Mustamlaka davlatlar o‘zlari bosib olgan joylarga foyda keltirgan, deb hamon ishonib kelmoqda. Afrikada mustamlakachilik ruhiyatidan ta’sirlangan tarixchilar mustamlakachilikning sanalmish ijobiy jihatlarini, masalan, infratuzilma va ta’lim tizimining rivojlanishini tasvirlashga moyil. Mustamlakachilar tomonidan sodir etilgan irqchilik, ekspluatatsiya va genotsid esa silliqlanib, e’tibordan chetda qolmoqda. Mustamlakachilar Afrikani ham, boshqa mustamlaka xalqlarini ham yevropaliklarning yordamisiz omon qololmaydigan, deb hisoblashgan.

The Colonial nations continue to hold the view that they brought benefits wherever they went. In Africa, historians affected by the colonial mentality tend to describe the so called positive aspects of colonialism such as the development of infrastructure and education. The racism, exploitation, and, genocide committed by the colonialists continues to be glossed over. Colonialists view that Africa as well as other colonised people were incapable of surviving without the help of the Europeans.

Afrikaning ulkan resurslari va boy minerallari ko'plab G'arb davlatlarini bu qit'ani mustamlaka qilishga jalb etdi. Yevropa davlatlari o'lja uchun bir-biri bilan raqobatlashdi. Shu sababli Yevropaning Afrikani mustamlaka qilish borasidagi raqobati shunchalik keskin bo'lgani xalqni qullik uchun ekspluatatsiya qilish va qit'aning tabiiy boyliklarini o'g'irlash maqsadida bo'lganiga shubha yo'q. Demokratiya va G'arb qadriyatlarini targ'ib qilish esa deyarli mavjud bo'lmagan.

The immense resources and rich minerals in Africa attracted many Western nations to colonise the continent. European nations competed with each other over the spoils. Hence there should be no doubt that the severity of competition between Europe over the colonisation of Africa was in order to exploit the people for slavery and steal the continents natural wealth. The propagation of democracy and Western values hardly existed.

Evropa davlatlari o'z qo'shinlari yordamida Afrikaning butun hududlarini bevosita mustamlaka qilib oldi. Hozirgi Burundi, Ruanda, Tanzaniya va Namibiyaning ba'zi qismlarini Germaniya boshqargan. Italiya Eritreya va Somalining ayrim qismlarini bo'lib oldi. Ispaniya G'arbiy Afrikada o'z o'rnini mustahkamladi. Portugaliyaliklar Angola, Mozambik va boshqa kichikroq hududlarni o'z qo'lida ushlab turdi. Belgiya Kongo ustidan shafqatsizlarcha hukmronlik qildi, Britaniya esa Sharqiy Afrikada va hozirgi Sudan, Gana, Zambiya, Zimbabve, Malavi va Nigeriya hududlarida o'z mandatlarini yaratdi. Fransiya Senegal va Kot-d'Ivuar, shuningdek Chad, Madagaskar va Komor orollari kabi G'arbiy Afrikaning o'nlab davlatlarida o'rnashib oldi.

European nations directly colonised whole swathes of Africa using their armies. Parts of what are now Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Namibia were ruled by Germany. Italy carved up parts of Eritrea and Somalia. Spain established a foothold in Western Africa. The Portuguese held onto Angola, Mozambique, and other smaller territories. Belgium brutally ruled over the Congo and Britain created its mandates throughout East Africa and in what is today Sudan, Ghana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Nigeria. France set itself up in a dozen West African nations, including Senegal and the Ivory Coast, as well as in Chad, Madagascar and the Comoros.

Uzoq o‘n yillar davomida Afrika Yevropaliklarga mollari uchun ochiq bozorlar taqdim etdi. Undan ham muhimi, Afrika Yevropaliklarni arzon yoki ko‘p hollarda bepul xom ashyo bilan ta’minladi: paxta, kauchuk, choy va qalay, shuningdek qul savdosi orqali bepul insoniy mehnat. Bularning barchasiga “mahalliy aholi” orasida Yevropa mustamlakachilarining mavjudligini yumshatish maqsadida to‘sqinliksiz missionerlik faoliyati ko‘maklashdi. Qit’a G‘arb davlatlari o‘rtasidagi raqobat tufayli qonli harbiy nizolar bilan og‘rib qoldi. Bu kurash turli davlatlarning diktatorlarni qo‘llab-quvvatlashi, davlat to‘ntarishlarini amalga oshirishi va sodiqlik uchun kreditlar berishi bilan yakunlandi. Bunday raqobat natijasida qit’aning qarzlari 370 milliard dollardan oshib ketdi, bu esa butun qit’aning umumiy milliy daromadining 65 foizini tashkil etadi.

For decades, Africa provided them with open markets for goods. More importantly Africa also supplied the Europeans with cheap or in many cases free raw materials such as cotton, rubber, tea, and tin and of course free human labour through the slave trade. All of this was aided by unhindered missionary efforts to help pacify the presence of European colonisers among the ‘natives.’ The continent was afflicted with bloody military disputes because of the competition between the Western nations. The struggle resulted in various states supporting dictators, carrying out coup d’états and giving loans for loyalty. Such competition has resulted in the continents debts surpassing $370 billion, which represent 65% of the total national income of the entire continent.

