“西方赢得世界，靠的不是其思想、价值观或宗教的优越，而是其在运用有组织暴力方面的优势。西方人常常忘记这一事实，而非西方人却从不忘记。”——塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿 乔治·布什访问欧洲期间，向欧洲东道主强调，在中东乃至更广泛的穆斯林世界，传播自由与民主是击败恐怖主义的唯一途径。他的这番言论呼应了其总统任期内一贯的主张——自由必将战胜恐怖主义。

“The West won the world not by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion but rather by its superiority in applying organized violence. Westerners often forget this fact, non-Westerners never do.” -- Samuel P. Huntington During his visit to Europe, George Bush emphasised to his European hosts that spreading freedom and democracy was the only way of defeating terrorism in the Middle East and the wider Muslim world. His remarks echo a familiar tenet of his presidency - freedom triumphing over terrorism.

但是，布什政府把这场斗争定性为自由与恐怖主义之间的较量，从而回避了一些切中要害的问题，例如：什么是恐怖主义？谁是恐怖分子？

But, by coining the struggle as freedom versus terrorism, the Bush administration has avoided answering some pertinent questions like - What is terrorism? Who are the terrorists?

这是用户给出的待翻译文本，我将其译为简体中文： 布什及其追随者新保守主义者眼中的敌人是谁？

Who is the enemy in the eyes of Bush and his acolytes the neo-conservatives?

9/11委员会（此前也不乏他人）强调，“反恐战争”这一说法具有误导性，并建议将其更名，以便更加突出针对伊斯兰教的意识形态立场。2001年10月，美国将军韦斯利·克拉克（Wesley Clark）称，美国的反恐战争“是一场关于伊斯兰教的战争”，它将界定伊斯兰教在社会中究竟是“和平的”还是“好战的”力量xxvii。然而，也有人认为，它应当被恰当地称为针对政治伊斯兰的战争。

The 9/11 Commission (by no means the first) stressed that the term war on terrorism was misleading and recommended that it should be renamed to place greater ideological emphasis against Islam. In October 2001 US General Wesley Clark, said that the US war against terrorism "was a war over Islam" that would define Islam "as either a peaceful or militant" force in societyxxvii. Yet others have argued that it should be appropriately labelled war against political Islam.

尽管美国政治精英在如何称呼这场战争上存在种种分歧，普通美国人之间却几乎找不到这样的分歧。由于充斥着伊斯兰恐惧症的企业媒体的影响，大多数美国人，无论其政治立场如何，都将“反恐战争”视为一场针对伊斯兰教的斗争。

Whatever differences exist amongst America’ s political elite over the naming of the war there are few to be found amongst ordinary Americans. Thanks to the Islamophobic corporate media, most Americans irrespective of their political orientation view the war on terror as a fight against Islam.

同样的氛围也存在于欧洲。欧洲政治阶层缺乏勇气，不敢就这些问题与布什当面对质，加上充斥伊斯兰恐惧症的媒体，使欧洲普通民众相信，他们的新敌人是伊斯兰教以及生活在他们中间的穆斯林。

The same milieu exits in Europe. The lack of boldness on part of Europe’ s political class to confront Bush on these questions together with the Islamophobic media has convinced ordinary Europeans that their new enemy is Islam and Muslims who live in their midst.

在9/11之前，穆斯林长期以来就持有一种观点：美国对其土地的干预，是伊斯兰与西方之间持续斗争的一部分。9/11之后的局势只是强化了这一观点。如今，压倒性多数的穆斯林毫不含糊地认为，反恐战争是一场针对伊斯兰和穆斯林的战争。

Before 9/11 Muslims long held the view that American intervention in their lands is part of the ongoing struggle between Islam and the West. The aftermath of 9/11 only served to reinforce this view. Today an overwhelming majority of Muslims believe unequivocally that the war on terrorism is a war against Islam and Muslims.

因此,在布什打着反恐旗号的幌子背后,伊斯兰与西方之间的冲突早已真正展开。这场斗争在多个层面上进行。其中最重要的是意识形态的斗争。这场较量的胜者将决定未来属于伊斯兰,还是属于西方世俗自由主义。

Hence, behind Bush’ s charade of fighting terrorism the clash between Islam and the West is well and truly under way. This struggle is being fought at several levels. The most important of all is the ideological struggle. The winner of this battle will decide whether the future belongs to Islam or Western secular liberalism.

