1 Ebu Davud tarafından rivayet edilmiştir. Hadisleri derleyenlerine göre belirttim. Örneğin, "Buhârî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir" ifadesi, hadisin Buhârî'nin derlediği hadis kitabında bulunduğu anlamına gelir. Çeşitli hadisleri çevrimiçi İngilizce ve Arapça veritabanlarında arayabilirsiniz. Lütfen çevirilerin farklılık gösterebileceğini unutmayın.

1 Narrated by Abu Dawud. I have referenced the Prophetic traditions by their compilers. For example, “Narrated by Bukhari” means that it is in the hadith book compiled by Bukhari. You can search for the various hadiths using online English and Arabic databases. Please note translations may vary.

2 Al-Ghazali. (2015). The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife. 2

2 Al-Ghazali. (2015). The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife. 2

2. Baskı.

nd Edition.

Translated with an Introduction and Notes by T. J. Winter. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, s. 8.

Translated with an Introduction and Notes by T. J. Winter. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, p. 8.

3 Bu münazaralardan bazılarını www.hamzatzortzis.com adresinde izleyebilirsiniz [Erişim tarihi: 3 Ekim 2016].

3 You can watch some of these debates at www.hamzatzortzis.com [Accessed 3rd October 2016].

4 sahih hadis, Hz. Muhammed'in ﷺ doğrulanmış sözleri, fiilleri, sükûtları ve onayıdır.

4 Prophetic traditions are authentic and verified words, statements, actions and consent of the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم.

5 Bullivant, S. (2015). Defining ‘Atheism’. In: The Oxford Handbook of Atheism.

5 Bullivant, S. (2015). Defining ‘Atheism’. In: The Oxford Handbook of Atheism.

Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 11-21.

Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 11-21.

6 Schweizer, B. (2010). Hating God: The Untold Story of Misotheism. New York: Oxford University Press, s. 28.

6 Schweizer, B. (2010). Hating God: The Untold Story of Misotheism. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 28.

7Ibid, s. 216.

7Ibid, p. 216.

8Ibid, s. 217-218.

8Ibid, pp. 217-218.

9. Age, s. 217-218.

9Ibid, pp. 217-218.

10 Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion. London: Bantam Press, s. 14.

10 Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion. London: Bantam Press, p. 14.

11 Muslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

11 Narrated by Muslim.

12 Kur'an, Bakara Suresi, Ayet 52:36. Bu kitap boyunca çeşitli Kur'an çevirilerinden yararlandım. En sık kullandığım çeviriler, Profesör Abdel Haleem'in çevirisi [Bakınız: Abdel Haleem, M. A. S. (2005 & Yeniden Basım, 2008) The Qur'an: A New Translation. New York: Oxford University Press] ve Sahih International çevirisi [www.quran.com adresinde mevcut]dir. 13 "İbrahim'in dininden kim yüz çevirir ki, kendini aptallaştırmış olmasın?" Kur'an, Bakara Suresi, Ayet 130.

12 The Qur’an, Chapter 52, Verse 36. Throughout this book I have used various Qur’anic translations. The translations I have used most frequently are the translation by Professor Abdel Haleem [See Abdel Haleem, M. A. S. (2005 & Reissue Edition, 2008) The Qur’an: A New Translation. New York: Oxford University Press] and the translation by Sahih International [available at: www.quran.com]. 13 “Who but a fool would forsake the religion of Abraham?” The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 130.

14 Crone, P. Atheism (pre-modern). In: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23358 [Accessed 1st October 2016].

14 Crone, P. Atheism (pre-modern). In: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23358 [Accessed 1st October 2016].

15 Age.

15 Ibid.

16 Al-Gazali. (2007). Kimiya-e Saadat: The Alchemy of Happiness. Çev. Claude Field. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, s. 22. Çevirmen, bunun fizikçilere atıfta bulunduğunu belirtmektedir; ancak orijinal bağlamda bu ifade, Tanrı'nın takdirini (inayetini) reddedenleri kastetmektedir. 17 Kur'an, Yunus Suresi, Ayet 99.

16 Al-Ghazali. (2007). Kimiya-e Saadat: The Alchemy of Happiness. Translated by Claude Field. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, p. 22. The translator refers to physicists; however, in the original context it refers to those who reject God’s providence. 17 The Qur’an, Chapter 10, Verse 99.

18 Kur'an, Bakara Suresi, Ayet 256.

18 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 256.

19 Idris, J. (2012). An Islamic View of Peaceful Coexistence. Available at: www.jaafaridris.com/an-islamic-view-of-peaceful-coexistence [Accessed 1st October 2016].

19 Idris, J. (2012). An Islamic View of Peaceful Coexistence. Available at: www.jaafaridris.com/an-islamic-view-of-peaceful-coexistence [Accessed 1st October 2016].

20 Bremmer, J. N. (2007). Atheism in Antiquity. In: M. Martin, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, 1st Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 11.

20 Bremmer, J. N. (2007). Atheism in Antiquity. In: M. Martin, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, 1st Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 11.

21 Hyman, G. (2007). Atheism in Modern History. In: M. Martin, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, s. 29.

21 Hyman, G. (2007). Atheism in Modern History. In: M. Martin, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, p. 29.

22 Addison, J. (1753). The Evidence of the Christian Religion. London, s. 224-223.

22 Addison, J. (1753). The Evidence of the Christian Religion. London, pp. 224-223.

23 Hyman, G. (2007). Atheism in Modern History, s. 31. 24 Bradlaugh, C. (1929). Humanity's Gain from Unbelief and Other Selections from the Works of Charles Bradlaugh. London: Watts & Co. The Thinkers Library, No. 4. 25 Ibid, s. 23.

23 Hyman, G. (2007). Atheism in Modern History, p. 31. 24 Bradlaugh, C. (1929). Humanity’s Gain from Unbelief and Other Selections from the Works of Charles Bradlaugh. London: Watts & Co. The Thinkers Library, No. 4. 25 Ibid, p. 23.

26 Age., s. 1.

26 Ibid, p. 1.

27 Modernizing the Case for God. Time Magazine, 7 April 1980, s. 65-66. Erişim adresi: http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,921990,00.html [Erişim tarihi: 2

27 Modernizing the Case for God. Time Magazine, 7 April 1980, pp. 65-66. Available at: http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,921990,00.html [Accessed 2

[2 Ekim 2016 tarihinde erişildi].

nd October 2016].

28 Crick, F. (1982). Life Itself: Its Origin and Nature. London: Futura Publications, ss. 117-129.

28 Crick, F. (1982). Life Itself: Its Origin and Nature. London: Futura Publications, pp. 117-129.

29 Hitchens, C. (2007). God Is Not Great: The Case Against Religion. New York: Atlantic Books, s. 13.

29 Hitchens, C. (2007). God Is Not Great: The Case Against Religion. New York: Atlantic Books, p. 13.

Harris, S. (2006). The End of Faith: Religion, Terror and the Future of Reason. London: The Free Press, s. 227.

30 Harris, S. (2006). The End of Faith: Religion, Terror and the Future of Reason. London: The Free Press, p. 227.

31 Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion, s. 20.

31 Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion, p. 20.

Cited in William, P. S. (2009). A Sceptic's Guide to Atheism. Milton Keynes: Paternoster, s. 41.

32 Cited in William, P. S. (2009). A Sceptic’s Guide to Atheism. Milton Keynes: Paternoster, p. 41.

33 Age., s. 44.

33 Ibid p. 44.

34 Office for National Statistics. (2011). Religion in England Wales 2011.[online] Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rpt-religion.html#tab-Changing-picture-of-religious-affiliation-over-last-decade. [Accessed 1st October 2016].

34 Office for National Statistics. (2011). Religion in England Wales 2011.[online] Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rpt-religion.html#tab-Changing-picture-of-religious-affiliation-over-last-decade. [Accessed 1st October 2016].

35 Biotechnology Report. Fieldwork January 2010 – February 2010. Bruxelles: TNS Opinion & Social, s. 203. Mevcut: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf [Erişim tarihi 1 Ekim 2016].

35 Biotechnology Report. Fieldwork January 2010 – February 2010. Bruxelles: TNS Opinion & Social, p. 203. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf [Accessed 1st October 2016].

36 Çin'deki ateizmin tarihinin kendine özgü karmaşıklıkları vardır ve Batı ateizmiyle eşitlenemez. Çin ateizmi Darwinizmden ya da Dawkins tipi yeni ateizmden kaynaklanmaz. Çin'deki ateizm, kendine özgü bir dizi kültürel, siyasi ve entelektüel etkene dayanır. Onu kendi başına incelemek gerekir.

36 The history of atheism in China has its own complexities and cannot be equated with Western atheism. Chinese atheism is not due to Darwinism or a Dawkins type of new atheism. Atheism in China is based on a unique set of cultural, political and intellectual factors. It has to be studied on its own.

37 Zuckerman, P. (2007). Atheism: Contemporary Numbers and Patterns. In: M. Martin, ed, The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, s. 61.

37 Zuckerman, P. (2007). Atheism: Contemporary Numbers and Patterns. In: M. Martin, ed, The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, p. 61.

38 Aynı eser, s. 55.

38 Ibid, p. 55.

39 WIN-Gallup International. (2012). Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism, s. 16. Erişim adresi: http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 2 Ekim 216].

39 WIN-Gallup International. (2012). Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism, p. 16. Available at: http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf [Accessed 2nd October 216].

40Bu bölümdeki bazı fikirler Craig, W.L.'nin The absurdity of life without god adlı çalışmasından esinlenilmiş ve uyarlanmıştır. Erişim: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/the absurdity-of-life-without-god [Erişim tarihi: 23 Kasım 2016].

40Some of ideas in this chapter have been inspired by and adapted from Craig, W.L. The absurdity of life without god. Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/the absurdity-of-life-without-god [Accessed 23rd November 2016].

41Schopenhauer, A. (2014). Studies in Pessimism: On the Sufferings of the World. [ebook] The University of Adelaide Library. Chapter 1. Available at: https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/s/schopenhauer/arthur/pessimism/chapter1.html [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

41Schopenhauer, A. (2014). Studies in Pessimism: On the Sufferings of the World. [ebook] The University of Adelaide Library. Chapter 1. Available at: https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/s/schopenhauer/arthur/pessimism/chapter1.html [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

42 Kur'an, Yusuf suresi, 87. ayet.

42 The Qur’an, Chapter 12, Verse 87.

43 Kur'an, 99. Sure, 6-8. Ayetler

43 The Qur’an, Chapter 99, Verses 6 to 8.

44 Kur'an, Câsiye Suresi, Ayet 22.

44 The Qur’an, Chapter 45, Verse 22.

45 Kur'an, Kaf Suresi, Ayet 35.

45 The Qur’an, Chapter 50, Verse 35.

46 Kur'an, Yunus Suresi, Ayet 26.

46 The Qur’an, Chapter 10, Verse 26.

47 Kur'an, Yâsîn Suresi, 55-58. Ayetler

47 The Qur’an, Chapter 36, Verses 55 to 58.

48 Kur'an, Bölüm 17, Ayet 70.

48 The Qur’an, Chapter 17, Verse 70.

49 Kur'an, Âl-i İmrân Suresi, 191. Ayet

49 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 191.

50 Kur'an, Secde Suresi, 18. Ayet.

50 The Qur’an, Chapter, 32, Verse 18.

51 Nasr, S. H. (2004). The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. New York: HarperSanFrancisco, s. 275.

51 Nasr, S. H. (2004). The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. New York: HarperSanFrancisco, p. 275.

52 Kur'an, 57. Sure, 20-21. Ayetler

52 The Qur’an, Chapter 57, Verses 20 to 21.

53 Alıntılanan kaynak: BBC (tarih yok) Radio 4 - In Our Time - greatest philosopher - Ludwig Wittgenstein. Erişim: http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/greatest_philosopher_ludwig_wittgen stein.shtml [Erişim tarihi: 1 Ekim 2016].

53 Cited in BBC (no date) Radio 4 - in our time - greatest philosopher - Ludwig Wittgenstein. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/greatest_philosopher_ludwig_wittgen stein.shtml [Accessed 1st October 2016].

54 Pollan, S. M. ve Levine, M. (2006)'da alıntılanmıştır. It's All in Your Head: Thinking Your Way to Happiness. New York: HarperCollins, s. 4.

54 Cited in Pollan, S. M. and Levine, M. (2006). It’s All in Your Head: Thinking Your Way to Happiness. New York: HarperCollins, p. 4.

55 Williams, M. (2015). The Life Cycle of the Sun. Available at:

55 Williams, M. (2015). The Life Cycle of the Sun. Available at:

http://www.universetoday.com/18847/life-of-the-sun/ [Accessed 2

http://www.universetoday.com/18847/life-of-the-sun/ [Accessed 2

[2 Ekim 2016 tarihinde erişildi].

nd October 2016].

56 Kur'an, Âl-i İmrân Suresi, Ayet 191.

56 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 191.

57 Dawkins, R. (2006). The Selfish Gene. 30th Anniversary edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

57 Dawkins, R. (2006). The Selfish Gene. 30th Anniversary edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

58 Kur'an, Bakara... no — translating faithfully: "58 The Qur'an, Chapter 7, Verse 128." Here the original is a reference label, so the Turkish is: 58 Kur'an, Yedinci Sure, 128. Ayet.

58 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 128.

59 Kur'an, Zümer Suresi, Ayet 29.

59 The Qur’an, Chapter 39, Verse 29.

60 Mogahed, Y. (2015). Reclaim Your Heart. 2nd Edition. San Clemente, CA: FB Publishing, s. 55.

60 Mogahed, Y. (2015). Reclaim Your Heart. 2nd Edition. San Clemente, CA: FB Publishing, p. 55.

61 Kur'an, Hud Suresi, Ayet 105.

61 The Qur’an, Chapter 11, Verse 105.

62 Kur'an, Furkan Suresi, Ayet 75.

62 The Qur’an, Chapter 25, Verse 75.

63 Kur'an, Haşr Suresi, Ayet 19.

63 The Qur’an, Chapter 59, Verse 19.

64 Dawkins, R. (2001). River Out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life. London: Phoenix, s. 155.

64 Dawkins, R. (2001). River Out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life. London: Phoenix, p. 155.

65 BonJour, L. (1998). In Defense of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, s. 100-102.

65 BonJour, L. (1998). In Defense of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 100-102.

BonJour, L. (1995). "Toward a Moderate Rationalism." Philosophical Topics 23, no. 1: 50.

66 BonJour, L. (1995). “Toward a Moderate Rationalism.” Philosophical Topics 23, no. 1: 50.

67 Basic assumptions of science (tarih yok) Erişim adresi: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/basic_assumptions [Erişim tarihi: 14 Kasım 2016].

67 Basic assumptions of science (no date) Available at: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/basic_assumptions [Accessed 14th November 2016].

68 Darwin Correspondence Project (2016) Mevcut: https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-13230.xml [Erişim tarihi: 4 Ekim 2016].

68 Darwin Correspondence Project (2016) Available at: https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-13230.xml [Accessed 4th October 2016].

69 O’Hear, A. (1997). Beyond Evolution: Human Nature and the Limits of Evolutionary Explanation. New York: Oxford University Press, s. 60.

69 O’Hear, A. (1997). Beyond Evolution: Human Nature and the Limits of Evolutionary Explanation. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 60.

70 Gray, J. (2014). The Closed Mind of Richard Dawkins. Available at: https://newrepublic.com/article/119596/appetite-wonder-review-closed-mind-richard-dawkins [Accessed 4th October 2016].

70 Gray, J. (2014). The Closed Mind of Richard Dawkins. Available at: https://newrepublic.com/article/119596/appetite-wonder-review-closed-mind-richard-dawkins [Accessed 4th October 2016].

71 Francis, C. (1994). The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, s. 262. 72 Pinker, S. (1997). How the Mind Works. New York: W. W. Norton, s. 305.

71 Francis, C. (1994). The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, p. 262. 72 Pinker, S. (1997). How the Mind Works. New York: W. W. Norton, p. 305.

73 Harris, S. (2010). The Moral Landscape. New York: Free Press, s. 66.

73 Harris, S. (2010). The Moral Landscape. New York: Free Press, p. 66.

74 Sage, James. "Truth-Reliability and the Evolution of Human Cognitive Faculties." Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 117, no. 1/2 (2004): 102.

