet elga eksport qilishni deyarli imkonsiz qilib qo'ydi. Amerika kompaniyalari uyda mahsulot ishlab chiqarish ularga shunchalik qimmatga tushayotgan bir paytda, xorijdagi bozorlarda raqobatbardosh mavqeni saqlab qolish juda qimmat ekanini his qildi.

The first time the word globalisation was used was in describing the activities of the large American companies during the mid-1990s. The end of the cold war put the US in a conundrum; the arms race with the USSR resulted in financial circles pouring money into the US resulting in an expensive dollar which in turn made the climate for US multi-nationals to export their goods virtually impossible. US Companies found it too expensive to maintain a competitive position overseas when it was costing them so much making the products at home.

Shuning uchun arzonroq xorijiy bozorlar topishga to‘g‘ri keldi. Xorijiy mamlakatda arzon mehnatdan foydalangan holda, mehnat qonunchiligi juda kam bo‘lgan va ochiq-oydin zulm qilinadigan sharoitda ishlab chiqarish quvvatlarini tashkil etish globallashuv deb atala boshlandi.

Hence cheaper foreign markets had to be found. The setting up of production facilities in a foreign country making use of the cheap labour, with very little labour laws and outright abuse was termed globalisation.

Birinchi bo'lib globallashuv terapiyasiga duchor bo'lgan davlat Rossiya va SSSR parchalanganidan keyin uning qolgan qismi bo'ldi. 1990 yilda kommunizmning qulashi va Sovet Ittifoqining parchalanishi kapitalistik institutlar uchun ulkan markazlashgan iqtisodiyotni bozor yo'naltirilgan iqtisodiyotga aylantirish imkonini beruvchi ajoyib imkoniyat bo'ldi. Rossiyaga jami 129 milliard dollar kiritildi, Xalqaro valyuta fondi va Jahon banki esa o'zlarining bir qator rivojlanish dasturlarini amalga oshirdi. Rossiya iqtisodiyoti xorijiy investitsiyalar uchun ochildi, sanoat esa xorijliklarga sotildi, bu esa mamlakatni jahon narxlaridagi tebranishlarga zaif holatda qoldirdi. 1997 yilda Rossiyaga bo'lgan ishonchning yo'qolishi tufayli spekulyantlar pullarini olib qocha boshladilar, Rossiya esa o'zini himoya qila olmadi, chunki liberallashtirish kapital oqimlariga hech qanday cheklov bo'lmasligini talab qilardi. Inqiroz qashshoqlik darajasini 2 milliondan 60 millionga, ya'ni 3000% ga oshirdi. YUNISEF bu holat yiliga 500 000 "qo'shimcha" o'lim keltirganini qayd etdi. Rossiya globallashuv inqirozning o'z cho'qqisiga chiqishiga bevosita imkon yaratganining aniq misolidir.

The first nation to be given the globalisation treatment was Russia and what was left of it after the collapse of the USSR. The fall of communism in 1990 and the break-up of the Soviet Union represented a wonderful opportunity for capitalist institutes to transform a huge centralist economy to one that was market orientated. A total of $129 billion poured into Russia with the IMF and the World Bank implementing a number of its development schemes. The Russian economy was opened to foreign investment and industry was sold to foreigners leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world prices. In 1997, due to a loss on confidence in Russia, speculators began to withdraw their money and Russia was unable to defend itself as liberalisation required there to be no restrictions on capital flows. The crisis raised poverty from 2 million to 60 million, a 3000% increase. UNICEF noted that this resulted in 500,000 ‘extra’ deaths per year. Russia is a clear example that globalisation directly allowed the crisis to reach the peak it did.