Shunday kurash va raqobat hatto Afrikada 30 milliondan ortiq quruqlik minalarining o‘rnatilishiga olib keldi, bu butun dunyoda o‘rnatilgan barcha quruqlik minalarining 25 foizini tashkil etadi.

Such struggle and competition has even resulted in more than 30 million land mines being planted in Africa, which is 25% of all land mines planted in the entire world.

Africa mustaqilligiga qadar mustamlakachi yevropalik davlatlar Afrikani bosib olish uchun keng hududiy talashuvga kirishdilar va o'z da'volarini boshqa davlatlar tortib ololmasligi uchun chegaralar yaratdilar. Hududlarni bir-biridan ajratish uchun chegaralar chizish talabi, bir-biriga yaqin bo'lgan siyosiy guruhlarni ajratib yuborishga, yoki an'anaviy dushman bo'lgan guruhlarni orada hech qanday to'siqsiz yonma-yon yashashga majbur qilishga olib keldi. Afrikaning talashuvdan oldingi davrida Kongo daryosi tabiiy geografik chegara vazifasini o'tagan edi; uning ikki qirg'og'ida til va madaniyatni bo'lishadigan guruhlar yashardi. Daryo bo'ylab erlarning Belgiya va Fransiya mustamlakachilari o'rtasida bo'linishi bu guruhlarni bir-biridan ajratib qo'ydi. Sahroi Kabir va Sahro osti Afrikada yashab, asrlar davomida butun qit'a bo'ylab savdo qilgan xalqlar esa faqat Yevropa xaritalarida mavjud bo'lgan chegaralarni kesib o'tishga majbur bo'ldi. Mahalliy aholini boshqarish va mustamlakachilik hukmronligini saqlab qolish maqsadida bir qator siyosat amalga oshirildi. Rodeziya (hozirgi Zimbabve) va Janubiy Afrika kabi yevropaliklar ko'p yashagan joylarda yevropaliklarga o'z sonidan ancha ortiq siyosiy hokimiyat berish uchun ikkinchi darajali fuqarolik tizimlari o'rnatildi. Kongoda esa mahalliy aholi insonga yarashmaydigan munosabatga va deyarli qullik holatiga mahkum etildi.

In colonising Africa the European imperial powers engaged in a major territorial scramble, creating borders ensuring their claim was not usurped by other powers. This insistence of drawing borders around territories to isolate them from those of other colonial powers had the effect of separating otherwise contiguous political groups, or forcing traditional enemies to live side by side with no buffer between them. Prior to the scramble for Africa the Congo River was the natural geographic boundary, there were groups living on both sides that shared a language and culture. The division of the land between Belgium and French occupiers along the river isolated these groups from each other. Those who lived in Saharan or Sub-Saharan Africa and traded across the continent for centuries found themselves crossing borders that existed only on European maps. In managing the natives and ensuring continued colonial supremacy a number of policies were carried out. Places that had substantial European settlements, such as Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and South Africa, systems of second-class citizenship were set up in order to give Europeans political power far in excess of their numbers. In the Congo the native population was submitted to inhumane treatment and a near slavery status.

Yevropaliklar hatto mahalliy kuch muvozanatini o‘zgartirib, avval hech qachon bo‘lmagan etnik bo‘linishlarni yaratdilar. Hozirgi Ruanda va Burundi hududida XIX asrda nemis mustamlakachilari bu mintaqani o‘z nazoratiga olganda, xutu va tutsi etnik guruhlari allaqachon bir madaniyatga birlashgan edi. Asrlar davomida o‘zaro aralashish, turmush qurish va madaniy an’analarning qo‘shilishi madaniy bo‘linishning ko‘rinadigan belgilarini uzoq vaqt oldin yo‘qotgan edi, shuning uchun ular endi etnik jihatdan ajratilmagan edi.

Europeans even altered the local balance of power by creating ethnic divisions where there had never been any. In what is now Rwanda and Burundi, two ethnic groups the Hutus and Tutsis had merged into one culture by the time German colonists had taken control of the region in the 19th century. They were no longer divided by ethnicity since intermingling, intermarriage, and merging of cultural practices over the centuries had long since erased visible signs of a culture divide.

Biroq, Belgiya hududni boshqarishga kirishgach, irqiy ajratish siyosatini joriy etdi, chunki irqqa asoslangan ajratish o'sha davr Yevropa madaniyatining ajralmas qismi edi. "Hutu" atamasi dastlab G'arbdan hozirgi Ruanda va Burundi hududiga ko'chib kelgan, qishloq xo'jaligi bilan shug'ullanuvchi, bantu tillarida gaplashuvchi xalqlarga nisbatan ishlatilgan, "Tutsi" atamasi esa keyinroq bu hududga ko'chib kelgan, shimoli-sharqdagi chorvachilik bilan shug'ullanuvchi xalqlarga nisbatan qo'llanilgan. Bu atamalar odamning iqtisodiy sinfini ifodalagan: taxminan 10 yoki undan ortiq sigirga ega bo'lganlar Tutsi, undan kamiga ega bo'lganlar esa Hutu hisoblangan, ajdodlar tarixidan qat'i nazar. Belgiyaliklar esa irqchilik tizimini joriy etdilar, unda oqroq teri, baland bo'y va tor burun kabi belgilar ko'proq ideal Hamitga xos deb qaralib, ajdodlari Tutsilarga eng yaqin bo'lgan odamlarga berilgan; ular mustamlaka qilingan xalqlar orasida hokimiyat olishgan.