74 Sage, James. “Truth-Reliability and the Evolution of Human Cognitive Faculties.” Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 117, no. 1/2 (2004): 102.

75 Ibid, s. 104.

75 Ibid, p. 104.

Aynı yer.

76 Ibid.

77 Age.

77 Ibid.

Tzortzis, H. (2019). Can evolution adequately explain our truth-reliable cognitive faculties? Available at: http://www.hamzatzortzis.com/can-evolution-adequately explain-our-truth-reliable-cognitive-faculties. [Accessed 30th September 2019].

78 Tzortzis, H. (2019). Can evolution adequately explain our truth-reliable cognitive faculties? Available at: http://www.hamzatzortzis.com/can-evolution-adequately explain-our-truth-reliable-cognitive-faculties. [Accessed 30th September 2019].

79 Kur'an, Fussilet suresi, Ayet 53.

79 The Qur’an, Chapter 41, Verse 53.

80 Kur'an, Muhammed Suresi, Ayet 24.

80 The Qur’an, Chapter 47, Verse 24.

81 Kur'an, Hud Suresi, 51. Ayet

81 The Qur’an, Chapter 11, Verse 51.

82 Kur'an, Âl-i İmrân Suresi, Ayet 190.

82 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 190.

83 Tallis, R. (2014). Aping Mankind: Neuromania, Darwinitis and the Misrepresentation of Humanity. New York: Routledge, s. 87.

83 Tallis, R. (2014). Aping Mankind: Neuromania, Darwinitis and the Misrepresentation of Humanity. New York: Routledge, p. 87.

84 Searle, J. (1989). Reply to Jacquette'ten alınmış ve uyarlanmıştır. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 49(4), 703.

84 Taken and adapted from Searle, J. (1989). Reply to Jacquette. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 49(4), 703.

85 Bu itirazın cevabı, Kane B. (2014) Philosophy of mind 4.2 - objections to functionalism'den esinlenilerek ve uyarlanarak hazırlanmıştır. Erişim: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmEk1lq_Wgk [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2016].

85 The response to this objection has been inspired by and adapted from Kane B. (2014) Philosophy of mind 4.2 - objections to functionalism. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmEk1lq_Wgk [Accessed 24th October 2016].

Searle, J. (1984). Minds, Brains and Science. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, s. 32-33.

86 Searle, J. (1984). Minds, Brains and Science. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, pp. 32-33.

87 Searle, J. (1990). Is the Brain’s Mind a Computer Program? Scientific American, 262: 27.

87 Searle, J. (1990). Is the Brain’s Mind a Computer Program? Scientific American, 262: 27.

88 Age., s. 30.

88 Ibid, p. 30.

89 Ibid. Diğer itirazlara verilen yanıtlar ve bu konuya ilişkin daha fazla ayrıntı için lütfen şunlara bakınız: Searle, J. (1980) Minds, Brains, and Programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, ss. 417-424; Searle, J. (1980) Intrinsic Intentionality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, ss. 450-456; Searle, J. (1989). Reply to Jacquette. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 49(4), ss. 701-708; Searle, J. (1990). Is the Brain's Mind a Computer Program? Scientific American, 262, ss. 26-31; Searle, J. (1992). The Rediscovery of the Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

89 Ibid. For responses to other objections and more detail on this topic please see: Searle, J. (1980) Minds, Brains, and Programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, pp. 417-424; Searle, J. (1980) Intrinsic Intentionality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, pp. 450-456; Searle, J. (1989). Reply to Jacquette. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 49(4), pp. 701-708; Searle, J. (1990). Is the Brain's Mind a Computer Program? Scientific American, 262, pp. 26-31; Searle, J. (1992). The Rediscovery of the Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

90 Hasker, W. Metaphysics. Downer's Grove, Ill: InterVarsity, 1983, s. 49, ve bakınız: "The Transcendental Refutation of Determinism," Southern Journal of Philosophy, 11, 1973, ss. 175–83.

90 Hasker, W. Metaphysics. Downer’s Grove, Ill: InterVarsity, 1983, p. 49, and see: “The Transcendental Refutation of Determinism,” Southern Journal of Philosophy, 11, 1973, pp. 175–83.

91 BBC Today. (2008). Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7745000/7745514.stm [Accessed 1st October 2016].

91 BBC Today. (2008). Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7745000/7745514.stm [Accessed 1st October 2016].

Ibn Teymiyye, A. (1991). Dar’ Ta’arud al-‘Aql wan-Naql. 2. Baskı. Muhammed Reşad Salim tarafından neşredilmiştir. Riyad, Cami'atu'l-İmam Muhammed bin Suud el-İslamiyye. Cilt 8, s. 482.

92 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (1991). Dar’ Ta’arud al-‘Aql wan-Naql. 2nd Edition. Edited by Muhammad Rashad Salim. Riyadh, Jami’ah al-Imam Muhammad bin Saud al Islamiyah. Vol 8, p. 482.

93 Al-Isfahani, Al-Raghib. (2009). Mufradat al-Qurʾan al-Karim. 4. Baskı. Ṣafwan Dawudi'nin editörlüğünde. Beyrut: al-Dar al-Shamiyya, s. 640.

93 Al-Isfahani, Al-Raghib. (2009). Mufradat al-Qurʾan al-Karim. 4th Edition. Edited by Ṣafwan Dawudi. Beirut: al-Dar al-Shamiyya, p. 640.

94 Petrovich, O. (1997). Understanding the Non-Natural Causality in Children and Adults: A Case Against Artificialism. Psyche en Geloof, 8, pp. 151-165.

94 Petrovich, O. (1997). Understanding the Non-Natural Causality in Children and Adults: A Case Against Artificialism. Psyche en Geloof, 8, pp. 151-165.

95 Zwartz, B. (2008). Infants ‘Have Natural Belief In God’. Available at: http://www.theage.com.au/national/infants-have-natural-belief-in-god-20080725- 3l3b.html [Accessed 4th October 2016]. 96 Bloom, P. (2007). Religion is Natural. Developmental Science, 10, pp. 147-151. 97 Kelemen, D. (2004). Are Children “Intuitive Theists”? Reasoning About Purpose and Design in Nature. Psychological Science, 15(5), pp. 295-301.

95 Zwartz, B. (2008). Infants ‘Have Natural Belief In God’. Available at: http://www.theage.com.au/national/infants-have-natural-belief-in-god-20080725- 3l3b.html [Accessed 4th October 2016]. 96 Bloom, P. (2007). Religion is Natural. Developmental Science, 10, pp. 147-151. 97 Kelemen, D. (2004). Are Children “Intuitive Theists”? Reasoning About Purpose and Design in Nature. Psychological Science, 15(5), pp. 295-301.

Järnefelt, E., Canfield, C. F. & Kelemen, D. (2015). The Divided Mind of a Disbeliever: Intuitive Beliefs About Nature as Purposefully Created Among Different Groups of Non-Religious Adults. Cognition, 140, pp. 72-88.

98 Järnefelt, E., Canfield, C. F. & Kelemen, D. (2015). The Divided Mind of a Disbeliever: Intuitive Beliefs About Nature as Purposefully Created Among Different Groups of Non-Religious Adults. Cognition, 140, pp. 72-88.

99 Ibid, 74.

99 Ibid, 74.

100 Age.

100 Ibid.

101 Aynı eser, s. 79.

101 Ibid, 79.

102 Age., 81.

102 Ibid, 81.

103 Age., 82.

103 Ibid, 82.

104 Age., 83.

104 Ibid, 83.

105 Age., 84.

105 Ibid, 84.

106 Age.

106 Ibid.

107 Corriveau, K. H., Chen, E. E. ve Harris, P. L. (2015), Judgments About Fact and Fiction by Children From Religious and Nonreligious Backgrounds. Cogn Sci, 39, s. 353–382. 108 Barrett, J. L. (2012). Born Believers: The Science of Children's Religious Belief. New York: Free Press, s. 35-36.

107 Corriveau, K. H., Chen, E. E. and Harris, P. L. (2015), Judgments About Fact and Fiction by Children From Religious and Nonreligious Backgrounds. Cogn Sci, 39, pp. 353–382. 108 Barrett, J. L. (2012). Born Believers: The Science of Children’s Religious Belief. New York: Free Press, pp. 35-36.

109 Al-‘Asqalani, A. (2000). Fath al-Bari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari. 3. Baskı. Riyad: Dar al-Salam, s. 316. 110 Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

109 Al-‘Asqalani, A. (2000). Fath al-Bari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari. 3rd Edition. Riyadh: Dar al-Salam, p. 316. 110 Narrated by Muslim.

111 Al-Ghazali. (2007). Kimiya-e Saadat: The Alchemy of Happiness. Claude Field tarafından çevrilmiştir. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, s. 10.

111 Al-Ghazali. (2007). Kimiya-e Saadat: The Alchemy of Happiness. Translated by Claude Field. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, p. 10.

112 İbn Teymiyye, A. (2004). Mecmûu'l-Fetâvâ Şeyhulislâm Ahmed bin Teymiyye. Medine: Mecmau Malik Fahd. Cilt 16, s. 324.

112 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (2004). Majmu’ al-Fatawa Shaykhul Islam Ahmad bin Taymiyyah. Madina: Mujama’ Malik Fahad. Vol 16, p. 324.

113 Age. Cilt 6, s. 73.

113 Ibid. Vol 6, p. 73.

114 İbn Teymiyye, A. (1991). Dar’ Ta’arud al-‘Aql wan-Naql. Cilt 7, s. 219.

114 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (1991). Dar’ Ta’arud al-‘Aql wan-Naql. Vol 7, p. 219.

115 Kur'an, Nahl Suresi, Ayet 69.

115 The Qur’an, Chapter 16, Verse 69.

116 Kur'an, Yunus Suresi, Ayet 24.

116 The Qur’an, Chapter 10, Verse 24.

117 Kur'an, Tur Suresi, Ayet 35 ve 36.

117 The Qur’an, Chapter 52, Verses 35 and 36.

118 Kur'an, Kasas Suresi, Ayet 56.

118 The Qur’an, Chapter 28, Verse 56.

119 Kur'an, Ibrahim suresi, ayet 10.

119 The Qur’an, Chapter 14, Verse 10.

120 Farfur, M. S. (2010). The Beneficial Message and The Definitive Proof in The Study of Theology. Translation and notes by Wesam Charkawi. Auburn: Wesam Charkawi, s. 85-86.

120 Farfur, M. S. (2010). The Beneficial Message and The Definitive Proof in The Study of Theology. Translation and notes by Wesam Charkawi. Auburn: Wesam Charkawi, pp. 85-86.

121 Gwynne, R. W. (2004) Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur’an: God's Arguments. Abingdon: Routledge. 2004, s. ix.

121 Gwynne, R. W. (2004) Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur’an: God's Arguments. Abingdon: Routledge. 2004, p. ix.

122 Age., s. 203

122 Ibid, p. 203

123 Alıntılanan kaynak: Hoover, J. (2007). Ibn Taymiyya’s Theodicy of Perpetual Optimism. Leiden: Brill, s. 31.

123 Cited in Hoover, J. (2007). Ibn Taymiyya’s Theodicy of Perpetual Optimism. Leiden: Brill, p. 31.

124 Kur'an, Tur Suresi, Ayet 35 ve 36.

124 The Qur’an, Chapter 52, Verses 35 and 36.

Mohar, M. A. (2003). A word for word meaning of the Qur’ān. Vol III. Ipswich: JIMAS, s. 1713.

125 Mohar, M. A. (2003). A word for word meaning of the Qur’ān. Vol III. Ipswich: JIMAS, p. 1713.

126 Bu argüman, Idris, J. (1994) The Contemporary Physicists and God's Existence adlı eserden esinlenilip uyarlanmıştır. Erişim: http://www.jaafaridris.com/the-contemporary-physicists-and-gods-existence/ [Erişim tarihi: 23 Kasım 2016].

126 This argument has been inspired by and adapted from Idris, J. (1994) The Contemporary Physicists and God’s Existence. Available at: http://www.jaafaridris.com/the-contemporary-physicists-and-gods-existence/ [Accessed 23rd November 2016].

127 Hilbert, D. (1964). On the Infinite. In: P. Benacerraf and H. Putnam (eds), Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, p. 151.

127 Hilbert, D. (1964). On the Infinite. In: P. Benacerraf and H. Putnam (eds), Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, p. 151.

128 Quine: Terms explained. Available at: http://www.rit.edu/cla/philosophy/quine/underdetermination.html [Accessed 23rd October 2016].

128 Quine: Terms explained. Available at: http://www.rit.edu/cla/philosophy/quine/underdetermination.html [Accessed 23rd October 2016].

129 American Physical Society. (1998). Focus: The Force of Empty Space. Available at: http://physics.aps.org/story/v2/st28 [Accessed 23rd November 2016].

129 American Physical Society. (1998). Focus: The Force of Empty Space. Available at: http://physics.aps.org/story/v2/st28 [Accessed 23rd November 2016].

130 Leibniz, G. W. (1714). The Principles of Nature and Grace, Based on Reason.

130 Leibniz, G. W. (1714). The Principles of Nature and Grace, Based on Reason.

1714. Şuradan erişilebilir: http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/leibniz1714a.pdf [Erişim tarihi 4

1714. Available at: http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/leibniz1714a.pdf [Accessed 4

[16 Ekim 2016 tarihinde erişildi].

th October 2016].

131 Krauss, L. M. (2012). A Universe from Nothing: Why is there Something Rather Than Nothing. London: Simon & Schuster, s. 170.

131 Krauss, L. M. (2012). A Universe from Nothing: Why is there Something Rather Than Nothing. London: Simon & Schuster, p. 170.

132 Age.

132 Ibid.

133 Aynı eser, s. 105.

133 Ibid, p. 105.

134 Albert, D. (2012). ‘A Universe From Nothing,’ by Lawrence M. Krauss. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/25/books/review/a-universe-from nothing-by-lawrence-m-krauss.html?_r=0 [Accessed 1st October 2016].

134 Albert, D. (2012). ‘A Universe From Nothing,’ by Lawrence M. Krauss. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/25/books/review/a-universe-from nothing-by-lawrence-m-krauss.html?_r=0 [Accessed 1st October 2016].

Craig, W.L. (2012). A Universe from Nothing. Şurada mevcut: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/a-universe-from-nothing [Erişim tarihi: 9

135 Craig, W.L. (2012). A Universe from Nothing. Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/a-universe-from-nothing [Accessed 9

[16 Ekim 2016 tarihinde erişildi].

th October 2016].

136 Analogies adapted from Craig, W.L. (2012). A Universe from Nothing. Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/a-universe-from-nothing [Accessed 9th October 2016].

136 Analogies adapted from Craig, W.L. (2012). A Universe from Nothing. Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/a-universe-from-nothing [Accessed 9th October 2016].

137 Krauss, L. A (2012). Universe from Nothing, s. 174.

137 Krauss, L. A (2012). Universe from Nothing, p. 174.

138 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. In: Psillos, S and Curd, M, ed, The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 137-138.

138 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. In: Psillos, S and Curd, M, ed, The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 137-138.

Krauss, L. (2012) A Universe from Nothing, s. xiii.

139 Krauss, L. (2012) A Universe from Nothing, p. xiii.

140 Age., s. 147.

140 Ibid p. 147.

141 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Erişim adresi: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSwJuOPG4FI [Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2016].

141 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSwJuOPG4FI [Accessed 10th September 2016].

142 Tony Sobrado. (2012). How the Universe Came from ‘Nothing’, Richard Dawkins and Lawrence Krauss discuss. Erişim adresi: https://youtu.be/CXGyesfHzew?t=921 [Erişim tarihi: 2 Ekim 2016].

142 Tony Sobrado. (2012). How the Universe Came from ‘Nothing’, Richard Dawkins and Lawrence Krauss discuss. Available at: https://youtu.be/CXGyesfHzew?t=921 [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

143 Wali-Allah, S. (2003). The Conclusive Argument from God (Hujjat Allah al-Baligha). Translated by Marcia K. Hermansen. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute, p. 33.

