“穆斯林之间种族意识的消弭，是伊斯兰教最杰出的成就之一；而在当今世界，传播这一伊斯兰美德的需求十分迫切。”——阿诺德·汤因比 欧洲联盟（EU）在宪法和经济预算问题上的危机，已成为欧洲人广泛讨论的话题。非欧洲人同样对欧盟的困境表现出浓厚兴趣，并热衷于推测欧洲的未来。

“The extinction of race consciousness as between Muslims is one of the outstanding achievements of Islam, and in the contemporary world there is, as it happens, a crying need for the propagation of this Islamic virtue” -- Arnold Toynbee The crisis in the European Union (EU) over its constitution and economic budget has become a subject of great debate amongst Europeans. Non-Europeans too have taken a keen interest in the EU’ s predicament and have been eager to speculate on Europe’ s future.

有人预言欧洲将走向衰落，也有人则把当前的危机视为契机，主张借此实现现代化转型，将欧盟打造成能够挑战美国全球霸权的世界强国。

Some predict Europe’ s demise, while others view the current crisis as an opportunity to modernise and transform the EU into a world power that is able to challenge American global hegemony.

大多数穆斯林注释学者的观点可归为这两派。然而，从当前的这场危机中仍有一些重要的教训，而许多评论者并未注意到这些教训。这些教训可概括如下：

Opinions of most Muslim commentators fall into these two camps. However, there are some important lessons to be learnt from the present crisis, which has escaped the attention of many commentators. These can be summarised as follows:

1. 伊斯兰恐惧症——欧洲与伊斯兰世界之间的永久屏障 荷兰和法国选民以压倒性多数否决欧盟宪法，部分原因在于对伊斯兰世界那种由来已久的敌意。伊斯兰恐惧症并非第一次抬头，但这是普通欧洲人第一次得以通过投票箱表达他们对伊斯兰教的恐惧。

1. Islamphobia - a permanent barrier between Europe and the Islamic world The overwhelmingly decision by Dutchxx and Frenchxxi voters to reject the EU’ s constitution was in part fuelled by centuries old animosity towards the Islamic world. This is not the first time that Islamophobia has raised its ugly head, but it is the first time that ordinary Europeans have been given a chance to voice their fears of Islam via the ballot box.

"9·11"事件、伦敦和马德里的爆炸事件，以及土耳其加入欧盟的意愿，在欧洲社会的各个阶层中催生了一股反伊斯兰情绪，并且渗透到各个角落。欧洲一流的媒体机构和精英政客利用了这种情绪，在欧洲与伊斯兰世界之间制造了一道永久的鸿沟。

The events of September 11, the bomb blasts in London and Madrid, and Turkey’ s desire to join the union has created a well of anti-Islamic feelings that permeates all sections of European society. Europe’ s premier media institutions and elitist politicians have exploited this sentiment to create a permanent wedge between Europe and the Islamic world.

欧洲人长期被伊斯兰恐惧症的言论所灌输，他们抓住每一个机会拒绝接纳来自伊斯兰世界的移民，并反对土耳其加入欧盟。

Europeans fed on a daily diet of Islamophobia have taken every opportunity to spurn immigration from the Islamic world and reject Turkey’ s entry into the Union.

即使是支持土耳其入盟的英国和美国，它们这样做也是因为相信这会加剧伊斯兰恐惧症，并终结法德两国建设强大欧洲的梦想。简而言之，欧洲为抵御土耳其和马格里布国家的靠近而竖起的仇恨壁垒，已经变得无法逾越。对这些穆斯林国家的精英而言，继续努力使本国加入一个诋毁伊斯兰的联盟，是愚蠢的行为。

Even Britain and America that champion Turkey’ s entry do so, because they believe it will stoke the flames of Islamophobia and bring an end to the Franco-German dream of a powerful Europe. Simply put the barrier of hate erected by Europe to ward off advances from Turkey and Maghreb countries has become insurmountable. It is foolhardy for the elite in these Muslim countries to continue efforts to make their countries part of a union that reviles Islam.

2. 民族主义在欧洲卷土重来，在穆斯林世界却逐渐消退 欧洲再一次面对它的老对手——民族主义。几个世纪以来，民族主义一直在这片大陆上肆虐。曾被压制了数十年的欧洲民族主义，在全球化的力量推动下重新觉醒，如今正威胁着欧盟的灵魂本身。

2. Nationalism resurgent in Europe but fades in the Muslim world Once again Europe is confronted with its old adversarynationalism, which for centuries has wreaked havoc on the continent. European nationalism suppressed for decades has been reawakened by the forces of globalisation and now threatens to destroy the very soul of the Union.

如今，欧洲人更担心维护本国的民族认同，而非推进一部更强调欧洲认同的宪法。因此，欧洲当前面临的问题及所主张的解决方案，已不再从统一欧洲的角度来看待，而是透过民族主义的棱镜来审视。预算之争便是欧洲民族主义撕裂欧盟的典型例子。

Today, Europeans are more worried about safeguarding their national identities than moving forward with a constitution that places greater emphasis on a European identity. Subsequently, the current problems faced by Europe, and the solutions advocated are no longer viewed from the perspective of a unified Europe, but through the prism of nationalism. The dispute over the budget is a classic example of European nationalism tearing apart the EU.

相比之下,被输入伊斯兰世界、并被用来"分而治之"穆斯林的民族主义,如今正全面退潮。今天,乌玛(Ummah)的观念已经取代了民族主义,成为全世界穆斯林的团结力量。从摩洛哥到印度尼西亚,穆斯林正迅速发现,他们与伊斯兰兄弟情谊的理想之间的共同点,远多于由人为边界所界定的现有身份认同。

In contrast, nationalism which was exported to the Islamic world and used to ‘divide and conquer’ Muslims is in full retreat. Today the concept of Ummah has superseded nationalism and has become a unifying force for Muslims across the world. Muslims from Morocco to Indonesia are quickly discovering that they have more in common with the Islamic vision of brotherhood than their present identities defined by artificial borders.