Bugungi globallashuv aslida erkin savdoni nazarda tutuvchi turli siyosatlarni ilgari suruvchi super davlat tomonidan olib borilayotgan jarayon bo‘lib, bu tarixda kuzatilgan merkantilistik jarayonlarning davomidir. AQSh 1776-yilda Britaniya mustamlakachilik hukmronligidan ajralib chiqdi, chunki u Imperator Britaniyaning siyosatidagi adolatsizlik va shafqatsizlikni tan olgan edi. Biroq, endi AQSh o‘sha rolni o‘z zimmasiga oldi va Britaniya bir paytlar boshqalarga nisbatan qilgan ishlarni xuddi shunday qilmoqda. 1812-yilgi urushdan ko‘p o‘tmay, Britaniyaning merkantilistik savdo amaliyotlarini yengish uchun olib borilgan urush, AQSh arbobi Genri Kley Britaniya rahbarlaridan birining so‘zlarini keltirib, Qo‘shma Shtatlarning mudofaa qobiliyatini rivojlantirish zarurligiga e’tibor qaratdi: «Millatlar, [bizning] o‘zimiz kabi, “erkin savdo” deganda biz nimani nazarda tutganimizni yaxshi bilardilar: bizning katta ustunligimiz orqali ularning barcha bozorlarini sanoat mahsulotlarimiz uchun monopoliyaga olish va ularning hammasini hech qachon sanoat davlatiga aylanishiga yo‘l qo‘ymaslik, boshqacha aytganda, boshqa hech narsa emas».25

Globalisation today in reality is the superpower pushing for various policies that imply free trade which is in fact a continuation of mercantilist processes seen throughout history. The US broke away from British colonial rule in 1776, recognising the unfairness and harshness in Imperial Britain’s policies. However, the US has now taken on that role and is doing the same things that the British once did to others. Shortly after the War of 1812 that was fought to defeat British mercantilist trade practices, US statesman Henry Clay pointed to the necessity of the United States developing a defensive capability by quoting a British leader, ‘Nations knew, as well as [ourselves], what we meant by “free trade” was nothing more nor less than, by means of the great advantage we enjoyed, to get a monopoly of all their markets for our manufactures, and to prevent them, one and all, from ever becoming manufacturing nations.’25

Reygan va Tetcher davri, ayniqsa, erkin savdoni globallashuv niqobi ostida dunyoning ko'pgina qismlariga tiqishtirgan davr bo'ldi. Davlat mulkida bo'lgan har qanday narsa deyarli shaytonlashtirilib, jamoat mulki bo'lgan har qanday narsani xususiylashtirishga undalar, zarur bo'lganda esa harbiy aralashuvdan foydalanilar edi.

The Reagan and Thatcher era in particular, saw free trade pushed to most parts of the globe under the guise of globalisation. Almost demonising anything that was state owned, and encouraging the privatisation of anything that was owned by the public, using military intervention if needed.

Tuzilmaviy moslashtirish siyosatlari kambag‘al mamlakatlar iqtisodiyotini ochish uchun qo‘llanilgan, shunda boy mamlakatlardagi yirik biznes egalari ko‘plab resurslarga arzon narxda egalik qilishi yoki ulardan foydalanishi mumkin bo‘lgan.

Structural adjustment policies were used to open up economies of poorer countries so that big businesses from the rich countries could own or access many resources cheaply.

Globallashuv o‘zining muvaffaqiyatsizliklari tarixiga ega. Eng keng qamrovli kambag‘allik tadqiqotlaridan biri bo‘lgan "Globallashuv bo‘yicha ko‘rsatkichlar, 1980–2000" (Scorecard on Globalization 1980–2000) kitobida Mark Veysbrot, Din Beyker va Iqtisodiy va siyosiy tadqiqotlar markazidagi boshqa tadqiqotchilar shuni hujjatlashtirganki, globallashuv davrida (1980–2000) iqtisodiy o‘sish hamda umr ko‘rish davomiyligi, bolalar o‘limi, ta’lim darajasi va savodxonlikning yaxshilanish sur’atlari 1960–1980 yillarga nisbatan pasaygan. 1960–1980 yillarda ko‘plab mamlakatlar o‘z iqtisodiyotini xalqaro bozordan himoya qilish, mahalliy sanoatini rivojlantirish va raqobatbardosh bo‘lishiga imkon berish maqsadida himoyachilik siyosatini saqlab qolgan. Aynan shu siyosatlar AQSh iqtisodiy farovonligi poydevori bo‘lgan.

Globalisation has a track record of failure. In perhaps the most comprehensive study of poverty to date, Scorecard on Globalization 1980-2000, Mark Weisbrot, Dean Baker and other researchers at the Centre for Economic and Policy Research documented that economic growth and rates of improvement in life expectancy, child mortality, education levels and literacy all have declined in the era of globalization (1980-2000) compared to the years 1960-1980. From 1960-1980 many countries maintained protectionist policies to insulate their economies from the international market to nurture their domestic industries and allow them to become competitive. Those policies are the same ones on which US economic prosperity was built.