143 Wali-Allah, S. (2003). The Conclusive Argument from God (Hujjat Allah al-Baligha). Translated by Marcia K. Hermansen. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute, p. 33.

144 Ele alınmıştır: Al-Bayhaqi, A. (2006). Kitab al-Asma was-Sifat. Abdullah Al-Hashidi tarafından düzenlenmiştir. Kahire: Maktabatu al-Suwaadi. Cilt 2, s. 271.

144 Cited in Al-Bayhaqi, A. (2006). Kitab al-Asma was-Sifat. Edited by Abdullah Al-Hashidi. Cairo: Maktabatu al-Suwaadi. Vol 2, p. 271.

145 Bu örnek, Green, A. R. The Man in the Red Underpants adlı eserden alınmıştır.

145 This example has been taken from Green, A. R. The Man in the Red Underpants.

2

2

İkinci Baskı. Londra: One Reason, s. 9-10.

nd Edition. London: One Reason, pp. 9-10.

146 Bu örnek, Idris, J. (2006). Contemporary Physicists and God's Existence (part 2 of 3): A Series of Causes'tan uyarlanmıştır. Kullanılabilir: http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/491/ [Erişim tarihi: 2 Ekim 2016].

146 This example has been adapted from Idris, J. (2006). Contemporary Physicists and God’s Existence (part 2 of 3): A Series of Causes. Available at: http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/491/ [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

147 Idris, J. (2006). Contemporary Physicists and God's Existence (part 2 of 3): A Series of Causes. Mevcut: http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/491/ [Erişim tarihi: 2

147 Idris, J. (2006). Contemporary Physicists and God’s Existence (part 2 of 3): A Series of Causes. Available at: http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/491/ [Accessed 2

[2 Ekim 2016 tarihinde erişildi].

nd October 2016].

148 Goodman, L. E. (1971)'de alıntılanmıştır. Ghazali's Argument From Creation (I). International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2(1), 83.

148 Cited in Goodman, L. E. (1971). Ghazali's Argument From Creation (I). International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2(1), 83.

Flew, A. (2007). There is a God: How the World's Most Notorious Atheist Changed His Mind. New York: HarperOne. 2007, s. 165.

149Flew, A. (2007). There is a God: How the World's Most Notorious Atheist Changed His Mind. New York: HarperOne. 2007, p. 165.

150 Buhari tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

150 Narrated by Bukhari.

151 Al-Bayhaqi, A. (2006). Kitab al-Asma was-Sifat'ta alıntılanmıştır. Cilt 2, s. 270.

151 Cited in Al-Bayhaqi, A. (2006). Kitab al-Asma was-Sifat. Vol 2, p. 270.

152 Kur'an, Sure 112 (İhlas), Ayet 2 ve 3.

152 The Qur’an, Chapter 112, Verses 2 and 3.

153 Lennox, J. C. (2009). God’s Undertaker: Has Science Buried God? Oxford: Lion Books, s. 183.

153 Lennox, J. C. (2009). God’s Undertaker: Has Science Buried God? Oxford: Lion Books, p. 183.

154 Hoover, J. (2004). Perpetual Creativity in the Perfection of God: Ibn Taymiyya's Hadith Commentary on God's Creation of this World. Journal of Islamic Studies 15(3), 296.

154 Hoover, J. (2004). Perpetual Creativity in the Perfection of God: Ibn Taymiyya’s Hadith Commentary on God's Creation of this World. Journal of Islamic Studies 15(3), 296.

155 Kur'an, Bölüm 42, Ayet 11.

155 The Qur’an, Chapter 42, Verse 11.

156 Kur'an, Mücadele Suresi, Âyet 7.

156 The Qur’an, Chapter 58, Verse 7.

Bu, gözlemlenebilir evrendeki tahmini yıldız sayısında bulunan hidrojen atomlarının sayısına dayanan bir tahmindir. Diğer atomlar da dahil edildiğinde bu sayı daha yüksektir.

157 This is an estimate based on the number of hydrogen atoms that are contained in the estimated total number of stars in the observable universe. The number is higher if other atoms are included.

158 Kur'an, Nur Suresi, Ayet 45.

158 The Qur’an, Chapter 24, Verse 45.

159 Al-Tahawi. (2007). The Creed of Imam Al-Tahawi. Translated from Arabic, Introduced and Annotated by Hamza Yusuf. California: Zaytuna Institute, p. 50.

159 Al-Tahawi. (2007). The Creed of Imam Al-Tahawi. Translated from Arabic, Introduced and Annotated by Hamza Yusuf. California: Zaytuna Institute, p. 50.

160 Kur'an, Bakara Suresi, Ayet 20.

160 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 20.

161 Al-Kurtubi, M. (2006). Al-Jami' li Ahkam al-Qur'an. Düzenleyenler: Dr. Abdullah Al-Turki ve Muhammed 'Arkasusi. Beyrut: Mu'essesetu'r-Risale. Cilt 1, s. 338-9.

161 Al-Qurtubi, M. (2006). Al-Jaami’ al-Ahkaam al-Qur’an. Edited by Dr. Adullah Al-Turki and Muhammad ‘Arqasusi. Beirut: Mu’assasa al-Risalah. Vol 1, pp. 338-9.

162 Craig, W. L.'in The Coherence of Theism - part 2 adlı eserinden ilham alınarak ve uyarlanarak hazırlanmıştır. Erişim: http://www.bethinking.org/god/the-coherence-of-theism/part-2 [Erişim tarihi: 13 Kasım 2016].

162 Inspired and adapted from Craig, W. L. The coherence of Theism - part 2. Available at: http://www.bethinking.org/god/the-coherence-of-theism/part-2 [Accessed 13th November 2016].

Swinburne, R. (2004). The Existence of God. 2nd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, s. 52-72.

163 Swinburne, R. (2004). The Existence of God. 2nd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 52-72.

164 Kur'an, Hûd Suresi, Ayet 107.

164 The Qur’an, Chapter 11, Verse 107.

165 Al-Gazali, M. (2005). İhyau Ulumi'd-Din. Beyrut: Dar İbn Hazm, s. 107.

165 Al-Ghazali, M. (2005). Ihyaa ‘Ulum al-Deen. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm, p. 107.

Rizvi, A. (2016). The Atheist Muslim. New York: St. Martin’s Press, s. 127.

166 Rizvi, A. (2016). The Atheist Muslim. New York: St. Martin’s Press, p. 127.

167 Bu itirazın cevabı, Craig, W.L. #148 Causation and Spacetime'dan esinlenilerek ve uyarlanarak hazırlanmıştır. Erişim adresi: https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/causation-and-spacetime/ [Erişim tarihi: 27 Eylül 2019].

167 The answer to this objection has been inspired by and adapted from Craig, W.L. #148 Causation and Spacetime. Available at: https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/causation-and-spacetime/ [Accessed 27th September 2019].

168 Huemer, H ve Kovitz, B. (2003). Causation as Simultaneous and Continuous, The Philosophical Quarterly, 53 (213), 556.

168 Huemer, H and Kovitz, B. (2003). Causation as Simultaneous and Continuous, The Philosophical Quarterly, 53 (213), 556.

Bu örnek Immanuel Kant'tan uyarlanmıştır. Bkz. Kant, I. (1965) Critique of Pure Reason. N. Kemp Smith tarafından çevrilmiştir. New York: St Martin's Press, A203.

169 This is example is adapted from Immanuel Kant. See Kant, I. (1965) Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by N. Kemp Smith. New York: St Martin’s Press, A203.

170 Wolchover, N. (2016). Quantum Gravity’s Time Problem. Erişim adresi: https://www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-gravitys-time-problem-20161201/ [Erişim tarihi: 26 Eylül 2019].

170 Wolchover, N. (2016). Quantum Gravity’s Time Problem. Available at: https://www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-gravitys-time-problem-20161201/ [Accessed 26th September 2019].

171 Craig, W. ve Sinclair, D. (2009)'dan uyarlanmıştır. The Kalam Cosmological Argument. In: Craig, W. L. ve Moreland, J. P. The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, s. 196.

171 Adapted from Craig, W. and Sinclair, D. (2009). The Kalam Cosmological Argument. In: Craig, W. L. and Moreland, J. P. The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 196.

Wolchover, N. (2019). Physicists Debate Hawking’s Idea That the Universe Had No Beginning. Available at: https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-debate-hawkings-idea-that-the-universe-had-no-beginning-20190606/ [Accessed 26th September 2019].

172 Wolchover, N. (2019). Physicists Debate Hawking’s Idea That the Universe Had No Beginning. Available at: https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-debate-hawkings-idea-that-the-universe-had-no-beginning-20190606/ [Accessed 26th September 2019].

173 Randhawa, S. (2011). The Kalam Cosmological Argument and the Problem of Divine Creative Agency and Purpose. Draft version. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/29016615/The_Kal%C4%81m_Cosmological_Argument_ and_the_Problem_of_Divine_Creative_Agency_and_Purpose [Accessed 22nd October 2016].

173 Randhawa, S. (2011). The Kalam Cosmological Argument and the Problem of Divine Creative Agency and Purpose. Draft version. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/29016615/The_Kal%C4%81m_Cosmological_Argument_ and_the_Problem_of_Divine_Creative_Agency_and_Purpose [Accessed 22nd October 2016].

174 Bu bölümde sunulan argümanın birçok kavramı, İslam ilim geleneğinden ve çağdaş Hristiyan felsefi çalışmalardan uyarlanmış ve bunlardan esinlenmiştir. Bkz. Al-Ghazali, A. (2003). Al-Itiqaad fi Al-Iqtisaad. Beyrut: Al Maktabah Al Sharqiyah; Ibn Sina, A. (1957). Al Ishaarat wa Al-Tanbihaat. Kahire: Dal al Mar'rif; Ibn Sina, A. (1982). Kitaab Al Najaat fi Al Hikmah Al Muntiqiyah wa Al Tabia wa Ilahiyah. Beyrut: Dar Al Afaaq; Taymiyyah, I. (2009). Sharh Al Ishbahaniyah. 1. Baskı, Riyad: Maktabah Dar Al-Minhaaj; Craig, W. L. (2011). Contingency Argument for God. Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=A7CE655E55212940. [Erişim tarihi: 20 Ekim 2019].

174 Many concepts of the argument presented in this chapter have been adapted from and inspired by the Islamic scholarly tradition and contemporary Christian philosophical work. See Al-Ghazali, A. (2003). Al-Itiqaad fi Al-Iqtisaad. Beirut: Al Maktabah Al Sharqiyah; Ibn Sina, A. (1957). Al Ishaarat wa Al-Tanbihaat. Cairo: Dal al Mar’rif; Ibn Sina, A. (1982). Kitaab Al Najaat fi Al Hikmah Al Muntiqiyah wa Al Tabia wa Ilahiyah. Beirut: Dar Al Afaaq; Taymiyyah, I. (2009). Sharh Al Ishbahaniyah. 1st Edition, Riyadh: Maktabah Dar Al-Minhaaj; Craig, W. L. (2011). Contingency Argument for God. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=A7CE655E55212940. [Accessed 20th October 2019].

Zorunluluk konusunda derinlemesine bir tartışma için lütfen bkz. Pruss, R. ve Rasmussen, J. L. (2018). Necessary Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 11-32.

175 For an in-depth discussion on necessity please see Pruss, R. and Rasmussen, J. L. (2018). Necessary Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 11-32.

Bu bölüm, Craig, W. L. (2011). Contingency Argument for God - Part 4 - William Lane Craig adlı çalışmadan esinlenilmiş ve uyarlanmıştır.

176 This section is inspired by adapted from Craig, W. L. (2011). Contingency Argument for God - Part 4 - William Lane Craig.

Mevcut: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lb275fbEpic [Erişim tarihi: 20 Ekim 2019].

Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lb275fbEpic [Accessed 20th October 2019].

177 Analoji, Wainwright, W. J. (1988). Philosophy of Religion. 2. Baskı. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing'den uyarlanmıştır.

177 Analogy adapted from Wainwright, W. J. (1988). Philosophy of Religion. 2nd . Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.

178 Kur'an, Âl-i İmrân Suresi, Ayet 97.

178 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 97.

179 Kur'an, Fâtır suresi, 15. âyet.

179 The Qur’an, Chapter 35, Verse 15.

180 Ibn Kathir, I. (1999). Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Adheem. Düzenleyen: Saami As-Salaama. 2

180 Ibn Kathir, I. (1999). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Adheem. Edited by Saami As-Salaama. 2

nd Edition. Riyad: Dar Tayiba. Cilt 6, s. 541. 181 Hossein, S. (1993). An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines. Albany: State University of New York Press, ss. 197-200.

nd Edition. Riyadh: Dar Tayiba. Vol 6, p. 541. 181 Hossein, S. (1993). An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 197-200.

182 Gazzâlî, M. (1964). Fadâʾihü'l-Bâtiniyye. Abdurrahman Bedevî tarafından neşredilmiştir. Kuveyt: Muassesetü Dâru'l-Kütüb es-Sekafiyye, s. 82.

182 Al-Ghazali, M. (1964). Fada’ih al-Batiniyya. Edited by Abdurahman Badawi. Kuwait: Muasassa Dar al-Kutub al-Thiqafa, p. 82.

183 Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics. 3rd Edition. Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway Books, s. 109.

183 Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics. 3rd Edition. Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway Books, p. 109.

184 Godwin, S. J. (tarih yok). Russell/Copleston radyo tartışmasının transkripti. Erişim adresi: http://www.scandalon.co.uk/philosophy/cosmological_radio.htm [Erişim tarihi: 4 Ekim 2016].

184 Godwin, S. J. (no date). Transcript of the Russell/Copleston radio debate. Available at: http://www.scandalon.co.uk/philosophy/cosmological_radio.htm [Accessed 4th October 2016].

185 Craig, W. L. (2011)'den uyarlanmıştır. Contingency Argument for God - Part 2 - William Lane Craig. Erişim adresi:

185 Adapted from Craig, W. L. (2011). Contingency Argument for God - Part 2 - William Lane Craig. Available at:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTCbQnVlYSo& [20 Ekim 2019'da erişildi].

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTCbQnVlYSo& [Accessed 20th October 2019].

Bu itirazın cevabının bazı kısımları, Rasmussen, J. (2017). 8 best objections to the "contingency" argument (episode 10 of 20) adlı çalışmadan uyarlanmış ve ondan esinlenmiştir. Erişim: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asCqyTCaoNM. [Erişim tarihi: 20 Ekim 2019].

186Parts of the answer to this objection has been adapted from and inspired by Rasmussen, J. (2017). 8 best objections to the "contingency" argument (episode 10 of 20). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asCqyTCaoNM. [Accessed 20th October 2019].

187Pruss, R. ve Rasmussen, J. L. (2018). Necessary Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

187Pruss, R. and Rasmussen, J. L. (2018). Necessary Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

188 Hijab, M. (2019). Kalam Cosmological Arguments. Independently Published.

188 Hijab, M. (2019). Kalam Cosmological Arguments. Independently Published.

189 Eaton, G. (2001). Remembering God: Reflections on Islam. Lahore: Suhail Academy, pp. 18-19.

189 Eaton, G. (2001). Remembering God: Reflections on Islam. Lahore: Suhail Academy, pp. 18-19.

190 New Scientist: The Collection. The Big Questions. Cilt I, Sayı I, s. 51.

190 New Scientist: The Collection. The Big Questions. Vol I, Issue I, p. 51.

191 Koch, C. (2012). Consciousness: Confessions of a Romantic Reductionist. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, s. 23-24.

191 Koch, C. (2012). Consciousness: Confessions of a Romantic Reductionist. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 23-24.

192 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 5.

192 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 5.

193 Alter, T. (2014). Hard Problem of Consciousness. In: Bayne, T., Cleeremans, A., and Wilken, P. (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 340.

193 Alter, T. (2014). Hard Problem of Consciousness. In: Bayne, T., Cleeremans, A., and Wilken, P. (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 340.

194 Aşağıdaki beş madde Chalmers, D. (2010) The Character of Consciousness, ss. 11-13'ten alınmış ve uyarlanmıştır.

194 The following 5 points have been taken and adapted from Chalmers, D. (2010) The Character of Consciousness, pp. 11-13.

