Wanachuoni ambao wanakubali aina hii ya Ijma' wameizuia kwa watu wa Madina. Wanaegemeza maoni yao juu ya Hadithi ya Mtume ﷺ:

The Ulema who subscribe to this type of Ijma‟ have restricted it to the people of Madinah. They base their opinion on the Hadith of the Prophet (saw):

"Mji wa Madinah hutakasa uchafu wote (Khabath)." (Bukhari na Muslim)

“The Madinah city cleanses all filth (Khabath).” (Bukhari & Muslim)

Wanazuoni pia wanadai kwamba neno "Khabath" (خرع) lina maana ya makosa, na katika kesi hii Hadithi pia inaashiria kwamba watu wake hawana makosa. Kwa kuwa watu hao hawana makosa, inafuata kwamba Ijma‟ yao inachukuliwa kuwa sahihi.

The Ulema also claim that Khabath (خرع ) means mistakes and in this case the Hadith would also indicate that its people are free from mistakes. Since the people are free from mistakes, it follows that their Ijma‟ is considered valid.

Hadithi kamili imetajwa katika Bukhari na Muslim. Inasimulia kwamba mwenyeji wa jangwani alitoa ahadi ya Uislamu kwa Mtume ﷺ, kisha akaugua na kusema: Ee Mtume ﷺ, niachilie kutoka kwenye ahadi niliyokupa. Mtume ﷺ alikataa. Yule mtu kisha aliomba tena, na Mtume ﷺ tena akakataa, kwa hiyo akamwacha Mtume ﷺ na akapona. Mtume ﷺ akasema:

The complete text of the Hadith is mentioned in Bukhari and Muslim. It relates that a bedouin gave the pledge of Islam to the Prophet (saw), he then became sick and said: O Prophet (saw), free me from the allegiance I gave to you. The Prophet (saw) rejected. The man then asked again and the Prophet (saw) again rejected, so he left the Prophet (saw) and became well. The Prophet (saw) said:

"Mji wa Madinah ni kama mfuko wa kufukuta hewa (chombo kinachotumiwa na mhunzi kupuliza hewa kwenye moto ili moto uwake haraka). Huondoa uchafu wake (Khabath), na wema wake utang'aa." (Bukhari, Muslim & Ahmad)

“The city of Madinah is like the bellows (an instrument used by a blacksmith for blowing air into the fire to make the fire burn quickly). It cleanses its filth (Khabath) and its goodness will shine”. (Bukhari, Muslim & Ahmad)

Hadith hii inaonyesha sifa ya mji wa Madina kwamba unawasafisha watu, haionyeshi watu wa Madina kama watu. Zaidi ya hayo, kosa lolote katika Ijtihad haliwezi kuchukuliwa kuwa Khabath (uchafu) kwa sababu katika hilo hakuna thawabu.

This Hadith indicates an attribute of the city of Madinah that it cleanses people, it does not indicate the people of Madinah as such. Furthermore, any mistake in Ijtihad cannot be considered as Khabath (filth) because there is no reward in this.

Mtume ﷺ amekataza khabaath (uchafu). Katika kauli zifuatazo za Mtume ﷺ:

The Prophet (saw) has forbid Khabath (filth). In the following sayings of the Prophet (saw):

"Mbwa ni najisi, na bei yake (fedha inayopatikana kwa kuuza mbwa) ni khabithi (uchafu)." (Muslim)

“The Dog is Filth and the the price (money obtained from selling) of a dog is Khabith (filth).” (Muslim)

"Mahari (mali inayochukuliwa kwa ajili ya zinaa) ya kahaba au malaya ni Khabaith (chafu)." (Bukhari na Muslim)

“The dowry (money taken for Zina) of a whore or prostitute is Khabaith (filthy).” (Bukhari & Muslim)

"Pombe ni mama wa khabaith zote (uchafu)." (An-Nisai)

“Alcohol is the mother of all Khabaith (filth).” (An-Nisai)

Hata hivyo, Mujtahid atapata thawabu hata akikosea na kufanya kosa. Kwani Mtume ﷺ alisema: "Umma yangu haiwajibikiwi kwa mambo matatu: makosa, kusahau, na yale yanayofanywa kwa kulazimishwa." (Ibn Majah)

However, the Mujtahid would be rewarded even if he erred and made an error. For the Prophet (saw) said “My Ummah is not responsible for three things: mistakes, forgetfulness, and whatever is done under duress.” (Ibn Majah)

Kwa hiyo, khabath haiwezi kuchukuliwa kuwa kosa, na Ijma‟ ahlel Madinah haiwezi kuchukuliwa kuwa isiyokosea. Zaidi ya hayo, Hadith inayotumiwa kuhalalisha Ijma‟ ahlel Madinah si ya Qata‟i.

So, Khabath cannot be considered as an error and Ijma‟ ahlel Madinah cannot be taken as infallible. Furthermore, the Hadith used to justify Ijma‟ ahlel Madinah is not Qata‟i.