至于第一件事，它发生在他身处高加索地区的时候。当时有人策划了一场未遂的政变，人们认为他也牵涉其中。
As for the first event, this took place while he was in the Caucasus. An attempted coup was staged and it was thought that he was implicated.
少校雅库布·贾米勒·贝伊与朋友们密谋推翻政府。他对朋友们说的原话是：那些自以为了不起的人其实很渺小，国家呼吁将他们撤职，换上更有爱国心、更加真诚的人。朋友们插话道：撤换这些人并不难，但你能否告诉我们，依你看，谁能让政权恢复旧日的模样？雅库布立刻回答：穆斯塔法·凯末尔。
后来阴谋被揭露，雅库布和他的朋友们被处决。穆斯塔法·凯末尔在高加索逗留期间得知了这一消息。这消息对他的冲击如同晴天霹雳。消息是通过希尔米·贝伊博士传达给他的，希尔米博士也是这一阴谋的同谋，但他设法逃离了伊斯坦布尔，前往穆斯塔法·凯末尔处。伊斯坦布尔政府曾下令穆斯塔法·凯末尔逮捕希尔米博士并立即押送回去，但穆斯塔法·凯末尔给当局发了一封电报，说道：希尔米博士现在由我保护。政府除了保持沉默别无他法，因为与穆斯塔法·凯末尔发生对抗将会带来不良后果。由此，政府以及国家和军队中的许多要员都清楚地看到，穆斯塔法·凯末尔正在觊觎权力，并且打算退出战争。于是，穆斯塔法·凯末尔登上政治舞台时，不仅怀有他所秉持的思想，还拥有一套他旨在实现这些思想的方法。因此，他成为了人们警惕和忧虑的对象。
Major Yaqub Jamil Beik conspired with his friends to topple the government. To quote from what he said to his friends : Those men who think they are big are in fact small and the country calls for their removal from their posts to replace them with men who have more patriotism and more sincerity. His friends interrupted : The removal of such men is a simple matter, but could you tell us about the man who in your view could restore the regime to its old self? Upon this Yaqub instantly replied : Mustafa Kemal. The conspiracy was later uncovered and Yaqub and his friends were executed. Mustafa Kemal heard of this news during his stay in the Caucasus. Its impact upon him was like a thunderbolt. The news reached him via Doctor Hilmi Beik, who was an accessory to the conspiracy, but he had managed to flee from Istanbul and go to Mustafa Kemal. The government in Istanbul had ordered Mustafa Kemal to arrest Doctor Hilmi and send him back at once, but Mustafa Kemal sent a telegram to the authorities in which he said : Doctor Hilmi is as of now under my protection. The government could do little but remain silent, for a confrontation with Mustafa Kemal would have led to adverse consequences. Hence, it became clear to the government and to many personalities within the State and the army that Mustafa Kemal was aspiring to seize power and to withdraw from the war. Thus Mustafa Kemal emerged on the political scene not only with the thoughts that he carried, but also with a method by which he aimed at executing those thoughts. Consequently, he became the object of caution and apprehension.
第二件事发生在国家在Ardh-Rum（罗马之地）战败之时，巴格达于1917年3月在英国人手中陷落。穆斯塔法·凯末尔对国家的胆大妄为便由此明显地显现出来，他开始公开呼吁政府退出战争。与此同时，俄国人加强了对Ardh-Rum的进攻，该地随后落入他们手中。要风平浪静地掩盖这一丑闻，本可以阻止这座要塞的失守，当局也本可以遮掩这桩丑闻。然而，英国人进攻伊拉克并征服了巴格达，于是国家的软弱暴露无遗，其战败也就昭然若揭了。
As for the second event, this took place when the State was defeated in Ardh-Rum (Roman land), and Baghdad fell in March 1917 at the hands of the British. Mustafa Kemals audacity against the State then became clearly manifest and he started openly calling upon the government to withdraw from the war. Circumstantially, the Russians intensified their attack on Ardh-Rum, which subsequently fell into their hands. The loss of the fortress could have been curtailed and the authorities would have been able to cover up the scandal. However, the British attacked Iraq and conquered Baghdad, thus the weakness of the State was exposed and her defeat became manifest.
英国曾派遣一支来自印度的军队进攻伊拉克，但奥斯曼军队迎战，遏制了英军的攻势。他们还成功击退了英国的一支增援特遣队。1916年4月29日，他们迫使被围困于库特阿马拉的汤森德部队投降，并俘虏了全部人员。然而，开往伊拉克的英军兵力超过驻守当地的奥斯曼军队，英军的军事优势开始在战场上显现，战局的天平逐渐向英国一方倾斜。
The British had attacked Iraq with an army from India, but the Ottoman army confronted them and halted the British onslaught. They also managed to repel a British relief task force. On 29th April 1916, they forced the contingent of Tomshend that was besieged in Kut Al-Amara to surrender and took everyone as prisoner. However, the British forces heading towards Iraq were greater than the Ottoman forces stationed there, so British military superiority started to be reflected in the battles and the scales tilted in favour of the British.
1917年2月，英军收复了库特阿马拉。随后在1917年3月，他们攻占了巴格达，并继续向摩苏尔进军。这引起了政府内部的不安，民众舆论也要求撤换战争部长安瓦尔，并由他人接替其职位。甚至统一与进步委员会——当时的执政党，而安瓦尔正是其最杰出的人物之一——也持相同看法。
In February 1917, the British recaptured Kut Al-Amara. Then in March 1917 they captured Baghdad and continued their march towards Al- Moosil. This caused disquiet within the government and a public opinion calling for the removal of Anwar from the war ministry and his replacement was generated. Even the Committee of Union & Progress, which at the time was the ruling party and of whom Anwar was one of its most prominent figures, was of the same opinion.