所以现在出现的问题是：谁在思想之争中占上风？答案是，西方早在很久以前就已在与伊斯兰的思想战争中落败。原因如下：

So the question that now arises is who is winning the battle of ideas? The answer is that the West lost the ideological war against Islam long ago. This is due to the following reasons:

1. 西方在过去两百年间一直在反对伊斯兰思想，希望以此劝阻穆斯林放弃伊斯兰教。这场运动始于东方学家，他们研究伊斯兰教，并攻击其信仰和律法。

1. The West has spent the last two hundred years combating Islamic thoughts in the hope of dissuading Muslims from Islam. This campaign began with the orientalists who studied Islam and attacked its beliefs and rules.

例如，他们攻击《古兰经》的神圣性、圣战（吉哈德）、一夫多妻制、伊斯兰的刑罚制度以及哈里发制度。然而，尽管存在这种有组织的努力，试图使穆斯林远离伊斯兰教，西方仍面临着国内外伊斯兰教的复兴。在西方，无论是在移民群体还是本土社群中，伊斯兰教都是增长最快的宗教。

For instance they attacked the divinity of the Quran, jihad, polygamy, the Islamic punishment system and the Caliphate. But despite this organised effort to alienate Muslims from Islam, the West is facing a resurgent Islam both at home and abroad. In the West, Islam is the fastest growing religion both amongst immigrants and the indigenous community.

1989年至1998年间，欧洲的穆斯林人口增长了一倍多，达到1400万（约2

Between 1989 and 1998 the Islamic population in Europe grew by over 100 percent, to 14 million (approximately 2

percent of the population），根据联合国的统计数据。xxviii"在未来20年内，英国本土皈依者的人数将等于或超过带来这一信仰的移民穆斯林群体，甚至超过他们"，一本《古兰经》教科书指南的作者罗斯·肯德里克（Rose Kendrick）如是说。xxix美国也未能免于这一现象。一位专家估计，美国每年有25,000人皈依伊斯兰教；一些宗教人士表示，自9·11事件以来，他们所见的皈依率增长了三倍。xxx

percent of the population), according to United Nations statistics.xxviii "Within the next 20 years the number of British converts will equal or overtake the immigrant Muslim community that brought the faith here", says Rose Kendrick the author of a textbook guide to the Koranxxix. America is not immune from this phenomenon. One expert estimates that 25,000 people a year become Muslims in the US; some clerics say they have seen conversion rates quadruple since Sept. 11xxx.

撇开皈依人数的数字不谈，生活在西方的穆斯林对世俗自由主义的态度同样令人痛心。ICM 民意调查机构曾就英国穆斯林的态度进行调查，并公布了以下结果：81% 的人认为言论自由是用来侮辱伊斯兰教的手段；61% 的人支持沙里亚（Sharia）；88% 的人希望在学校中开设伊斯兰教内容；60% 的人认为自己没有融入当地社会的必要。

Conversion figures aside, the attitudes of Muslims living in the West towards secular liberalism is equally damning. A recent ICM poll surveying Muslim attitudes in Britain published the following results: 81% view freedom of speech as a means of insulting Islam, 61% support the Sharia, 88% want Islam in schools, and 60% do not think they need to integrate.

如果这就是启蒙思想的主要堡垒之一中穆斯林的观点，那么人们只能猜测穆斯林世界对世俗自由主义价值观的立场。可以说，西方未能说服穆斯林大众相信西方文化优于伊斯兰教。

If this is the outlook of Muslims in one of the main citadels of enlightenment then one can only guess the stance of Muslim world towards secular liberal values. Suffice to say that the West has failed to convince the Muslim masses that Western culture is better than Islam.

