Ko'pchilik o'n yillar davomida chet el yordami iqtisodiy rivojlanishga tezkor yo'l sifatida qaraldi. Ikkinchi jahon urushidan beri G'arb dunyosidan uchinchi dunyo mamlakatlarini qashshoqlikdan chiqishga ko'maklashadigan loyihalarga 2,3 trillion dollardan ortiq mablag' yo'naltirildi. Asosiy savol esa aslida shundaki, rivojlangan dunyo yordam berganda qanday niyatlarni ko'zlaydi?

For decades foreign aid has been seen as a fast track to economic development. Since World War 2 over $2.3 trillion has flowed out of the Western world into projects that would aid the third world in its endeavour to move out of poverty. The question is really one of what motives the developed world has when it gives aid?

Yordam kamdan-kam hollarda sof xayrixohlik niyatidan beriladi. Ko'pincha u xalqaro siyosatda ittifoqchini qo'llab-quvvatlash vositasi sifatida va qabul qiluvchi mamlakatning siyosiy jarayoniga ta'sir o'tkazish niyatida beriladi. Bunday yordamning yomon yoki yaxshi ekanligi, ko'p hollarda, muayyan holatda donor davlat olib borayotgan siyosat kun tartibiga qo'shilish-qo'shilmasligiga bog'liq bo'lgan. XX asrda Kommunizm va Kapitalizm o'rtasidagi kurash davomida bu mafkuralarning yetakchilari, Sovet Ittifoqi va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari, boshqa mamlakatlarning ichki siyosatiga ta'sir o'tkazish va o'zlarining zaif ittifoqchilarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun yordamdan foydalanganlar. AQSh Evropa davlatlarini Kommunizmdan uzoqlashtirib, Kapitalizm tomon yo'naltirish maqsadida Marshall rejasini ishlab chiqdi. Rivojlanmagan mamlakatlarga berilgan yordam har doim qabul qiluvchidan ko'ra donorning manfaatiga xizmat qilgan. Aniq maqsadlarga mudofaa ko'magi, bozorni kengaytirish, xorijiy investitsiyalar, missionerlik faoliyati va madaniy ekspansiya kiradi. So'nggi o'n yilliklarda Xalqaro valyuta fondi va Jahon banki kabi tashkilotlarning yordami asosan yangi hududlarni global kapitalistlar uchun ochishga xizmat qiladigan vosita ekani fosh etildi, qabul qiluvchi mamlakatlar aholisining farovonligi esa ikkinchi darajali, hatto umuman e'tiborga olinmasligi ko'rsatildi.

Aid is seldom given from motives of pure altruism. It is often given as a means of supporting an ally in international politics and with the intention of influencing the political process in the receiving nation. The consideration of such, being bad or not, has depended on whether one agrees with the agenda being pursued by the donor nation in a particular case. During the conflict between Communism and Capitalism in the twentieth century, the champions of those ideologies, the Soviet Union and the United States, each used aid to influence the internal politics of other nations, and to support their weaker allies. The US developed the Marshall Plan in order to pull European nations toward Capitalism and away from Communism. Aid to underdeveloped countries has always been in the interest of the donor than the recipient. Specific motives have included defence support, market expansion, foreign investment, missionary enterprise and cultural extension. In recent decades, aid by organisations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank has been exposed as being primarily a tool used to open new areas up to global capitalists, and being only secondarily, if at all, concerned with the wellbeing of the people in the recipient countries.

Professor William Easterly, taniqli mainstream iqtisodchi, rivojlanish va yordam masalalari bo‘yicha, chet el yordami katta va'dalarga qaramay ko‘p narsaga erishmaganini tanqid qilgan. U shunday deydi: “Dunyo kambag‘allarining fojiasi shundaki, G‘arb so‘nggi besh o‘n yillikda chet el yordamiga 2,3 trillion dollar sarflagan, ammo bolalarni bezgakdan o‘limning yarmini oldini oladigan 12 sentlik dorilar bilan ta'minlay olmagan. G‘arb 2,3 trillion dollar sarflagan, ammo kambag‘al oilalarga 4 dollarlik pashshaga qarshi to‘rlarni yetkaza olmagan. G‘arb 2,3 trillion dollar sarflagan, ammo har bir yangi onaga 3 dollar berib, besh million bola o‘limining oldini ololmagan... Dunyo jamiyati boy kattalar va bolalarga ko‘ngilochar narsalarni yetkazishning juda samarali usulini yaratgani, ammo o‘layotgan kambag‘al bolalarga 12 sentlik dorini yetkaza olmayotgani yurakni ezadi.”

Professor William Easterly, a noted mainstream economics professor on development and aid issues has criticized foreign aid for not having achieved much, despite grand promises. He says: ‘A tragedy of the world’s poor has been [that] the West spent $2.3 trillion on foreign aid over the last five decades and still had not managed to get twelve-cent medicines to children to prevent half of all malaria deaths. The West spent $2.3 trillion and still had not managed to get four-dollar bed nets to poor families. The West spent $2.3 trillion and still had not managed to get three dollars to each new mother to prevent five million child deaths…It is heart-breaking that global society has evolved a highly efficient way to get entertainment to rich adults and children, while it can’t get twelve-cent medicine to dying poor children.

Chet el yordamining samaradorligi uzoq vaqtdan beri shubha ostida qolib kelmoqda, chunki u deyarli har doim shartlar bilan birga berilgan. Donor davlatlar, shu jumladan AQSh, yordamdan o'zlarining geosiyosiy maqsadlariga erishish uchun foydalanganlar. Masalan:

The effectiveness of foreign aid has long been questioned since in all cases it has come with strings attached. Donor countries as well as the US have used aid to meet their geopolitical aims. For example:

AQSh o‘z milliy xavfsizligi bilan bog‘liq xavotirlar mavjud bo‘lgan hududlarga, masalan Yaqin Sharq va, xususan, Sovuq urush davrida Markaziy Amerika va Karib havzasiga yordam yo‘naltirgan.

a. The US has directed aid to regions where it has concerns related to its national security, e.g. Middle East, and in Cold War times in particular, Central America and the Caribbean.

b. Shvetsiya "progressiv jamiyatlar"ga maqsadli yordam ajratgan.

b. Sweden has targeted aid to “progressive societies”.