195 Discover Magazine. (2016). What is Consciousness? | DiscoverMagazine.com. Available at: http://discovermagazine.com/1992/nov/whatisconsciousn149. [Accessed 1st October 2016].

195 Discover Magazine. (2016). What is Consciousness? | DiscoverMagazine.com. Available at: http://discovermagazine.com/1992/nov/whatisconsciousn149. [Accessed 1st October 2016].

196 Revonsuo, A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, s. 202.

196 Revonsuo. A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, p. 202.

197 Manzoti, R. and Moderato, P. (2014). Neuroscience: Dualism in Disguise. In: Lavazza, A. and Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, p. 82.

197 Manzoti, R. and Moderato, P. (2014). Neuroscience: Dualism in Disguise. In: Lavazza, A. and Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, p. 82.

198 Age.

198 Ibid.

199 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, s. 105.

199 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, p. 105.

200 Levine, J. (2011). The Explanatory Gap. In: Bayne, T., Cleeremans, A., and Wilken, P. (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 280.

200 Levine, J. (2011). The Explanatory Gap. In: Bayne, T., Cleeremans, A., and Wilken, P. (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 280.

201 Stoljar, D. (2016). “Physicalism”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Available at: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/physicalism [Accessed 4th October 2016].

201 Stoljar, D. (2016). “Physicalism”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Available at: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/physicalism [Accessed 4th October 2016].

202 Jackson, F. (1986). What Mary Didn't Know. The Journal of Philosophy, 83, 5, pp. 291-295.

202 Jackson, F. (1986). What Mary Didn't Know. The Journal of Philosophy, 83, 5, pp. 291-295.

203 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, s. 108.

203 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, p. 108.

204 Aynı eser, s. 109.

204 Ibid, p. 109.

205 Loar, Brian. (1997). "Phenomenal Consciousness", in The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical Debates. ed. by Ned Block et al. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

205 Loar, Brian. (1997). “Phenomenal Consciousness”, in The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical Debates. ed. by Ned Block et al. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

206 Yukarıdaki tartışma, bir Yüksek Lisans (Felsefe) programı kapsamında verilen ilgili ders ve seminer tartışmasından alınmış ve uyarlanmıştır. Patterson, S. (2016). Week 6: Responses to the Modal and Knowledge Arguments. Lecture notes distributed in Philosophy of Mind at Birkbeck College, University of London on 16th November 2016.

206 The above discussion has been taken and adapted from the relevant lecture and seminar discussion that was held during my postgraduate degree (Masters in Philosophy). Patterson, S. (2016). Week 6: Responses to the Modal and Knowledge Arguments. Lecture notes distributed in Philosophy of Mind at Birkbeck College, University of London on 16th November 2016.

207 Tye, Michael. (2009). Consciousness Revisited: Materialism without Phenomenal Concepts. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, s. 49-51.

207 Tye, Michael. (2009). Consciousness Revisited: Materialism without Phenomenal Concepts. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 49-51.

208 Demircioglu, Erhan. (2013). “Physicalism and Phenomenal Concepts.” Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, 165, 1.

208 Demircioglu, Erhan. (2013). “Physicalism and Phenomenal Concepts.” Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, 165, 1.

209 Polcyn, Karol. (2007) "Brian Loar on Physicalism and Phenomenal Concepts." Diametros, 11, pp. 10-39.

209 Polcyn, Karol. (2007) “Brian Loar on Physicalism and Phenomenal Concepts.” Diametros, 11, pp. 10-39.

210 Chalmers, D. (2007). Phenomenal Consciousness and the Explanatory Gap. In: Alter, T. and Walter, S. (ed). Phenomenal Concepts and Phenomenal Knowledge: New Essays on Consciousness and Physicalism. New York: Oxford University Press. A version of this essay can be found online at: http://consc.net/papers/pceg.pdf [Accessed 21st November 2016].

210 Chalmers, D. (2007). Phenomenal Consciousness and the Explanatory Gap. In: Alter, T. and Walter, S. (ed). Phenomenal Concepts and Phenomenal Knowledge: New Essays on Consciousness and Physicalism. New York: Oxford University Press. A version of this essay can be found online at: http://consc.net/papers/pceg.pdf [Accessed 21st November 2016].

211 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, s. 111.

211 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, p. 111.

212 Churchland, P. (1988). Matter and Consciousness: A Contemporary Introduction to the Philosophy of the Mind. Cambridge: MIT Press, s. 43-39.

212 Churchland, P. (1988). Matter and Consciousness: A Contemporary Introduction to the Philosophy of the Mind. Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 43-39.

213 Age.

213 Ibid.

214 Age.

214 Ibid.

215 Nave, Carl. HyperPhysics. Kinetic Theory. Accessed August 30, 2017. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Kinetic/kinthe.html.

215 Nave, Carl. HyperPhysics. Kinetic Theory. Accessed August 30, 2017. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Kinetic/kinthe.html.

216 Jackson, Frank, Pettit, Philip ve Smith, Michael, Mind, Morality and Explanation: Selected Collaborations (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), s. 30.

216 Jackson, Frank, Pettit, Philip and Smith, Michael, Mind, Morality and Explanation: Selected Collaborations (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 30.

217 Age., 31.

217 Ibid, 31.

218 Age., 30.

218 Ibid, 30.

219 Revonsuo, A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity, ss. 180-181.

219 Revonsuo, A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity, pp. 180-181.

220 Age., s. 21.

220 Ibid, p. 21.

221 Age., s. 22.

221 Ibid, p. 22.

222 Aynı eser, s. 24.

222 Ibid, p. 24.

223 Lund, D. (2014) Materialism, Dualism and the Conscious Self. In: Lavazza, A. and Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, s. 57.

223 Lund, D. (2014) Materialism, Dualism and the Conscious Self. In: Lavazza, A. and Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, p. 57.

224 Solomon, R. (2005). Introducing Philosophy: A Text with Integrated Readings. 8

224 Solomon, R. (2005). Introducing Philosophy: A Text with Integrated Readings. 8

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 416. sayfa.

th Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 416.

225 Block, N. (1980). Troubles with Functionalism. In: Block, N. (ed.). Readings in the Philosophy of Psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Vol 1, pp. 268-205. 226 Van Gulick, R. (2008). Functionalism and Qualia. In: Velmans, M. and Schneider, S. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 381.

225 Block, N. (1980). Troubles with Functionalism. In: Block, N. (ed.). Readings in the Philosophy of Psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Vol 1, pp. 268-205. 226 Van Gulick, R. (2008). Functionalism and Qualia. In: Velmans, M. and Schneider, S. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 381.

227 Revonsuo, A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity, s. 39.

227 Revonsuo, A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity, p. 39.

228 Age., s. 26.

228 Ibid, p. 26.

229 Age., s. 29-30.

229 Ibid, pp. 29-30.

230 Aynı eser, s. 30.

230 Ibid, p. 30.

231 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. In: Psillos, S. and Curd, M. The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science, ss. 137-138.

231 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. In: Psillos, S. and Curd, M. The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science, pp. 137-138.

232 Eccles, J. C. (1989). Evolution of the Brain, Creation of the Self. Abingdon: Routledge, s. 241.

232 Eccles, J. C. (1989). Evolution of the Brain, Creation of the Self. Abingdon: Routledge, p. 241.

233 Sober, E. (2000). Philosophy of Biology. 2nd Edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, s. 24.

233 Sober, E. (2000). Philosophy of Biology. 2nd Edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, p. 24.

234 Seager, W. ve Allen-Hermanson, S. (2015). “Panpsychism”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2015 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Çevrimiçi olarak şu adreste mevcuttur: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2015/entries/panpsychism/.

234 Seager, W. and Allen-Hermanson, S. (2015). “Panpsychism”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2015 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Available online at: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2015/entries/panpsychism/.

235 Feser, E. (2006). The Philosophy of Mind. Oxford: OneWorld, s. 138.

235 Feser, E. (2006). The Philosophy of Mind. Oxford: OneWorld, p. 138.

236 Moreland, J. P. (2008). Consciousness and the Existence of God: A Theistic Argument. Abingdon: Routledge, s. 35.

236 Moreland, J. P. (2008). Consciousness and the Existence of God: A Theistic Argument. Abingdon: Routledge, p. 35.

237 Age., s. 192.

237 Ibid, p. 192.

238 Taliaferro, C. (2006). Naturalism and the Mind. In: Craig, W. L. and. Moreland, J. P. (ed.). Naturalism: A Critical Analysis. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 148-9.

238 Taliaferro, C. (2006). Naturalism and the Mind. In: Craig, W. L. and. Moreland, J. P. (ed.). Naturalism: A Critical Analysis. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 148-9.

239 Aynı eser, s. 150.

239 Ibid p. 150.

240 Kur'an, Bakara Suresi, Ayet 255.

240 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 255.

241 Kur'an, Mülk Suresi, Ayet 14.

241 The Qur’an, Chapter 67, Verse 14.

242 Taliaferro, C. (2014). The Promise and Sensibility of Integrative Dualism. In: Lavazza, A. and Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 202-203.

242 Taliaferro, C. (2014). The Promise and Sensibility of Integrative Dualism. In: Lavazza, A. and Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 202-203.

243 Kur'an, 17. Sure, 85. Ayet.

243 The Qur’an, Chapter 17, Verse 85.

244 Kur'an, Rûm Suresi, Ayet 8.

244 The Qur’an, Chapter 30, Verse 8.

245 Collins, R. (2002). God, Design and Fine-Tuning'den uyarlanmış benzetme. Uyarlanmış sürüm. Erişim adresi: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Fine-tuning/Revised%20Version%20of%20Fine-tuning%20for%20anthology.doc [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2016] 246 Kur'an, Rahman suresi, Ayet 5-7.

245 Analogy adapted from Collins, R. (2002). God, Design and Fine-Tuning. Adapted version. Available at: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Fine-tuning/Revised%20Version%20of%20Fine-tuning%20for%20anthology.doc [Accessed 24th October 2016] 246 The Qur’an, Chapter 55, Verses 5 to 7.

247 Kur'an, Âl-i İmrân Suresi, Ayet 190.

247 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 190.

248 Kur'an, Nahl Suresi, Ayet 12.

248 The Qur’an, Chapter 16, Verse 12.

249 Tibawi, A.L. (ed. and tr.). (1965). Al-Risala al-Qudsiyya (The Jerusalem Epistle) “Al-Ghazali’s Tract on Dogmatic Theology”. In: The Islamic Quarterly, 9:3–4 (1965), 3-4.

249 Tibawi, A.L. (ed. and tr.). (1965). Al-Risala al-Qudsiyya (The Jerusalem Epistle) “Al-Ghazali’s Tract on Dogmatic Theology”. In: The Islamic Quarterly, 9:3–4 (1965), 3-4.

250 Ibn Abi Al-‘Izz. (2000). Commentary on the Creed of At-Tahawi. Translated by Muhammad ‘Abdul-Haqq Ansari. Riyadh: Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences in America, p. 9 Bu, kaynakça girişinin Türkçe çevirisidir. Ancak bu metin zaten bir kaynakça kaydı olduğu için, yazar, eser, çevirmen, yayıncı ve sayfa bilgilerini olduğu gibi koruyarak çevirdim: 250 İbn Ebi’l-İz. (2000). Commentary on the Creed of At-Tahawi [Et-Tahâvî’nin Akîdesi Üzerine Şerh]. Çeviren: Muhammed Abdülhak Ensari. Riyad: Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences in America, s. 9

250 Ibn Abi Al-‘Izz. (2000). Commentary on the Creed of At-Tahawi. Translated by Muhammad ‘Abdul-Haqq Ansari. Riyadh: Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences in America, p. 9

251 Collins, R. (2009). The Teleological Argument. In: Craig, W. L. and Moreland, J. P. The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, s. 212.

251 Collins, R. (2009). The Teleological Argument. In: Craig, W. L. and Moreland, J. P. The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 212.

252 Age.

252 Ibid.

253 John Leslie. (2001). Infinite Minds: A Philosophical Cosmology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, s. 205.

253 John Leslie. (2001). Infinite Minds: A Philosophical Cosmology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 205.

254 Collins, R. The Teleological Argument, s. 212.

254 Collins, R. The Teleological Argument, p. 212.

255 Jammer, M. (1999) tarafından alıntılanmıştır. Einstein and Religion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, s. 150.

255 Cited in Jammer, M. (1999). Einstein and Religion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p. 150.

256 Dawkins, R. (1999). Unweaving the Rainbow. London: Penguin, s. 4.

256 Dawkins, R. (1999). Unweaving the Rainbow. London: Penguin, p. 4.

257 Ward, P. D. ve Brownlee, D. (2004). Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe. New York, NY: Copernicus Books, s. 16.

257 Ward, P. D. and Brownlee, D. (2004). Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe. New York, NY: Copernicus Books, p. 16.

258 Age., ss. 221-222.

258 Ibid, pp. 221-222.

259 ‘No Jupiter, no advanced life?’ - Evolution May Be Impossible in Star Systems without a Giant Planet. (2012). Available at: http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2012/11/would-advanced-life-be impossible-in-star-systems-without-a-jupiter-.html [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

259 ‘No Jupiter, no advanced life? ’ - Evolution May Be Impossible in Star Systems without a Giant Planet. (2012). Available at: http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2012/11/would-advanced-life-be impossible-in-star-systems-without-a-jupiter-.html [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

260 Rasio, F.A. ve E.B. Ford. (1996). Dynamical instabilities and the formation of extrasolar planetary systems. Science, 274, s. 954-956.

260 Rasio, F.A. and E.B. Ford. (1996). Dynamical instabilities and the formation of extrasolar planetary systems. Science, 274, pp. 954-956.

261 Ward, P. D. ve Brownlee, D. (2004). Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe. New York, NY: Copernicus Books, s. 238 – 239.

261 Ward, P. D. and Brownlee, D. (2004). Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe. New York, NY: Copernicus Books, pp. 238 – 239.

262 a.g.e., s. 227.

262 Ibid, p. 227.

263 Age., s. 223.

263 Ibid, p. 223.

Aynı eser, a.g.e.

264 Ibid.

265 Esinlenilen ve uyarlanan kaynak: Collins, R. The Fine-Tuning Design Argument. PowerPoint Presentation. Erişim adresi: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Fine tuning/Fine-tuning%20powerpoint%20final%20version%2010-3-08.ppt [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2016].

265 Inspired by and adapted from Collins, R. The Fine-Tuning Design Argument. PowerPoint Presentation. Available at: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Fine tuning/Fine-tuning%20powerpoint%20final%20version%2010-3-08.ppt [Accessed 24th October 2016].

266 Age.

266 Ibid.

267 Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics, s. 161. 268 Davies, P. (1993). The Mind of God: Science and the Search for Ultimate Meaning. London: Penguin, s. 169.

267 Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics, p. 161. 268 Davies, P. (1993). The Mind of God: Science and the Search for Ultimate Meaning. London: Penguin, p. 169.

269 Alıntı: Flew, A. (2007) There is a God, s.119.

269 Cited in Flew, A. (2007) There is a God, p.119.

Age, a.g.e.

270 Ibid.

Barnes, L. A. (2011). The Fine-Tuning of the Universe for Intelligent Life. Sydney Institute for Astronomy. Available at: http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1112/1112.4647v1.pdf [Accessed 5th October 2016].

271 Barnes, L. A. (2011). The Fine-Tuning of the Universe for Intelligent Life. Sydney Institute for Astronomy. Available at: http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1112/1112.4647v1.pdf [Accessed 5th October 2016].

272 Collins, R. (2009)'dan uyarlanmıştır. The Teleological Argument, s. 262-265.

272 Adapted from Collins, R. (2009). The Teleological Argument, pp. 262-265.

273 Bu itirazlara yanıt verme konusundaki katkısı için Ebu Hureyre'ye minnettarım. 274 Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion, s. 158.

273 I am grateful to Abu Hurayra for his contribution in responding to these objections. 274 Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion, p. 158.

275 Bu iki nokta, Profesör William Lane Craig'in bu konudaki incelemesinden uyarlanmıştır. Craig, W. L. (2009). Dawkins’s Delusion. In: Copan, P. and Craig, W. L. (ed.). Contending with Christianity’s Critics: Answering New Atheists & Other Objectors. Nashville, Tennessee: B & H Publishing Group, s. 4.