2. 过去，西方曾借重一批现代主义者，如里法阿·拓塔维（Rifa’a At-Tahtawi，1801-1873）、贾马勒·丁·阿富汗尼（Jamal Ad-Din Al-Afghani，1838-1897）、穆罕默德·阿布笃（Muhammad Abduh，1849-1905）、塔哈·侯赛因（Taha Hussein，1889-1973）、拉希德·里达（Rashid Rida，1865-1935）和赛义德·艾哈迈德·汗（Syed Ahmad Khan，1817-1898），让他们充当先锋，以伊斯兰的名义推行西方文化。这些改革者的影响不仅已被抵消，而且还被扭转了。

2. In the past the West employed the services of modernists such as Rifa’a At-Tahtawi (1801-1873), Jamal Ad-Din Al- Afghani (1838-1897), Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905), Taha Hussein (1889,1973), Rashid Rida (1865-1935) and Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-1898) to spear head their campaign of introducing Western culture under the guise of Islam. The impact of these reformists has not only been nullified but also reversed.

今天的现代主义者发现自己处于一种岌岌可危的境地。

Today’ s modernists find themselves in a precarious situation.

他们遭到穆斯林的鄙视，被视为西方出于诋毁伊斯兰的意图而实施的文化帝国主义的工具。

They are despised by Muslims and are seen as instruments of the cultural imperialism undertaking the West’ s bidding to defame Islam.

在西方人眼中，他们被视为过于伊斯兰化，不再被委以阻止穆斯林背离伊斯兰教的重任。美国撤销塔里克·拉马丹的签证，以及媒体对卡尔达维访问英国的舆论愤慨，集中体现了西方对现代主义者的不信任。总体而言，他们已声名狼藉，在西方与伊斯兰之间的思想较量中变得无关紧要。

In Western eyes they are viewed as being too Islamic and are no longer entrusted with the responsibility of turning Muslims away from Islam. America’ s decision to revoke Tariq Ramadan’ s visa and the media outrage at Al- Qardawi’ s visit to the UK epitomises the West’ s mistrust of modernists. On the whole they are discredited and have become irrelevant in the battle of ideas between the West and Islam.

3. 西方对伊斯兰世界造成的最大打击发生在1924年3月3日，当时英国通过其走狗穆斯塔法·凯末尔摧毁了哈里发制度。柯松勋爵在下议院发言时说："问题的关键在于，土耳其已经被摧毁，永远不会再崛起，因为我们摧毁了她的精神力量："

3. The biggest blow dealt by the West against the Islamic world came on March 3rd, 1924, when Britain through her stooge Mustafa Kamal destroyed the Caliphate. Lord Curzon speaking in the House of Commons said, "The point at issue is that Turkey has been destroyed and shall never rise again, because we have destroyed her spiritual power:

……哈里发国与伊斯兰。此后，欧洲列强瓜分了伊斯兰土地，对穆斯林民众实行直接的殖民统治。

the Caliphate and Islam.“ Subsequently, the European powers carved up the Islamic lands between them, establishing direct colonial rule over the Muslim people.

穆斯林大众第一次接触到西方的各种解决方案，从掠夺他们财富的经济方案，到使他们与自身历史割裂、把伊斯兰简化为一套仪式、并教导他们如何像西方人那样思考的教育课程。

The Muslim masses for the first time were exposed to Western solutions ranging from economic solutions which plundered their wealth to an educational syllabus which disconnected them from their history, reduced Islam to a mere set of rituals and taught them how to think like Westerners.

此外,伊斯兰从世俗生活中被抹除,取而代之的是世俗统治。后来,西方给予了他们所制造出来的穆斯林国家以所谓的"虚假独立",并任命忠诚的仆从来维护西方的利益,代表西方统治穆斯林民众。

Moreover, Islam was effaced from temporal life only to be replaced by a secular rule. Later the West granted pseudo independence to the Muslim countries they had invented and appointed loyal servants to safeguard Western interests and to rule over Muslim people on their behalf.