However, Belgium instituted a policy of racial segregation upon taking control of the region, as racially based segregation was a fixture of the European culture of the time. The term Hutu originally referred to the agricultural-based Bantu-speaking peoples that moved into present day Rwanda and Burundi from the West, and the term Tutsi referred to North-eastern cattle-based peoples that migrated into the region later. The terms described a person's economic class; individuals who owned roughly 10 or more cattle were considered Tutsi, and those with fewer were considered Hutu, regardless of ancestral history. The Belgians introduced a racist system, whereby features such as fairer skin, ample height, and narrow noses were seen as more ideally Hamitic, and belonged to those people closest to Tutsi in ancestry; they were then given power amongst the colonised peoples.

Garchi ba'zi mahalliy aholi yuqori lavozimlarga erishgan bo'lsa-da, deyarli barcha hollarda bu Yevropaliklarning malakali shaxslarni jalb qilish emas, balki qabilalar o'rtasida nizo keltirib chiqarish strategiyasi edi. Vinsent Xapoya o'zining Afrikani rivojlantirish borasidagi Yevropa da'volarini baholagan kitobida buni quyidagicha bayon etgan: "Belgiya mustamlaka hukmronligi davrida Zairdan [Belgiya Konggosidan] Belgiyaga katta miqdorda boylik ko'chirilgan. Afrikaliklar faqat cheklangan ta'lim olganlar, bu ularga Injilni o'qish, missionerlarning buyruqlarini samarali bajarish va eng yaxshi holda mustamlakachi bo'rokratiyada kotib sifatida xizmat qilish imkonini bergan."

Although some of the natives made high office, in almost all cases this was a strategy by the Europeans to cause friction between tribes rather then recruit skilled individuals. Vincent Khapoya outlined this in his book which assessed European claims of developing Africa: ‘Belgian colonial rule saw massive transfers of wealth from Zaire [the Belgian Congo] to Belgium. Africans received only limited education, which would allow them to read the Bible, take orders efficiently from the missionaries, and function, at best, as clerks in the colonial bureaucracy.

Xapoya Yevropaning Afrika rivojiga qo‘shgan hissasi haqidagi afsonani ham izohlaydi: «Barcha mustamlakachi kuchlar vaziyatning iqtisodiy tomoniga jiddiy e’tibor qaratdilar. Bunga quyidagilar kiradi: yerlarni egallash, majburiy mehnat, oziq-ovqat ekinlarini e’tiborsiz qoldirib bo‘lsa-da, pul ekinlarini joriy etish, mustamlakachilikdan oldingi davrdagi Afrika ichidagi savdo aloqalarini to‘xtatish, Hindistondan ishchilarni keltirish va hokazo, hamda Afrikani Yevropa sanoati uchun xomashyo manbai sifatida saqlab qolish, shu sababli sanoatlashtirilishi kerak bo‘lmagan qit’a sifatida».

Khapoya also explains the myth of European contribution to Africa’s development: ‘all colonial powers exercised significant attention to the economics of the situation. This included: acquisition of land, enforced labour, introduction of cash crops, even to the neglect of food crops, halting interAfrican trading patterns of pre-colonial times, introduction of labourers from India, etc. and the continuation of Africa as a source of raw materials for European industry, therefore a continent not to be industrialised.

Afrika bugun ham Yevropa mustamlakachilarining siyosatidan qon yo‘qotishda davom etmoqda. 19-asrda Britaniya hukmron kuch bo‘lgan bo‘lsa, 21-asrda uning o‘rnini oddiygina AQSh egalladi.

Africa continues today to bleed from the policies of the European colonialists. Where Britain was the dominant force in the 19th century they have simply been replaced by the US in the 21st century.

Mustamlakachilarning 1960-yillardan boshlab qit’adan chiqib ketishi mustamlakachilikning faqat to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri nazoratdan diktatorlar, qurol, qarzlar va iqtisodiy gegemoniya orqali nazoratga o‘tishiga olib keldi, xolos. Afrikadagi beqarorlikka mustamlakachilarning ketishi emas, balki deyarli 200 yil davomida mustamlakachilarning aralashuvi sabab bo‘ldi, bu esa qit’aning resurslariga bo‘lgan chanqoqlik tufayli Afrikaning qon yo‘qotishda davom etishiga olib keldi.

The departure of the colonialists from the continent since the 1960’s has merely seen colonialism change from direct control to control through dictators, arms, loans and economic hegemony. It is not the departure of the colonists that has caused instability in Africa; it is the interference of the colonialists for nearly 200 years that has caused Africa to continue bleeding due to the thirst for the continents resources.