275 Both points have been adapted from Professor William Lane Craig’s treatment on the issue. Craig, W. L. (2009). Dawkins’s Delusion. In: Copan, P. and Craig, W. L. (ed.). Contending with Christianity’s Critics: Answering New Atheists & Other Objectors. Nashville, Tennessee: B & H Publishing Group, p. 4.

276 Kur'an, 112. Sure, 1-4. Ayetler

276 The Qur’an, Chapter 112, Verses 1 to 4.

277 Flew, A. (2007). There is a God, s. 111.

277 Flew, A. (2007). There is a God, p. 111.

278 Collins, R. (2002). God, Design and Fine-Tuning. Adapted version. Available at: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Fine-tuning/Revised%20Version%20of%20Fine-tuning%20for%20anthology.doc [Accessed 24th October 2016].

278 Collins, R. (2002). God, Design and Fine-Tuning. Adapted version. Available at: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Fine-tuning/Revised%20Version%20of%20Fine-tuning%20for%20anthology.doc [Accessed 24th October 2016].

279 Collins, R. (2009) The Teleological Argument'ten uyarlanmıştır, s. 276.

279 Adapted from Collins, R. (2009) The Teleological Argument, p. 276.

Aynı eser, aynı yer.

280 Ibid.

281 Markham, I. S. (2010). Against Atheism: Why Dawkins, Hitchens, and Harris are Fundamentally Wrong. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, s. 34.

281 Markham, I. S. (2010). Against Atheism: Why Dawkins, Hitchens, and Harris are Fundamentally Wrong. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 34.

282 Pölzer, Thomas. Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences. New York: Routledge, 2018, s. 2 - 4.

282 Pölzer, Thomas. Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences. New York: Routledge, 2018, pp. 2 - 4.

283 Bu bölümde sunulan argümanlar, fikirlerin bazıları da dahil olmak üzere, Craig, W. L. tarafından yazılmış eserlerden esinlenilmiş ve uyarlanmıştır. Can We Be Good Without God? Erişim: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/can-we-be-good-without-god [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2016]; Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics. Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway Books, ss. 172-183.

283 The arguments presented in this chapter, including some of the ideas, have been inspired by and adapted from Craig, W. L. Can We Be Good Without God? Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/can-we-be-good-without-god [Accessed 24th October 2016]; Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics Wheaton. Illinois: Crossway Books, pp. 172-183.

Aynı eser, s. 284.

284 Ibid.

285 Kur'an, Tur Suresi, Ayet 28.

285 The Qur’an, Chapter 52, Verse 28.

286 Kur'an, Yedinci Sure, Ayet 28.

286 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 28.

287 Mackie, J. L. (1990). Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. London: Penguin. 1990, s. 15.

287 Mackie, J. L. (1990). Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. London: Penguin. 1990, p. 15.

288 Akhtar, S. (2008). The Qur’an and the Secular Mind. Abingdon: Routledge, s.99.

288 Akhtar, S. (2008). The Qur’an and the Secular Mind. Abingdon: Routledge, p.99.

289 Kur'an, Bakara Suresi, Ayet 163.

289 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 163.

290 Kur'an, 59. Sûre, 22-24. Ayetler

290 The Qur’an, Chapter 59, Verses 22 to 24.

291 Darwin, C. (1874). The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. 2nd Edition, s. 99. Erişim adresi: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2300 [Erişim tarihi: 4 Ekim 2016].

291 Darwin, C. (1874). The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. 2nd Edition, p. 99. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2300 [Accessed 4th October 2016].

292 National Geographic. (1996). Sharks in Love. Erişim adresi: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/shark_nurse_mating [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2016].

292 National Geographic. (1996). Sharks in Love. Available at: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/shark_nurse_mating [Accessed 24th October 2016].

293 Linville, M. D. (2009)'da alıntılanmıştır. The Moral Argument. İçinde: Craig, W. L. ve Moreland, J. P. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, s. 400.

293 Cited in Linville, M. D. (2009). The Moral Argument. In: Craig, W. L. and Moreland, J. P. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 400.

294 Kur'an, Enbiya Suresi, Ayet 22.

294 The Qur’an, Chapter 21, Verse 22.

295 Al-Mahalli, J. and As-Suyuti, J. (2007). Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Aisha Bewley tarafından çevrilmiştir. London: Dar Al Taqwa, s. 690; Mahali, J. and As-Suyuti J. (2001) Tafsir al Jalalayn. 3. Baskı. Kahire: Dar al-Hadith, s. 422. Çevrimiçi olarak şu adresten erişilebilir: https://ia800205.us.archive.org/1/items/FP158160/158160.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 1 Ekim 2016].

295 Al-Mahalli, J. and As-Suyuti, J. (2007). Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Translated by Aisha Bewley. London: Dar Al Taqwa, p. 690; Mahali, J. and As-Suyuti J. (2001) Tafsir al Jalalayn. 3rd Edition. Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, p. 422. You can access a copy online at: https://ia800205.us.archive.org/1/items/FP158160/158160.pdf [Accessed 1st October 2016].

296 Averroes. (2001). Faith and Reason in Islam. Translated with footnotes, index and bibliography by Ibrahim Y. Najjar. Oxford: One World, s. 40.

296 Avveroes. (2001). Faith and Reason in Islam. Translated with footnotes, index and bibliography by Ibrahim Y. Najjar. Oxford: One World, p. 40.

297 Kur'an, Yedinci Sure, 28. Ayet

297 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 28.

298. Kur'an'ın İlahi niteliği hakkında daha fazla bilgi için lütfen şunları okuyun: Khan, N. A. ve Randhawa, S. (2016). Divine Speech: Exploring the Qur'an as Literature. Texas: Bayyinah Institute ve Zakariya, A. (2015). The Eternal Challenge: A Journey Through The Miraculous Qur'an. London: One Reason.

298For more on the Divine nature of the Qur’an, please read: Khan, N. A. and Randhawa, S. (2016). Divine Speech: Exploring the Qur’an as Literature. Texas: Bayyinah Institute and Zakariya, A. (2015). The Eternal Challenge: A Journey Through The Miraculous Qur’an. London: One Reason.

299 Kur'an, Ankebut Suresi, Ayet 46.

299 The Qur’an, Chapter 29, Verse 46.

Tirmizî rivayet etmiştir.

300 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

301 Sorun-u şer ve ıstırap argümanı birçok farklı biçimde ifade edilmiştir. Bazı argümanlar iyi, merhametli, sevgi dolu ve şefkatli sözcüklerini birbirinin yerine kullanır. Sözcük kullanımındaki bu çeşitliliğe rağmen argüman aynı kalır. "İyi" sözcüğü yerine merhametli, sevgi dolu, şefkatli vb. terimler de kullanılabilir. Şer sorunu, Tanrı'nın geleneksel kavramının, Tanrı'nın şer ve ıstırabın var olmasını istemediğini ima edecek bir sıfat içermesi gerektiğini varsayar. Dolayısıyla merhametli, sevgi dolu ve şefkatli gibi alternatif sözcükleri kullanmak argümanı etkilemez. 302 The Problem of Evil, University of Notre Dame slides. Erişim: https://www3.nd.edu/~dpattill/Courses/Intro%20Fall%2015/Slides/Problem%20of% 20Evil%20Slides.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 1 Ekim 2020].

301 The problem of evil and suffering argument has been expressed in a number of different ways. Some of the arguments use the words good, merciful, loving or kind interchangeably. Despite the varying use of words, the argument remains the same. Instead of using the word good, terms such as merciful, loving, kind, etc., can also be used. The problem of evil assumes that the traditional concept of God must include an attribute that would imply God does not want evil and suffering to exist. Hence, using alternative words such as merciful, loving and kind do not affect the argument. 302 The Problem of Evil, University of Notre Damme slides. Available at: https://www3.nd.edu/~dpattill/Courses/Intro%20Fall%2015/Slides/Problem%20of% 20Evil%20Slides.pdf [Accessed 1st October 2020].

303 Ibid.

303 Ibid.

Age, a.g.e.

304 Ibid.

İbid.

305 Ibid.

Age: a.g.e.

306 Ibid.

307 Bu varsayım, Profesör William Lane Craig'in kötülük problemi üzerine yaptığı incelemeden uyarlanmıştır. Moreland, J. P. ve Craig, W. L. (2003). Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview. Downers Grove, Ill, InterVarsity Press. Bkz. 27. bölüm.

307 This assumption has been adapted from Professor William Lane Craig’s treatment on the problem of evil. Moreland, J. P. and Craig, W. L. (2003). Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview. Downers Grove, Ill, InterVarsity Press. See chapter 27.

308 Shaha, A. (2012). The Young Atheist’s Handbook, s. 51.

308 Shaha, A. (2012). The Young Atheist’s Handbook, p. 51.

309 Bu kıssanın bu bölümü Allah'ın rahmetini göstermektedir. Tüm çocuklar, inançlarına ve davranışlarına bakılmaksızın, sonsuz mutluluk olan cennete girerler. Bu nedenle, Allah'ın adamı çocuğu öldürmeye ilham etmesi, rahmet ve merhamet çerçevesinde anlaşılmalıdır.

309 This part of the story shows God’s mercy. All children enter paradise—which is eternal bliss—regardless of their beliefs and actions. Therefore, God inspiring the man to kill the boy is to be understood through the lens of mercy and compassion.

310 Kur'an, Kehf Suresi, Âyet 65-82.

310 The Qur’an, Chapter 18, Verses 65 to 82.

311 İbn Kesir, İ. (1999). Tefsîrü'l-Kur'âni'l-Azîm. Cilt 5, s. 181.

311 Ibn Kathir, I. (1999). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Atheem. Vol 5, p. 181.

312 Ibid.

312 Ibid.

313 İbn Teymiyye, A. (2004). Mecmûu'l-Fetâvâ Şeyhu'l-İslâm Ahmed bin Teymiyye. C. 14, s. 266.

313 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (2004). Majmu’ al-Fatawa Shaykhul Islam Ahmad bin Taymiyyah. Vol 14, p. 266.

314 İbn Teymiyye, A. (1986). Minhacü's-Sünne. Düzenleyen: Muhammed Reşad Salim. Riyad: Cami'atü'l-İmam Muhammed bin Suud el-İslamiyye. Cilt 3, s. 142.

314 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (1986). Minhaj al-Sunnah. Edited by Muhammad Rashad Salim. Riyadh: Jami’ah al-Imam Muhammad bin Saud al-Islamiyah. Vol 3, p142.

315 Alıntılandığı yer: Hoover, J. (2007). Ibn Taymiyya’s Theodicy of Perpetual Optimism. Leiden: Brill, s.4.

315 Cited in Hoover, J. (2007). Ibn Taymiyya’s Theodicy of Perpetual Optimism. Leiden: Brill, p.4.

51:56 Cin ile insanı yalnızca bana ibadet etsinler diye yarattım.

316 The Qur’an, Chapter 51, Verse 56.

317 Kur'an, Mülk Suresi, Ayet 2.

317 The Qur’an, Chapter 67, Verse 2.

318 Kur'an, Zümer Suresi, Ayet 7.

318 The Qur’an, Chapter 39, Verse 7.

319 Tirmizî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

319 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

320 Kur'an, Bakara Suresi, Ayet 214.

320 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 214.

321 Kur'an Bakara Suresi, Ayet 286.

321 The Qur’an Chapter 2, Verse 286.

322 Kur'an, Mâide Suresi, Ayet 100.

322 The Qur’an, Chapter 5, Verse 100.

323 Beyhakî'nin Şuabu'l-İman'ı, Hasan el-Basrî'ye kadar uzanan bir senetle rivayet edilmiştir; Hasan el-Basrî bunu Peygamber Muhammed ﷺ'e nispet etmektedir. Âlimler bu nebevî rivayeti hasen derecesinde değerlendirmişlerdir; sahihlik düzeyi iyidir.

323 Al-Bayhaqi’s Shuʿab al-Iman, traced back to Al-Hasan Al-Basri, who ascribes it to the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. The scholars have graded this Prophetic tradition as hasan; its level of authenticity is good.

324 Kur'an, Hadid Suresi, Ayet 20.

324 The Qur’an, Chapter 57, Verse 20.

Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

325 Narrated by Muslim.

Buhârî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

326 Narrated by Bukhari.

327 Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

327 Narrated by Muslim.

328 Buhari tarafından rivayet edilmiştir. 329 İntihar saldırısı düzenlemeye kalkışan veya terörizm faaliyetinde bulunup bunun sonucunda ölen kimse şehit sayılmaz. Bu kötü fiiller İslam'da haramdır.

328 Narrated by Bukhari. 329 Anyone that attempts suicide bombing or engages in terrorism and dies as a result is not considered a martyr. These evil acts are forbidden in Islam.

330 Müslim rivayet etmiştir.

330 Narrated by Muslim.

331 Ahmed tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

331 Narrated by Ahmad.

332 Müslim rivayet etmiştir.

332 Narrated by Muslim.

333 Age.

333 Ibid.

334 Ibid.

334 Ibid.

335 Gauch, H. G, Jr. (2012). Scientific Method in Brief. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, s. 98.

335 Gauch, H. G, Jr. (2012). Scientific Method in Brief. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 98.

336 Farhad, A. (2013). Richard Dawkins - science works bitches! Available at:

336 Farhad, A. (2013). Richard Dawkins - science works bitches! Available at:

https://youtu.be/0OtFSDKrq88?t=73 [Erişim tarihi: 2 Ekim 2016].

https://youtu.be/0OtFSDKrq88?t=73 [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

337 Russell, B. (1935). Religion and Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 8.

337 Russell, B. (1935). Religion and Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 8.

338 Uyarlama: DPMosteller. (2011). Has science made belief in god unreasonable, J. P. Moreland. Erişim adresi: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TU9iiCqHxbE [Erişim tarihi: 2 Ekim 2016].

338 Adapted from DPMosteller. (2011). Has science made belief in god unreasonable, J. P. Moreland. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TU9iiCqHxbE [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

339 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. In: Psillos, S and Curd, M, ed, The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science, pp. 137-138.

339 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. In: Psillos, S and Curd, M, ed, The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science, pp. 137-138.

340 Darwin, C. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. 2nd Edition, s. 99. Erişim adresi: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2300 [Erişim tarihi: 4 Ekim 2016].

340 Darwin, C. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. 2nd Edition, p. 99. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2300 [Accessed 4th October 2016].

341 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Mevcut: https://youtu.be/uSwJuOPG4FI?t=4161 [Erişim tarihi: 18 Ekim 2016] 342 Johnson, R. (2013). Rational Morality: A Science of Right and Wrong. Great Britain: Dangerous Little Books, s. 19-20.

341 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Available at: https://youtu.be/uSwJuOPG4FI?t=4161 [Accessed 18th October 2016] 342 Johnson, R. (2013). Rational Morality: A Science of Right and Wrong. Great Britain: Dangerous Little Books, pp. 19-20.

343 Craig, W.L. (2011). Is Scientism Self-Refuting. Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/is-scientism-self-refuting [Accessed 4th October 2016].

343 Craig, W.L. (2011). Is Scientism Self-Refuting. Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/is-scientism-self-refuting [Accessed 4th October 2016].

344 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority. New York: Oxford University Press, s. 3.

344 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 3.

345 Lackey, J. (2006). Introduction. In: Lackey, J. and Sosa, E. (ed.). The Epistemology of Testimony. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 2. 346 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority, s. 10.

345 Lackey, J. (2006). Introduction. In: Lackey, J. and Sosa, E. (ed.). The Epistemology of Testimony. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 2. 346 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority, p 10.

347 Coady, C. A. (1992). Testimony: A Philosophical Study. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 82.

347 Coady, C. A. (1992). Testimony: A Philosophical Study. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 82.

348 Bkz. Shapiro, J. A. (2011). Evolution: A View from the 21st Century. New Jersey: FT Press; Pigliucci, M. ve Muller, G. B. (ed). (2010). Evolution: The Extended Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; ve Godfrey-Smith, P. (2014). Philosophy of Biology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

348 See Shapiro, J. A. (2011). Evolution: A View from the 21st Century. New Jersey: FT Press; Pigliucci, M. and Muller, G. B. (ed). (2010). Evolution: The Extended Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; and Godfrey-Smith, P. (2014). Philosophy of Biology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

349 Barker, G. ve Kitcher, P. (2013). Philosophy of Science: A New Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2014, s. 17.