如果西方曾以为，八年来对世俗主义的屈从足以使穆斯林大众放弃政治伊斯兰，那他们就严重误判了。当今伊斯兰复兴的强烈程度与走向，已经吸引了西方领导人的注意。2004年，弗拉基米尔·普京、托尼·布莱尔和唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德加入了西方领导人长期以来的合唱，警告重新崛起的哈里发国所带来的危险。基辛格对此作了恰当的概括，他说："……我们在美国称之为恐怖主义的东西，实际上是激进伊斯兰对世俗世界和民主世界的起义，目的是重新建立某种哈里发国xxxi。"

If the West had thought that eight years of subjugation to secularism would have been enough to deter the Muslim masses from political Islam then they were gravely mistaken. The ferocity and direction of today’ s Islamic revival has seized the attention of Western leaders. Vladimir Putin, Tony Blair and Donald Rumsfeld have joined a long chorus of Western leaders in 2004 warning about the dangers of a resurgent Caliphate. This was aptly summed up by Kissinger who said,”…what we call terrorism in the United States, but which is really the uprising of radical Islam against the secular world, and against the democratic world, on behalf of re-establishing a sort of Caliphate xxxi”.

4. 世俗主义的思想存在一个内在缺陷，这使得穆斯林世界对它的排斥几乎是可以预见的。原因在于，世俗主义坚持将伊斯兰在社会中的作用限定于个人的崇拜层面，而管理社会的政治决策则交由人类自行决定。这与穆斯林的教义直接相悖，因为后者认为政治是伊斯兰不可分割的一部分，即在穆斯林看来，伊斯兰就是政治。伯纳德·刘易斯（Bernard Lewis）也作出了类似的评价，他说：“伊斯兰之中没有本土的世俗主义，而对效仿基督教范例而引入的世俗主义的广泛排斥，可以归因于两种宗教文化在信仰和经验上的深刻差异 xxxii”。

4. There is an inherent flaw in the ideology of secularism, which has led to its predictable rejection by the Muslim world. This is because secularism insists on restricting the role of Islam in society to personal worship only. Political decisions about running the society are left to human beings. This directly contradicts the doctrine of Muslims, which considers politics an indivisible part of Islam i.e. to Muslims Islam is politics. Bernard Lewis gave a similar assessment and said, “The absence of native secularism in Islam and the wide spread rejection of an imported secularism inspired by Christian example, may be attributed to certain profound differences of belief and experience in the two religious cultures xxxii”.

此外，世俗主义总会留下精神上的空虚，尤其是当人类面对自己无法解决的问题时。将真主与世俗事务分离，只会加剧这种感受。正是这种思想上的软弱，促成了政治伊斯兰在世俗专制统治下的急剧兴起，而这种统治在穆斯林世界的许多地方普遍存在。

Furthermore, secularism always leaves a spiritual void, especially when human beings are confronted by problems, which they are unable to solve. Separating God from temporal matters only accentuates this feeling. It is this intellectual weakness that has contributed to the dramatic rise of political Islam under the secular autocratic rule, which pervades much of the Muslim world.

西方应当从共产主义无法使穆斯林放弃伊斯兰教这一事实中吸取教训。共产主义是一种远比世俗主义更为深刻的意识形态，却同样未能说服穆斯林大众接受唯物主义和人造法律。

The West should take heed from the inability of communism to dissuade Muslims from Islam. Communism a far deeper ideology than secularism also failed to convince the Muslim masses of materialism and man-made laws.

5. 西方在穆斯林世界推广西方价值观的双重标准，极大地削弱了其公信力。尤其是在9·11事件之后，西方的双重标准达到了新的高度。阿布格莱布监狱事件揭示了西方虚伪与对穆斯林仇恨的真实程度。

5. The duplicity of the West in promoting Western values across the Muslim world has greatly undermined its credibility. Especially, after September 11, when Western doubles standards reached new heights. It was the episode of Abu Ghraib that revealed the true extent of the Western hypocrisy and hatred towards Muslims.

西方的一些理念，例如自由、民主、人权，遭受了毁灭性的打击，而这一打击并非来自穆斯林，而是来自所谓自由的捍卫者美国。即便是穆斯林世界中充当其代理人的统治者，也都喘不过气来，无法使美国免于其所犯下的罪恶。

Western ideas such as freedom, democracy, human rights were given a devastating blow not by Muslims, but by America the so-called defender of liberty. Even the agent rulers in the Muslim world were left gasping and could not shield America from the evil crimes she had committed.