穆斯林在巴勒斯坦、车臣、克什米尔、伊拉克和阿富汗的困境，已不再被视为地方性问题，而被视为必须以伊斯兰方式解决的伊斯兰问题。

The plight of Muslims in Palestine, Chechnya, Kashmir, Iraq and Afghanistan is no longer viewed as parochial problems, but as Islamic problems that must have an Islamic solution.

1. 政治统一对欧洲而言是一场梦想，对穆斯林而言却是现实 欧盟的实验是部分欧洲国家的一次大胆尝试，旨在终结数百年来的分裂与战争。当法国和德国的精英意识到仅凭它们自身无法挑战美国的霸权时，这一倡议获得了进一步的推动。于是，“欧洲超级国家”的构想应运而生。

1. Political unity is a dream for Europe but a reality for Muslims The EU experiment was a bold attempt by some European nations to put to rest centuries of division and warfare. This initiative was given further impetus, when the elites in France and Germany realised that American supremacy could not be challenged by them alone. Hence the concept of a European Super state was born.

但是，欧盟经过四十年致力于建立一个后现代国家的努力，如今已经瓦解为一系列前现代的民族国家（nation states），其中英国、法国和德国等大国正在就欧洲的未来激烈对立。

But after 40 years of trying to create a post modern state, the EU has disintegrated into a collection of pre-modern states (nation states), where powerful states like England, France and Germany are at loggerheads over Europe’ s future.

这一结果早在意料之中。欧洲大陆长期饱受文化差异、宗教分裂以及强国之间激烈竞争的困扰。

This was a predictable outcome. The European continent has been plagued with cultural differences, religious schisms and intense rivalries between powerful states.

欧洲历史清楚地表明，除了外部威胁之外，能够把欧洲人团结在一起的东西非常少。

European history clearly demonstrates that there is very little to unite Europeans except foreign threats.

17世纪,奥斯曼军队推进至维也纳城下,一度促使欧洲各国搁置分歧,但这种团结并未持久,此后分歧又重新浮现。20世纪,来自苏联的威胁,以及后来美国全球霸权的压力,迫使欧洲以联盟的形式走向联合。

In the 17th century the advance of the Ottoman army to the gates of Vienna briefly spurred European nations to put aside their differences-only to be resumed later. In the 20th century, the threats from the Soviet Union, and later from America’ s global hegemony forced Europe to coalesce in the form of a union.

通常情况下，欧洲各国的联合只是暂时的事情，有些国家借此从战争的破坏中恢复元气。但一旦外部威胁减弱，在本例中即美国在世界上的地位有所下降，欧洲便会重新陷入分裂的状态。

More often than not, the coming together of European nations is a temporary affair and is used by some to recuperate after experiencing the ravages of war. But as soon as the external threat weakens, in this case America’ s position in the world, Europe defaults to a state of disunity.

然而，穆斯林世界统一为一个整体并非仅仅是一个梦想，而是一个现实。几个世纪以来，无论种族、语言、肤色和地域有何差异，穆斯林始终是同一个被称为哈里发国（Caliphate）的政治实体的一部分。

However, the unification of Muslim world into a single entity is not a mere dream but a reality. For centuries, Muslims irrespective of differences in race, language, colour and geography remained part of a single political entity known as the Caliphate.

当今伊斯兰世界的民族国家对穆斯林而言是陌生的。它们在伊斯兰历史上没有先例，也不是伊斯兰教法学的产物。民族国家是西方列强强加给穆斯林的，目的是阻止哈里发制度的重建。

The present day nation states in the Islamic world are alien to Muslims. They do not have any precedence in Islamic history nor are they a product of Islamic jurisprudence. The nation state was forced upon the Muslims by western powers to prevent the re-establishment of the Caliphate.

因此,穆斯林大众从未真正向这些人为建立的国家表达过效忠,只能在暴政之下被统治。如今,这些恐怖政权被推翻、并在其废墟上建立全球哈里发国,只是时间问题了。

As such, the Muslim masses never really expressed their loyalty to these artificial states and had to be governed by tyranny. Now it’ s just a matter of time before these regimes of terror are toppled and a global Caliphate is established on their ruins.

穆斯林世界的统治者并非看不到这些现实，恰恰相反，他们是反对这些现实的。这些统治者不断宣扬穆斯林永远无法团结，而哈里发国的建立已属于过去的范畴。

The rulers of the Muslim world are not blind to these realities; rather they are opposed to them. These rulers continuously preach that Muslims can never be united and that the establishment of the Caliphate belongs to the realm of the past.

如果他们偶尔提出穆斯林之间的团结，那也是通过受西方启发的机构来实现的，例如伊斯兰合作组织（OIC）、阿拉伯国家联盟、海湾合作委员会（GCC）等。

If by chance, they ever do suggest unity between Muslims then it is through western inspired institutions like the OIC, Arab League, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the like.

矛盾的是,这些机构以及为延缓穆斯林政治统一而人为制造出来的民族国家,反而成了变革的载体。它们的无能促使全世界的穆斯林摒弃欧洲和美国作为典范国家,并加倍努力重建哈里发制度。

Paradoxically these institutions and the nation-states that were manufactured to delay the political unity of Muslims have become the vehicles of change. Their impotence has encouraged Muslims worldwide to discard Europe and America as model states, and to redouble their efforts to reestablish the Caliphate.

2005年7月9日

July 9, 2005