349 Barker, G. and Kitcher, P. (2013). Philosophy of Science: A New Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2014, p. 17.

Annas, J. ve Barnes, J. (1994). Sextus Empiricus: Outlines of Scepticism. New York: Cambridge University Press, s. 123.

350 Annas, J. and Barnes, J. (1994). Sextus Empiricus: Outlines of Scepticism. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 123.

351 Hume, D. (2002). Of scepticism with regard to reason. In: Epistemology: Huemer, M, ed, Contemporary Readings. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 298-310. Originally published in Hume, D. (1902) Sceptical doubts concerning the operations of understanding. In: Selby-Bigge, L. A., ed, An enquiry concerning human understanding. In: Enquiries concerning human understanding and concerning the principles of morals, 2nd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 298-310.

351 Hume, D. (2002). Of scepticism with regard to reason. In: Epistemology: Huemer, M, ed, Contemporary Readings. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 298-310. Originally published in Hume, D. (1902) Sceptical doubts concerning the operations of understanding. In: Selby-Bigge, L. A., ed, An enquiry concerning human understanding. In: Enquiries concerning human understanding and concerning the principles of morals, 2nd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 298-310.

352 Age., s. 305.

352 Ibid, p. 305.

353 Age., s. 304-5.

353 Ibid, pp. 304-5.

354 Rosenburg, A. (2012). Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary Introduction. New York: Routledge, s. 182.

354 Rosenburg, A. (2012). Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary Introduction. New York: Routledge, p. 182.

355 Okasha, S. (2002). Philosophy of Science, A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 77.

355 Okasha, S. (2002). Philosophy of Science, A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 77.

356 Stewart, R. B. (2007). Intelligent Design: William A. Dembski & Michael Ruse in Dialogue. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, s.37.

356 Stewart, R. B. (2007). Intelligent Design: William A. Dembski & Michael Ruse in Dialogue. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, p.37.

357 Moreland, J. P. (2009). The Recalcitrant Imago Dei. London: SCM Press, s. 4.

357 Moreland, J. P. (2009). The Recalcitrant Imago Dei. London: SCM Press, p. 4.

358 Todd, Scott. C. (1999). A View from Kansas on that Evolution Debate. Correspondence to Nature. 401 (6752): 423, 30 Sept. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/46661 [Accessed 10th May 2018].

358 Todd, Scott. C. (1999). A View from Kansas on that Evolution Debate. Correspondence to Nature. 401 (6752): 423, 30 Sept. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/46661 [Accessed 10th May 2018].

359 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Erişim adresi: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSwJuOPG4FI#t=7247 [Erişim tarihi: 2

359 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSwJuOPG4FI#t=7247 [Accessed 2

[2 Ekim 2016 tarihinde erişildi].

nd October 2016].

360 Hume, D. (1902). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, section 88. Erişim adresi: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9662/9662-h/9662-h.htm [Erişim tarihi: 4 Ekim 2016].

360 Hume, D. (1902). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, section 88. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9662/9662-h/9662-h.htm [Accessed 4th October 2016].

361 Fricker, E. (2006). Testimony and Epistemic Autonomy. In: Jennifer Lackey, J and Sosa, E, ed, The Epistemology of Testimony. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 244.

361 Fricker, E. (2006). Testimony and Epistemic Autonomy. In: Jennifer Lackey, J and Sosa, E, ed, The Epistemology of Testimony. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 244.

362 Lehrer, K. (2006). Testimony and Trustworthiness. In: Jennifer Lackey, J and Sosa, E, ed, The Epistemology of Testimony, s.145.

362 Lehrer, K. (2006). Testimony and Trustworthiness. In: Jennifer Lackey, J and Sosa, E, ed, The Epistemology of Testimony, p.145.

363 Age., s.149.

363 Ibid, p.149.

364 Age., s.150.

364 Ibid, p.150.

365 Ibid.

365 Ibid.

Aynı eser, a.g.e.

366 Ibid.

367 Ibid, s.151.

367 Ibid, p.151.

368 Age, s.156.

368 Ibid, p.156.

369 Age., s. 156-157.

369 Ibid, pp. 156-157.

370 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority, s. 66.

370 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority, p 66.

371 Age., s. 69.

371 Ibid, p 69.

372 Hume, D. (1902). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, section 91. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9662/9662-h/9662-h.htm [Accessed 4th October 2016].

372 Hume, D. (1902). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, section 91. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9662/9662-h/9662-h.htm [Accessed 4th October 2016].

373 Age, bölüm 99. 374 Lipton, P. (2004). Inference to the Best Explanation. 2. baskı. Abingdon: Routledge, s.56.

373 Ibid, section 99. 374 Lipton, P. (2004). Inference to the Best Explanation. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge, p.56.

375 Aynı eser, s. 64-65.

375 Ibid, pp. 64-65.

376 Harman, G. (1965). The Inference to the Best Explanation. The Philosophical Review, 74(1), pp. 88-95. Also available at: http://people.hss.caltech.edu/~franz/Knowledge%20and%20Reality/PDFs/Gilbert%2

376 Harman, G. (1965). The Inference to the Best Explanation. The Philosophical Review, 74(1), pp. 88-95. Also available at: http://people.hss.caltech.edu/~franz/Knowledge%20and%20Reality/PDFs/Gilbert%2

0H.%20Harman%20- %20The%20Inference%20to%20the%20Best%20Explanation.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 4 Ekim 2016].

0H.%20Harman%20- %20The%20Inference%20to%20the%20Best%20Explanation.pdf [Accessed 4th October 2016].

377 Kur'an, Bölüm 96, Ayet 1.

377 The Qur’an, Chapter 96, Verse 1.

378 The Magnificent Qur'an: A Unique History of Preservation. (2010). Londra: Exhibition Islam, s. 145-204.

378 The Magnificent Qur’an: A Unique History of Preservation. (2010). London: Exhibition Islam, pp. 145-204.

379 Al-Suyuṭi. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, s. 1875.

379 Al-Suyuṭi. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, p. 1875.

380 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma'riful Qur'an. 2. Baskı. Çeviren: Muhammad Jasan Askari ve Muhamad Shamim. Karaçi: Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Cilt 1, s. 139-149.

380 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma’riful Qur’an. 2nd Edition. Translated by Muhammad Jasan Askari and Muhamad Shamim. Karachi: Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Vol 1, pp. 139- 149.

381 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences. Çeviren: Dr. Mohammad Swaleh Siddiqui. Gözden geçiren ve düzenleyen: Rafiq Abdur Rehman. Karaçi: Darul Ishaat, s. 260.

381 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences. Translated by Dr. Mohammad Swaleh Siddiqui. Revised and Edited by Rafiq Abdur Rehman. Karachi: Darul Ishaat, p. 260.

382 Alıntı: Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, s. 2.

382 Cited in Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, p. 2.

383 İbn Haldun, A. Mukaddime. Çeviri: Franz Rosenthal. Altıncı Bölüm, 58. Bölüm. Erişim adresi: http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_58.htm [Erişim tarihi: 9 Ekim 2016].

383 Ibn Khaldun, A. The Muqaddimah. Translated by Franz Rosenthal. Chapter 6, Section 58. Available at: http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_58.htm [Accessed 9th October 2016].

384 İbn Rasîk, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fî Sınâ‘ati'ş-Şi‘r ve Naḳdihi. Editör: Dr. En-Nebevî Şa‘lân. Kahire: Mektebetü'l-Hâncî, s. 89.

384 Ibn Rasheeq, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fee Sina’atu al-Sh’iar wa Naqdihi. Edited by Dr. Al-Nabwi Sha’lan. Cairo: Maktabu al-Khaniji, p. 89.

385 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyun al-Akhbar. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Cilt 2, s. 185.

385 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyun al-Akhbar. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Vol 2, p. 185.

386 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, s. 108.

386 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 108.

387 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, s.64.

387 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, p.64.

388 Profesör Angelika Neuwrith ile Almanca yapılmış kişisel görüşme. Kaydın bir kopyası talep üzerine temin edilebilir.

388 Personal interview with Professor Angelika Neuwrith in German. A copy of the recording is available on request.

389 Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1. Translated by Mohammad Saleem Kayani. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, pp. 25-26.

389 Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1. Translated by Mohammad Saleem Kayani. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, pp. 25-26.

390 Alıntılanan kaynak: Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Cilt 1, s. 26.

390 Cited in Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1, p. 26.

391 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur’an. Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, s. lv.

391 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur’an. Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. lv.

392 Draz, M. A. (2000). Introduction to the Qur'an. London: I. B. Tauris, s. 90.

392 Draz, M. A. (2000). Introduction to the Qur’an. London: I. B. Tauris, p. 90.

393 Zammit, M. R. (2002). A Comparative Lexical Study of Qur'anic Arabic. Leiden: Brill, s. 37.

393 Zammit, M. R. (2002). A Comparative Lexical Study of Qur’anic Arabic. Leiden: Brill, p. 37.

394 Waliyyullāh, S. (2014). Al-Fawz al-Kabīr fī Uṣūl at-Tafsīr. The Great Victory on Qur’ānic Hermeneutics: A Manual of the Principles and Subtleties of Qur’anic Tafsīr. Translated, Introduction and Annotated by Tahir Mahmood Kiani. London: Taha, p.160.

394 Waliyyullāh, S. (2014). Al-Fawz al-Kabīr fī Uṣūl at-Tafsīr. The Great Victory on Qur’ānic Hermeneutics: A Manual of the Principles and Subtleties of Qur’anic Tafsīr. Translated, Introduction and Annotated by Tahir Mahmood Kiani. London: Taha, p.160.

Arberry, A. J. (1998). The Koran: Translated with an Introduction by Arthur J. Arberry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. x.

395 Arberry, A. J. (1998). The Koran: Translated with an Introduction by Arthur J. Arberry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. x.

396 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences, s. 262.

396 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences, p. 262.

397 Al-Suyuṭi. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, s. 1881.

397 Al-Suyuṭi. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, p. 1881.

Ibid.

398 Ibid.

Lawrence, B. (2006). The Qur’an: A Biography. London: Atlantic Books, s. 8.

399 Lawrence, B. (2006). The Qur’an: A Biography. London: Atlantic Books, p 8.

Gibb, H. A. R. (1980). Islam: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press, s. 28.

400 Gibb, H. A. R. (1980). Islam: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press, p. 28.

401 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology. New York: New York University Press, s. 31-33.

401 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology. New York: New York University Press, pp. 31-33.

402 McAuley, D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s.93.

402 McAuley, D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.93.

403 Age, s. 94.

403 Ibid, p. 94.

404 D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s.94'te alıntılanmıştır.

404 Cited in D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.94.

Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch. Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, s.47.

405 Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch. Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, p.47.

406 Aynı eser, s.15; ayrıca bkz. Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition. Edinburgh University Press. 407 Aynı eser, s. 44.

406 Ibid, p.15; and see Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition. Edinburgh University Press. 407 Ibid, p. 44.

408 Mabillard, A. (1999). Shakespearean sonnet basics: Iambic pentameter and the English sonnet style. Available at: http://www.shakespeare online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html [Accessed 5th October 2016].

408 Mabillard, A. (1999). Shakespearean sonnet basics: Iambic pentameter and the English sonnet style. Available at: http://www.shakespeare online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html [Accessed 5th October 2016].

Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Erişim adresi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200 [Erişim tarihi: 9 Ekim 2016].

409 Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200 [Accessed 9th October 2016].

410 Alıntılanan kaynak: Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles. London: I. B. Tauris, s. 184.

410 Cited in Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles. London: I. B. Tauris, p. 184.

411 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press; Abdul-Raof, H. (2001). Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon.

411 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press; Abdul-Raof, H. (2001). Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon.

412 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur'an: Themes & Styles, s. 185.

412 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles, p. 185.

413 Age., s. 188.

413 Ibid, p. 188.

414 Chowdhury, S. Z. (2010). Introducing Arabic Rhetoric. Updated Edition. London: Ad-Duha, s. 99.

414 Chowdhury, S. Z. (2010). Introducing Arabic Rhetoric. Updated Edition. London: Ad-Duha, p. 99.

415 Age.

415 Ibid.

416 Kur'an, Kevser Suresi (108), Ayet 1-3.

416 The Qur’an, Chapter 108, Verses 1 to 3.

417 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, s. 254.

417 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, p. 254.

418 Alıntılanan kaynak: Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'an. Birmingham: Al-Hidaayah, s. 269. Orijinal çeviri üzerinde değişiklik yapılmıştır; Allah adı God ile değiştirilmiştir.

418 Cited in Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur’an. Birmingham: Al-Hidaayah, p. 269. The original translation has been amended; the name Allah has been replaced with God.

419 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, s. 110.

419 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 110.

420 Kur'an, Nahl Suresi, Ayet 103.

420 The Qur’an, Chapter 16, Verse 103.

421 İbn Kesîr, İ. (1999). Tefsîrü'l-Kur'âni'l-Azîm. C. 4, s. 603.

421 Ibn Kathir, I. (1999). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Atheem. Vol 4, p. 603.

422 Vanlancker–Sidtis, D. (2003). Auditory recognition of idioms by native and nonnative speakers of English: It takes one to know one. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, pp. 45–57.

422 Vanlancker–Sidtis, D. (2003). Auditory recognition of idioms by native and nonnative speakers of English: It takes one to know one. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, pp. 45–57.

423 Aynı yer.

423 Ibid.

424 Hyltenstam, K. ve Abrahamsson, N. (2000). İkinci bir dilde ana dili konuşurları gibi olabilir kimler? Hepsi, bazıları ya da hiçbiri mi? Studia Linguistica, 54, ss. 150–166.

424 Hyltenstam, K. and Abrahamsson, N. (2000). Who can become native-like in a second language? All, some, or none? Studia Linguistica, 54, pp. 150–166.

Ali, M. M. (2004). The Qur’an and the Orientalists. Ipswich: Jam’iyat Iḥyaa’ Minhaaj Al-Sunnah, s. 14.

425 Ali, M. M. (2004). The Qur’an and the Orientalists. Ipswich: Jam’iyat Iḥyaa’ Minhaaj Al-Sunnah, p. 14.

426 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language, s. 108.

426 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language, p. 108.

427 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences, s. 261.

427 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences, p. 261.

Draz, M. A. (2001). The Qur’an: An Eternal Challenge. Translated and Edited by Adil Salahi. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, s. 83.

428 Draz, M. A. (2001). The Qur’an: An Eternal Challenge. Translated and Edited by Adil Salahi. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, p. 83.

429 Lings, M. (1983). Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources. 2nd Revised Edition. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, pp. 53-79.

429 Lings, M. (1983). Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources. 2nd Revised Edition. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, pp. 53-79.

430 Islamic Awareness. (tarih yok). Kur'an'ın metni. Erişim: http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/ [Erişim tarihi: 1 Ekim 2016].

430 Islamic Awareness. (no date). The text of the Qur’an. Available at: http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/ [Accessed 1st October 2016].

431 Arberry, A. J. (1967). Poems of Al-Mutanabbi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, s. 1-18.

431 Arberry, A. J. (1967). Poems of Al-Mutanabbi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-18.

Örneğin bunlar arasında Picasso'nun sanat eserlerinin reprodüksiyonları da yer alabilir. Erişim adresi: http://www.sohoart.co/artist/Pablo-Picasso.html [Erişim tarihi: 6 Ekim 2016].

432 For example these can include reproductions of Picasso’s art. Available at: http://www.sohoart.co/artist/Pablo-Picasso.html [Accessed 6th October 2016].

433 Bkz. Textual Integrity of the Bible. Erişim: http://www.islamic awareness.org/Bible/Text/ [Erişim tarihi: 7 Ekim 2016].

433 See Textual Integrity of the Bible. Available at: http://www.islamic awareness.org/Bible/Text/ [Accessed 7th October 2016].