在一次举动之中，美国以其自身的所作所为，永久性地损害了它在穆斯林世界中的地位，并严重削弱了那些构成西方文明基石的思想。以至于许多非穆斯林开始质疑这些思想的正当性，以及其政府在海外所扮演的欺骗性角色。

In one swoop, America by its own handiwork had permanently damaged its standing in the Muslim world and had gravely weakened the very ideas that represent the cornerstone of Western civilisation. So much so, that many non-Muslims are questioning the validity of these ideas and the deceitful role played by their governments abroad.

因此，西方政府第一次面临这样的挑战：它们必须说服本国公民，为什么这些价值观在国内需要受到限制，而与此同时，这些价值观却被强行推给穆斯林世界。也许西方人应当从奥斯卡·王尔德的话中寻求慰藉，他说：“民主不过是人民借人民之名，对人民进行的棍棒打压。”这些都是促使穆斯林世界拒斥西方文化及其世俗自由主义哲学的原因。

Hence for the very first time, Western governments are faced with the challenge of convincing their own citizens why these values have to be curbed at home, while they are forcibly thrust upon the Muslim world. Perhaps Westerners should seek solace in the words of Oscar Wilde who said, “Democracy means simply the bludgeoning of the people by the people for the people.” These are some of the reasons, which have contributed to the Muslim world’ s rejection of Western culture and its secular liberal philosophy.

严峻的现实摆在西方政府面前：穆斯林乌玛已经赢得了思想之战。意识形态斗争的篇章或多或少已经结束。但乌玛与西方之间的政治斗争篇章仍未结束，尽管其时间有限。原因在于，西方及其代理人在穆斯林世界已不再拥有政治合法性。这些代理人之所以能够存续，全靠西方列强的顽固支持。

The stark reality facing Western governments today is that the Muslim Ummah has won the battle of ideas. The chapter of ideological struggle between the Muslim Ummah and the West is more or less closed. But the chapter of political struggle between the Ummah and the West is still open- albeit for limited period. This is because the West and their surrogates have no political legitimacy left in the Muslim world. These surrogates only survive because of dogged support from Western powers.

因此，西方及其傀儡独自在强迫乌玛接受西方价值观。而乌玛则坚定地拒绝西方文化，呼吁恢复全球伊斯兰国家。这两种立场是无法调和的，政权与民众之间观点的对立不可能无限期地持续下去。

Therefore the West and their puppets stand alone in coercing the Ummah to accept Western values. While the Ummah stands firm rejecting Western culture and calling for the return of a global Islamic state. The two positions are irreconcilable and polarisation in viewpoints between the regimes and its people cannot continue indefinitely.

只是时间问题，穆斯林终将推翻那强加于他们的、不公正的世俗秩序。

It is only a matter of time before Muslims overthrow the secular order, which has been unjustly imposed upon them.

鉴于其代理人未能遏制政治伊斯兰的发展，西方以反恐为借口，试图重新占领穆斯林的土地，以徒劳的努力来巩固其价值观并维护其物质利益。

Sensing the failure of its surrogates to contain political Islam, the West under the pretext of fighting terrorism has sought to re-occupy the Muslim lands in a desperate bid to reinforce its values and to safeguard its material interests.

西方对待穆斯林世界的行为,可以比作一位失败的教师。这样的教师不断体罚学生,妄图把学校的价值观灌输给他们。结果,他不但失去了对课堂的控制,还毁掉了他原本想要守护的那所学校本身。

West’ s behaviour towards the Muslim world can be likened to that of a failed schoolteacher. A failed schoolteacher is a person who continues to beat his pupils in the vain hope of imbuing them with the values of the school. Instead, the teacher not only loses control of the class but also brings down the very establishment he is trying to protect.

诚然，西方人需要害怕的，与其说是伊斯兰主义者，不如说是他们自己的政府。这些政府以自由和民主之名，正一点一点地侵蚀其文明的根基。

Indeed Westerners have got far less to fear from the Islamists and more to fear from their own governments who in the name of freedom and democracy are slowly but surely ebbing away at the very foundations of their civilisation.

2005年3月1日

March 1, 2005