434 Kur'an, Kehf Suresi, Ayet 109.

434 The Qur’an, Chapter 18, Verse 109.

435 Muhammad ismi dört kez, Ahmed ise (O'nun diğer adlarından biri) bir kez geçmektedir. Bkz. http://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=muhammad ve http://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=ahmad [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2016].

435 The name Muhammad is mentioned four times and Ahmad (another one of his names) is mentioned once. See http://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=muhammad and http://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=ahmad [Accessed 24th October 2016].

"Muhammed, sizin erkeklerinizden hiçbirinin babası değildir; o, Allah'ın elçisi ve peygamberlerin sonuncusudur." Allah her şeyi bilendir. Note: Per the rules, "God" must be written as the Turkish word for God, not "Allah". Corrected version: "Muhammed ﷺ, sizin erkeklerinizden hiçbirinin babası değildir; o, Tanrı'nın elçisi ve peygamberlerin mührüdür: Tanrı her şeyi bilendir."

436 “Muhammad is not the father of any one of you men; he is God’s messenger and the seal of the Prophets: God knows everything.” The Qur’an, Chapter 33, Verse 40.

437 Kur'an, Tekvir Suresi, Ayet 22.

437 The Qur’an, Chapter 81, Verse 22.

438 Kur'an, Necm Suresi, Ayet 2.

438 The Qur’an, Chapter 53, Verse 2.

439 Kur'an, Fetih Suresi, Ayet 29.

439 The Qur’an, Chapter 48, Verse 29.

440 Lings, M. (1983). Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, s. 34.

440 Lings, M. (1983). Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, p. 34.

441 Age., s. 52.

441 Ibid, p. 52.

442 Age., s. 53 – 79.

442 Ibid, pp. 53 – 79.

443 Watt, W. M. (1953). Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 52.

443 Watt, W. M. (1953). Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 52.

444 Buhârî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

444 Narrated by Bukhari.

445 Rivayet eden: Müslim.

445 Narrated by Muslim.

446 Rivayet eden: Müslim.

446 Narrated by Muslim.

447 Zarabozo, Jamaal al-Din. Cilt 1. (1999). Nevevi'nin Kırk Hadis Şerhi. Al-Basheer Publications and Translations, s. 270.

447 Zarabozo, Jamaal al-Din. Volume 1. (1999). Commentary of the Forty Hadith of An-Nawawi. Al-Basheer Publications and Translations, p. 270.

448 Burj Khalifa. (2016). Facts & figures. Erişim adresi: http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/the-tower/factsandfigures.aspx [Erişim tarihi: 1 Ekim 2016].

448 Burj Khalifa. (2016). Facts & figures. Available at: http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/the-tower/factsandfigures.aspx [Accessed 1st October 2016].

449 Carrington, D. (2014). Saudi Arabia to Build World's Tallest Tower, Reaching 1 Kilometer into the Sky. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/17/world/meast/saudi-arabia-to-build-tallest building-ever/ [Accessed 1st October 2016].

449 Carrington, D. (2014). Saudi Arabia to Build World’s Tallest Tower, Reaching 1 Kilometer into the Sky. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/17/world/meast/saudi-arabia-to-build-tallest building-ever/ [Accessed 1st October 2016].

450 Zakariya, A. (2015). The Eternal Challenge: A Journey Through The Miraculous Qur'an. London: One Reason, s. 69-70.

450 Zakariya, A. (2015). The Eternal Challenge: A Journey Through The Miraculous Qur’an. London: One Reason, pp. 69-70.

451 İbn Ebi Şeybe rivayet etmiştir. Bu rivayetin senedi, Peygamber Muhammed ﷺ'in sahabilerinden birinde sona ermektedir. Âlimler, bu rivayetin senedi sebebiyle ve gaybî bir bilgiye işaret ettiği için sahih olduğunu ileri sürmüşlerdir. Bazı âlimler ise genel olarak Peygamber ﷺ'in bir sahabisinin, Peygamber ﷺ'in sözleri veya öğretileri gibi vahiy kaynaklı bir bilgiye dayanmadan ahiret hakkında bir ifade kullanmayacağını savunmuşlardır.

451 Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah. The chain of this narration stops at a companion of the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. Scholars maintain that this narration is sound due to its chain of transmission and the fact that it refers to knowledge of the unseen. Some scholars maintain that, in general, a companion of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم would not make a statement concerning eschatology without reference to revealed knowledge, such as the words or teachings of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم himself.

452 Draper, J. W. (1905). History of the Intellectual Development of Europe. New York and London: Harper and Brothers Publishers. Vol 1, pp. 329-330.

452 Draper, J. W. (1905). History of the Intellectual Development of Europe. New York and London: Harper and Brothers Publishers. Vol 1, pp. 329-330.

453 Bkz. M. M. Azami. (1978). Studies in Early Hadith Literature. Indianapolis, Indiana: American Trust Publications.

453 See M. M Azami. (1978). Studies in Early Hadith Literature. Indianapolis, Indiana: American Trust Publications.

454 Ebu Davud ve Tirmizî rivayet etmiştir.

454 Narrated by Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi.

455 Buhârî, el-Edebü'l-Müfred'de rivayet etmiştir.

455 Narrated by Bukhari in Al-Adab al-Mufrad.

Tirmizî rivayet etmiştir.

456 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

457 Buhârî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

457 Narrated by Bukhari.

Aynı eser, a.g.e.

458 Ibid.

459 Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

459 Narrated by Muslim.

460 Tirmizi tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

460 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

Aynı eser, a.g.e.

461 Ibid.

Buhârî ve Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

462 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

463 Tirmizi tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

463 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

464 Buhârî, Müslim, Tirmizî ve İbn Mâce tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

464 Narrated by Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah.

465 Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

465 Narrated by Muslim.

466 İbn Hibban tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

466 Narrated by Ibn Hibban.

467 Rivayet eden: İbn Mâce.

467 Narrated by Ibn Majah.

Ahmad rivayet etmiştir.

468 Narrated by Ahmad.

Aynı eser, a.g.e.

469 Ibid.

Ebû Dâvûd ve Tirmizî rivayet etmiştir.

470 Narrated by Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi.

471 Buhârî, Tarîhu'l-Kebîr'de rivayet etmiştir.

471 Narrated by Bukhari, Tareekh al-Kabeer.

472 Rivayet eden: Taberânî.

472 Narrated by Tabarani.

473 Buhârî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

473 Narrated by Bukhari.

Aynı eser, aynı yer.

474 Ibid.

475 Ahmed ve Tirmizî rivayet etmiştir.

475 Narrated by Ahmad and Tirmidhi.

476 Buhârî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

476 Narrated by Bukhari.

477 Buhârî, Müslim ve Ahmed rivayet etmiştir.

477 Narrated by Bukhari, Muslim and Ahmad.

Buhârî ve Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

478 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

479 numaralı hadis, Buhari tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

479 Narrated by Bukhari.

480 Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

480 Narrated by Muslim.

481 Buhârî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

481 Narrated by Bukhari.

Aynı yer.

482 Ibid.

483 İbn Mâce tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

483 Narrated by Ibn Majah.

Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

484 Narrated by Muslim.

Tirmizî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

485 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

486 Narrated by Muslim.

Aynı eser, a.g.e.

487 Ibid.

Age, a.g.e., s. 488

488 Ibid.

489 Buhârî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

489 Narrated by Bukhari.

Buhârî ve Müslim rivayet etmiştir.

490 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

491 Buhârî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

491 Narrated by Bukhari.

Ibid.

492 Ibid.

İbid.

493 Ibid.

Buhârî ve Müslim rivayet etmiştir.

494 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

495 Rivayet eden: Buhari.

495 Narrated by Bukhari.

Nesai tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

496 Narrated by An-Nasai.

497 Rivayet eden: Müslim.

497 Narrated by Muslim.

Ahmad tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

498 Narrated by Ahmad.

499 Alıntı: Ibn Musa Al-Yahsubi, Q. I. (2006). Muhammad Messenger of Allah: Ash-Shifa of Qadi ‘Iyad. Çeviri: Aisha Abdarrahman Bewley. Cape Town: Madinah Press, s. 55.

499 Cited in Ibn Musa Al-Yahsubi, Q. I. (2006). Muhammad Messenger of Allah: Ash-Shifa of Qadi ‘Iyad. Translated by Aisha Abdarrahman Bewley. Cape Town: Madinah Press, p. 55.

Buhari ve Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

500 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

501 Ibid.

501 Ibid.

502 Rivayet eden: Al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Hibban, Tabarani ve Abu Nu'aym.

502 Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Hibban, Tabarani and Abu Nu’aym.

503 Müslim tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

503 Narrated by Muslim.

504 As-Sallabee, M. A. (2005). The Noble Life of the Prophet. Vol 3. Riyadh: Darussalam, pp. 1707 & 1712.

504 As-Sallabee, M. A. (2005). The Noble Life of the Prophet. Vol 3. Riyadh: Darussalam, pp. 1707 & 1712.

505 Rivayet eden: Tirmizî.

505 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

506 Ibid.

506 Ibid.

Tirmizi tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

507 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

Aynı eser, a.g.e.

508 Ibid.

509 İbn Kayyim, S. (1998). Zâdü'l-Me'âd. Editörler: Şuayb el-Arnaut ve Abdülkadir el-Arnaut, C. 3. Beyrut: Müessesetü'r-Risale, s. 50-51. Çevrimiçi kopyasına şu adresten erişilebilir: http://ia801308.us.archive.org/0/items/FP37672/03_37674.pdf [Erişim 1

509 Ibn Qayyim, S. (1998). Zaad al-Ma’ad. Edited by Shuayb Al-Arnaout and Abdul Qadir Al-Arnaout Vol 3. Beirut: Mu’assasa al-Risalah, pp. 50-51. An online copy can be accessed at: http://ia801308.us.archive.org/0/items/FP37672/03_37674.pdf [Accessed 1

[1 Ekim 2016'da erişildi].

st October 2016].

510 Buhârî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

510 Narrated by Bukhari.

511 Buhârî, Müslim ve Ahmed rivayet etmiştir.

511 Narrated by Bukhari, Muslim and Ahmad.

512 Buhârî ve Müslim rivayet etmiştir.

512 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

513 İbn Mâce ve el-Hâkim rivayet etmiştir.

513 Narrated by Ibn Maajah and al-Haakim.

514 Rivayet eden: Tirmizi.

514 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

515 Buhârî ve Müslim rivayet etmiştir.

515 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

Tirmizî tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

516 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

517 İbid.

517 Ibid.

518 Kur'an, Mâide Suresi, Ayet 8.

518 The Qur’an, Chapter 5, Verse 8.

519 Kur'an, Nisa Suresi, Ayet 135.

519 The Qur’an, Chapter 4, Verse 135.

520 Kur'an, Bölüm 90, Ayet 12-18.

520 The Qur’an, Chapter 90, Verses 12 to 18.

521 Ibn Hisham, A. (1955) as-Sira an-Nabawiyya. Kahire: Mustafa Al-Halabi & Sons. Cilt 1, s. 501-504.

521 Ibn Hisham, A. (1955) as-Sira an-Nabawiyya. Cairo: Mustafa Al-Halabi & Sons. Vol 1, pp. 501-504.

522 Armstrong, K. (1997). A History of Jerusalem: One City Three Faiths. New York: Ballantine Books, s. 245.

522 Armstrong, K. (1997). A History of Jerusalem: One City Three Faiths. New York: Ballantine Books, p. 245.

523 Cohen, A. (1994). A World Within: Jewish Life as Reflected in Muslim Court Documents from the Sijill of Jerusalem (XVIth Century). Part One. Philadelphia:

523 Cohen, A. (1994). A World Within: Jewish Life as Reflected in Muslim Court Documents from the Sijill of Jerusalem (XVIth Century). Part One. Philadelphia:

Pennsylvania Üniversitesi, Yahudi Araştırmaları Merkezi, s. 22-23.

The Center for Judaic Studies, University of Pennsylvania, pp. 22-23.

524 Tabari, M, S. (1967). Tarikh Tabari: Tarikh ar-Rusul wal- Muluk. Muhammed İbrahim tarafından düzenlenmiştir. Cilt 3. 3

524 Tabari, M, S. (1967). Tarikh Tabari: Tarikh ar-Rusul wal- Muluk. Edited by Muhammad Ibrahim. Vol 3. 3

3. Baskı. Kahire, Dar al-Ma'aarif, s. 609. Çevrimiçi kopyasına şu adresten erişilebilir:

rd Edition. Cairo, Dar al-Ma’aarif, p. 609. On online copy can be accessed at:

Bu bir bağlantı (URL) ve yalnızca metin halinde verildi; içeriğine erişemiyorum. Dolayısıyla bu bağlantıdaki metni çeviremem. Çevirmemi istediğiniz İngilizce metni doğrudan buraya yapıştırırsanız, kurallara uygun şekilde Türkçeye çevirebilirim.

https://ia802500.us.archive.org/21/items/WAQ17280/trm03.pdf [Accessed 1

[1 Ekim 2016'da erişildi].

st October 2016].

525 Alıntılanan kaynak: Walker, C. J. (2005). Islam and the West: A Dissonant Harmony of Civilisations. Gloucester: Sutton Publishing, s. 17.

525 Cited in Walker, C. J. (2005). Islam and the West: A Dissonant Harmony of Civilisations. Gloucester: Sutton Publishing, p. 17.

526 Yahya b. Adam, el-Harâc kitabında rivayet etmiştir.

526 Narrated by Yahya b. Adam in the book of al-Kharaaj.

527 Et-Taberânî, el-Mu'cemü'l-Evsat'ta rivayet etmiştir.

527 Reported by Al-Tabarani in Al-Mu’jam Al-Awsat.

528 Al-Qaraafi, A. (1998). Al-Furuq. Cilt 3. 1. Baskı. Halil Al-Mansur tarafından düzenlenmiştir. Beyrut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, s. 29. Çevrimiçi kopyasına şu adresten erişilebilir: http://ia600203.us.archive.org/27/items/Forwq_Qarafy/Forwq_Qarafy_03.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 1 Ekim 2016].

528 Al-Qaraafi, A. (1998). Al-Furuq. Vol 3. 1st Edition. Edited by Khalil Al-Mansur. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, p. 29. An online copy can be accessed at: http://ia600203.us.archive.org/27/items/Forwq_Qarafy/Forwq_Qarafy_03.pdf [Accessed 1st October 2016].

529 Kur'an, Enbiya Suresi, Ayet 107.

529 The Qur’an, Chapter 21, Verse 107.

530 Kur'an, Yedinci Sure, 156. Ayet.

530 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 156.

531 Walker, C. J. (2005)'ten alıntılanmıştır. Islam and the West: A Dissonant Harmony of Civilisations, s. 17.

531 Cited in Walker, C. J. (2005). Islam and the West: A Dissonant Harmony of Civilisations, p. 17.

532 Dozy, R. (1913). A History of Muslims in Spain. London: Chatto & Windus, p. 235.

532 Dozy, R. (1913). A History of Muslims in Spain. London: Chatto & Windus, p. 235.

533 Arnold, T. (1896). The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith. Westminster: Archibald Constable & Co., s. 56.

533 Arnold, T. (1896). The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith. Westminster: Archibald Constable & Co., p. 56.

534 Kur'an, Bakara Suresi, Ayet 256.

534 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 256.

535 Bonner, M. (2006). Jihad in Islamic History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, s. 89-90.

535 Bonner, M. (2006). Jihad in Islamic History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 89-90.

536 Hallaq, W. B. (2009). Sharia: Theory, Practice and Transformations. New York: Cambridge University Press, s. 332.

536 Hallaq, W. B. (2009). Sharia: Theory, Practice and Transformations. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 332.

537 İbn Zanjawiyah, H, S. (1986) Kitab al-Amwaal. Şakir Fiyadh tarafından düzenlenmiştir. Mekke: Markaz al-Malik Faisal, s. 169-170.

537 Ibn Zanjawiyah, H, S. (1986) Kitab al-Amwaal. Edited by Shakir Fiyadh. Makkah: Markaz al-Malik Faisal, pp. 169-170.

538 Mansel, P. (1995). Constantinople: City of the World's desire, 1453-1924. London: Penguin Books, s. 15.

538 Mansel, P. (1995). Constantinople: City of the World’s desire, 1453-1924. London: Penguin Books, p. 15.

539 Kur'an, Hucurat Suresi, Ayet 13.

539 The Qur’an, Chapter 49, Verse 13.

540 Hafız İbn Hibban, es-Sahih'inde, senediyle, Fedâle İbn Ubeyd'den rivayet etmiştir. Beyhakî de (rivayet etmiştir).

540 Hafiz ibn Hibban reported in al-Sahih, via his isnad, from Fadalah ibn Ubayd and Baihaqi.

541 Gibb, H. A. R. (2012). Whither Islam? A Survey of Modern Movements in the Moslem World. Abingdon: Routledge, s. 379. 542 Toynbee, A. J. (1948). Civilization on Trial. New York: Oxford University Press, s. 205.

541 Gibb, H. A. R. (2012). Whither Islam? A Survey of Modern Movements in the Moslem World. Abingdon: Routledge, p. 379. 542 Toynbee, A. J. (1948). Civilization on Trial. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 205.

543 Robinson, V. (1936). The Story of Medicine. New York: Tudor Publishing Company, s. 164. 544 Sabry, W. M., & Vohra, A. (2013). Role of Islam in the management of Psychiatric disorders. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(Suppl 2), S205–S214. http://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.105534.

543 Robinson, V. (1936). The Story of Medicine. New York: Tudor Publishing Company, p. 164. 544 Sabry, W. M., & Vohra, A. (2013). Role of Islam in the management of Psychiatric disorders. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(Suppl 2), S205–S214. http://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.105534.

545 Badri, M. (2013). Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi’s Sustenance of the Soul: The Cognitive Behavior Therapy of a Ninth Century Physician. Surrey: International Institute of Islamic Thought.

545 Badri, M. (2013). Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi’s Sustenance of the Soul: The Cognitive Behavior Therapy of a Ninth Century Physician. Surrey: International Institute of Islamic Thought.

546 Rivayet eden: Buhari.

546 Narrated by Bukhari.

547 Kur'an, Yunus Suresi, Ayet 24.

547 The Qur’an, Chapter 10, Verse 24.

548 Kur'an, 96. Sure, 1-5. Ayetler: {Yaratan Rabbinin adıyla oku. İnsanı bir alak parçasından yarattı. Oku! Rabbin en büyük keremlidir. O, kalemle öğretendir. İnsana bilmediğini öğretendir.}

548 The Qur'an, Chapter 96, Verses 1 to 5.

549 Kur'an, Zümer Suresi, 9. Ayet

549 The Qur’an, Chapter 39, Verse 9.

550 Kur'an, Gâşiye suresi, 17-20. âyetler

550 The Qur’an, Chapter 88, Verses 17 to 20.

551 Kur'an, Âl-i İmrân Suresi, 190 ve 191. Ayetler.

551 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verses 190 and 191.

552 Bkz. Steffens, B. (2007). Ibn Al-Haytham: First Scientist. Greensboro, NC: Morgan Reynolds Publishing.

552 See Steffens, B. (2007). Ibn Al-Haytham: First Scientist. Greensboro, NC: Morgan Reynolds Publishing.

553 Lindberg, David C. (1992). The Beginnings of Western Science. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, s. 362-363.

553 Lindberg, David C. (1992). The Beginnings of Western Science. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 362-363.

554 Steffens, B. (2007). Ibn Al-Haytham: First Scientist, s. 27.

554 Steffens, B. (2007). Ibn Al-Haytham: First Scientist, p. 27.

555 Ayrıntılar için bkz. Al-Djazairi, S. E. (2005). The Hidden Debt to Islamic Civilisation. Oxford: Bayt Al-Hikma Press; Saliba, G. (2007). Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Massachusetts: MIT Press.

555 For details see Al-Djazairi, S. E. (2005). The Hidden Debt to Islamic Civilisation. Oxford: Bayt Al-Hikma Press; Saliba, G. (2007). Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Massachusetts: MIT Press.

556 Saliba, G. (2007). Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Massachusetts: MIT Press, s. 1.

556 Saliba, G. (2007). Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Massachusetts: MIT Press, p. 1.

557 Arnold, T. (1896). The Preaching of Islam, s. 112.

557 Arnold, T. (1896). The Preaching of Islam, p. 112.

558 Hewlett Packard. (2001). Carly Fiorina Speeches. Technology, Business and Our Way of Life: What's Next. Available at: http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/speeches/fiorina/minnesota01.html [Accessed 10th September 2016].

558 Hewlett Packard. (2001). Carly Fiorina Speeches. Technology, Business and Our Way of Life: What’s Next. Available at: http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/speeches/fiorina/minnesota01.html [Accessed 10th September 2016].

559 Smith, A. (1869). The Essays of Adam Smith. London: Alex Murray, s. 353.

559 Smith, A. (1869). The Essays of Adam Smith. London: Alex Murray, p. 353.

560 İbn Kayyim, S. (2005). Al-Wabil al-Sayib. Düzenleyenler: Abdullah Qaa’ir ve Bakr Abu Zayd. Mekke: Dar Alim al-Fawa’id, s. 109. Çevrim içi kopyasını şu adresten indirebilirsiniz: http://www.ajurry.com/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=26489&d=1363130186 [Erişim tarihi: 1 Ekim 2016].

560 Ibn Qayyim, S. (2005). Al-Wabil al-Sayib. Edited by Abdullah Qaa’ir and Bakr Abu Zayd. Makkah: Dar Alim al-Fawa’id, p. 109. You can download an online copy at: http://www.ajurry.com/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=26489&d=1363130186 [Accessed 1st October 2016].

Kur'an, Muhammed Suresi, Ayet 19.

561 The Qur’an, Chapter 47, Verse 19.

562 Kur'an, Yedinci Sure (A'raf), 180. Ayet

562 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 180.

563 Kur'an, Nisa Suresi, Ayet 48.

563 The Qur’an, Chapter 4, Verse 48.

564 Kur'an, Furkan Suresi, Ayet 68 ve 70.

564 The Qur’an, Chapter 25, Verses 68 and 70.

565 Kur'an, Mü'minun Suresi, Ayet 99 ve 100.

565 The Qur’an, Chapter 23, Verses 99 and 100.

566 Kur'an, Âl-i İmrân Suresi, Âyet 117.

566 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 117.

567 Kur'an, Âl-i İmrân Suresi, Ayet 182.

567 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 182.

Bu, Ahmad ve İbn Hibban tarafından rivayet edilen sahih bir hadise dayanmaktadır: "Kıyamet gününde (Allah'a itiraz edecek) dört kişi vardır: Hiçbir şey işitmemiş olan sağır adam, akıl hastası, çok yaşlı adam ve fetret döneminde (Îsâ (aleyhisselâm) ile Muhammed ﷺ arasındaki dönemde) ölen adam. Sağır adam, 'Ey Rabbim, İslam geldi, ama ben hiçbir şey işitmedim' diyecek. Akıl hastası, 'Ey Rabbim, İslam geldi, ama çocuklar beni kovalayıp taşlarla vurdu' diyecek. Çok yaşlı adam, 'Ey Rabbim, İslam geldi, ama ben hiçbir şey anlamadım' diyecek. Fetret döneminde ölen adam ise, 'Ey Rabbim, bana Senden hiçbir Elçi gelmedi' diyecek. (Allah) onların itaat sözlerini kabul edecek, sonra onlara ateşe girmeleri emredilecek. Ruhu Muhammed'in elinde olan Allah'a yemin olsun ki, onlar ateşe girecek olsalar, ateş onlar için serin ve güvenli olacaktır." Ayrıca, Allah'ın insanlara doğru İslam mesajı ulaştırılmadan kimseyi cehenneme koymayacağını gösteren başka hadisler ve Kur'an ayetleri de vardır.

568 This is based on the following authentic tradition narrated by Ahmad and Ibn Hibban: “There are four (who will protest) to God on the Day of Resurrection: the deaf man who never heard anything, the insane man, the very old man, and the man who died during the fatrah (the interval between the time of Jesus (upon whom be peace) and the time of Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. The deaf man will say, ‘O Lord, Islam came but I never heard anything.’ The insane man will say, ‘O Lord, Islam came but the children ran after me and threw stones at me.’ The very old man will say, ‘O Lord, Islam came but I did not understand anything.’ The man who died during the fatrah will say, ‘O Lord, no Messenger from You came to me.’ He will accept their promises of obedience, then word will be sent to them to enter the Fire. By the One in Whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, if they enter it, it will be cool and safe for them.” There are other hadiths and verses of the Qur’an that indicate that God will not allow anyone to enter hell until people have been given the correct message of Islam.

569 Al-Gazali, M. A. (1993). Fayasl al-Tafriqa Bayn al-Islam wa-l-Zandaqa. Düzenleyen M. Bejou. Şam, s. 84. Çevrimiçi kopyası şu adreste bulunmaktadır: http://ghazali.org/books/fiysal-bejou.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 21 Kasım 2016].

569 Al-Ghazali, M. A. (1993). Fayasl al-Tafriqa Bayn al-Islam wa-l-Zandaqa. Edited by M. Bejou. Damascus, p. 84. An online copy is available at: http://ghazali.org/books/fiysal-bejou.pdf [Accessed 21st November 2016].

570 Aynı eser.

570 Ibid.

571 Kur'an, Âl-i İmrân Suresi, 113. Ayet. Bu ayet "kitap ehli" hakkında konuşmaktadır. Ancak bu ilke, tüm insan gruplarını kapsamaktadır.

571 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 113. This verse refers to the ‘people of the book’. However, the principle applies to all groups of people.

572 Age.

572 Ibid.

573 Buhari tarafından rivayet edilmiştir.

573 Narrated by Bukhari.

574 Kur'an, Bakara... no — translating as given: "574 The Qur'an, Chapter 7, Verse 55." → "574 Kur'an, 7. Sûre, 55. Ayet."

574 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 55.

Kur'an, Mümin Suresi (40), Ayet 65.

575 The Qur’an, Chapter 40, Verse 65.

Kur'an, Sure 20, Ayet 14.

576 The Qur’an, Chapter, 20, Verse 14.

577 Kur'an, Bakara Suresi, Ayet 29.

577 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 29.

578 Kur'an, Bakara... wait, the input is "578 The Qur'an, Chapter 7, Verse 191." Translating faithfully: 578 Kur'an, Bölüm 7, Ayet 191.

578 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 191.

579 Kur'an, Fâtır Suresi, Âyet 3.

579 The Qur’an, Chapter 35, Verse 3.

580 Kur'an, Alak suresi, 6 ve 7. ayetler

580 The Qur’an, Chapter 96, Verses 6 and 7.

Kur'an, 92. Sure, 8-12. Ayet Bu ayet bir Kur'an ayeti değildir ama başlık olarak çevriliyor: 581 Kur'an, 92. Sure, 8-12. Ayet

581 The Qur’an, Chapter 92, Verses 8 to 12.

582 Kur'an, Sure 14, Ayet 34.

582 The Qur’an, Chapter 14, Verse 34.

583 Fromm, E. (1956). The Art of Loving. New York: Harper & Row, s. 58-59.

583 Fromm, E. (1956). The Art of Loving. New York: Harper & Row, pp. 58-59.

584 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment. Translated with an introduction and notes by Eric Ormsby. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, p. 25.

584 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment. Translated with an introduction and notes by Eric Ormsby. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, p. 25.

585 Kur'an, Yedinci Sure, Ayet 156.

585 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 156.

586 Kur'an, Bölüm 55, Ayet 1 ve 2.

586 The Qur’an, Chapter 55, Verses 1 and 2.

587 Kur'an, Bürûc suresi, 14. ayet.

587 The Qur’an, Chapter 85, Verse 14.

Ebu Davud rivayet etmiştir.

588 Narrated by Abu Dawud.

589 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment, s. 23.

589 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment, p. 23.

590 Kur'an, Âl-i İmrân Suresi, Ayet 31.

590 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 31.

591 Kur'an, Zariyat Suresi, Ayet 56.

591 The Qur’an, Chapter 51, Verse 56.

592 Peygamber Muhammed ﷺ'e itaat etmek, Allah'a itaat etmenin bir sonucudur; çünkü Allah bize bunu emretmiştir.

592 Obedience to the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم is a consequence of obeying God, as He commands us to do so.

Kur'an, Âl-i İmrân Suresi, Ayet 132.

593 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 132.

594 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment, s. 120-121.

594 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment, pp. 120-121.

595 Aynı eser, s. 123.

595 Ibid, p. 123.

596 Mahali, J ve Al-Suyuti J. (2001). Tafsir Al-Jalalayn, s. 302. 597 Kur'an, Hud Suresi, Ayet 118 ve 119.

596 Mahali, J and Al-Suyuti J. (2001). Tafsir Al-Jalalayn, p. 302. 597 The Qur’an, Chapter 11, Verses 118 and 119.

598 Kur'an, Furkan Suresi, Ayet 43 ve 44.

598 The Qur’an, Chapter 25, Verses 43 and 44.

599 Twenge JM & Kasser T. Generational changes in materialism and work centrality, 1976-2007: Associations with temporal changes in societal insecurity and materialistic role modeling. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2013, 39 (7) pp. 883-897.

599 Twenge JM & Kasser T. Generational changes in materialism and work centrality, 1976-2007: Associations with temporal changes in societal insecurity and materialistic role modeling. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2013, 39 (7) pp. 883-897.

600 Opree SJ, Buijzen M, & Valkenburg PM. Lower life satisfaction related to materialism in children frequently exposed to advertising. Pediatrics. 2012, 130 (3) pp. 486-e491. 601 The Qur’an, Chapter 59, Verse 19.

600 Opree SJ, Buijzen M, & Valkenburg PM. Lower life satisfaction related to materialism in children frequently exposed to advertising. Pediatrics. 2012, 130 (3) pp. 486-e491. 601 The Qur’an, Chapter 59, Verse 19.

602 Kur'an, Zümer Suresi, Ayet 29.

602 The Qur’an, Chapter 39, Verse 29.

603 Riffat, H. (1968)'de alıntılanmıştır. The Main Philosophical Idea in the Writings of Muhammad Iqbal (1877 – 1938). Durham theses, Durham University. Erişim adresi: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7986/2/7986_4984-vol2.PDF?UkUDh:CyT [Erişim tarihi: 6 Ekim 2016].

603 Cited in Riffat, H. (1968). The Main Philosophical Idea in the Writings of Muhammad Iqbal (1877 – 1938). Durham theses, Durham University. Available at: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7986/2/7986_4984-vol2.PDF?UkUDh:CyT [Accessed 6th October 2016].

604 Bu bölümün yapısı ve içeriği, Yusuf, H. (2016). Best of Hamza Yusuf'tan uyarlanmıştır. Erişim: https://youtu.be/KUzjHU-g7E0 [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2016].

604 The structure and content of this chapter have been adapted from Reminders From Yusuf, H. (2016). Best of Hamza Yusuf. Available at: https://youtu.be/KUzjHU-g7E0 [Accessed 24th October 2016].

605 Kur'an, Sure 82, Ayet 6.

605 The Qur’an, Chapter 82, Verse 6.

606 Kur'an, Ta-Ha suresi, 44. ayet.

606 The Qur’an, Chapter 20, Verse 44.

607 Al-Qurtubi, M. (2006). Al-Jaami’ al-Ahkaam al-Qur’an, s. 65.

607 Al-Qurtubi, M. (2006). Al-Jaami’ al-Ahkaam al-Qur’an, p. 65.

608 Kur'an, Nahl Suresi, Ayet 125.

608 The Qur’an, Chapter 16, Verse 125.

609 Al-Zamakhshari, J. (2009). Tafsir al-Kashshaaf ’an Haqa’iq at-Tanzil. Edited by Khalil Shayhaa. Beirut: Darul Marefah, s. 588.

609 Al-Zamakhshari, J. (2009). Tafsir al-Kashshaaf ’an Haqa’iq at-Tanzil. Edited by Khalil Shayhaa. Beirut: Darul Marefah, p. 588.

610 Kur'an, Ibrahim Suresi, Ayet 24-27.

610 The Qur’an, Chapter 14, Verses 24 to 27.

611 Kur'an, Fussilet Suresi, Ayet 34

611 The Qur’an, Chapter 41, Verse 34