因此,有人讨论了由一位有能力的军官取代安瓦尔出任战争部长一事。在这种情况下,被提名担任该职位的人选有杰马勒帕夏、伊泽特元帅和穆斯塔法·凯末尔。战争部长一职需要政治上的经验和精明。因此,任命杰马勒帕夏或伊泽特元帅担任此职将是一个错误,因为前者在叙利亚总督任上已经失败,而后者毫无政治经验。于是,穆斯塔法·凯末尔便成了显而易见的人选。
Hence, the issue of replacing Anwar at the head of the war ministry by one of the competent officers was discussed. The names put forward to assume such a post under such circumstances were Jamal Pasha, Marshal Izzet and Mustafa Kemal. The post of war minister required experience and shrewdness in political matters. Hence, the appointment of Jamal Pasha or Marshal Izzet to such a post would have been a mistake, for the former had failed in his post as governor of Syria and the latter had no experience in politics. Thus Mustafa Kemal became the obvious choice.
然而，人们都知道穆斯塔法·凯末尔想推翻政府并退出战争。他对战争的看法众所周知。因此，他遭到排斥，因为他经常写信给政府，警告它们不要继续进行战争。他认为德国在政治上已经输掉了这场战争，在军事上也已不再有能力取胜。他还怀疑奥斯曼帝国能否置身战争之外，因为他认为协约国有必要获得经过达达尼尔海峡的通道，以便与东方的协约国建立联系。另一方面，俄国一直被视为奥斯曼帝国的头号敌人。所有这些观点都广为人知，他也常常公开表明这些看法。
However, it was well known that Mustafa Kemal wanted to topple the government and withdraw from the war. His views on the war were well known. Hence, he was rejected as he used to write to the government warning them against pursuing the war. He believed that Germany had already lost the war politically and that she was no longer capable of winning the war militarily. He also doubted whether the Ottoman State would be able to distance herself from the war, because he deemed it necessary for the Allies to have a passage in the Dardanelles in order to establish a link with the allied countries in the east. On the other hand, Russia used to be considered the archenemy of the Ottoman Empire. All of these opinions were well known and he used to openly declare them.
因此,没有人怀疑,如果穆斯塔法·凯末尔接任武装部队的总司令,他必定会对政府及其政策进行彻底的改革。于是,要求罢免安瓦尔的呼声平息了下来,他们随即开始谋划夺回巴格达。
Hence, nobody was ever in any doubt that had Mustafa Kemal assumed the general command of the armed forces, he would have introduced radical changes to the government and its policies. Therefore, the voice of those calling for the removal of Anwar receded and they started for the recapture of Baghdad forthwith.
安瓦尔前往德国最高统帅部，并一再敦促他们向他提供增援，以便收复巴格达。德国人则竭尽全力协助其盟友安瓦尔并维持其职位。他们采取的措施之一是任命埃里希·冯·法尔肯海因将军并将大批部队交由其指挥。法尔肯海因组建了一支名为“雷霆”的新部队，并以阿勒颇为其总指挥部。穆斯塔法·凯末尔被晋升为将军，并被任命为第4集团军司令，隶属于法尔肯海因的总指挥之下。
Anwar approached the German High Command and urged them persistently to supply him with reinforcements in order to recapture Baghdad. The Germans for their part went to great lengths to assist their ally Anwar and keep him in office. One of the measures they undertook was to place General Erich von Falkenhayn and a large number of contingents under his disposal. Falkenhayn built up a new force which he named Thunderbolt, with Aleppo as its General Command headquarters. Mustafa Kemal was promoted to the rank of General and appointed as the commander of the 4th army under the general command of Falkenhayn.
穆斯塔法·凯末尔反对将总指挥权交给某位德国人。他认为，为收复巴格达所付出的任何努力都是徒劳的，目前为收复巴格达所做的种种尝试皆是白费力气、毫无成效。他甚至认为，发动此类行动将给奥斯曼军队带来新的沉重损失。
Mustafa Kemal was averse to the idea of having the general command in the hands of one of the Germans. He deemed any effort to be spent in recapturing Baghdad as futile and that the efforts being made to recapture it were lost and to no avail. He even considered that the undertaking of such an action would lead to fresh heavy losses to the Ottoman army.
因此，他开始向国人证明那些呼吁收复巴格达者的无知，以及安瓦尔政策的错误。他还开始阐明，这一扭曲的政策将给国家带来的损害。随后，他在演讲中开始详细谈论奥斯曼帝国因屈从于德国人而遭受的损失。于是，他与德国指挥官发生冲突几乎是不可避免的。德国指挥官法尔肯海因为此试图争取他并以一切可能的方式安抚他，但未能成功。他允许他参加最高指挥部的会议。
Consequently, he embarked upon proving to the country the ignorance of those calling for the recapture of Baghdad and the error of Anwars policies. He also embarked upon outlining the damage that the country would suffer as a result of this crooked policy. Then he started to speak in detail in his speeches about the losses which the Ottoman State suffered because of her capitulation to the Germans. Thus, it was inevitable for him to clash with the German commander. The German commander Falkenhayn, for his part attempted to win him over and pacify him with all possible means but he failed. He allowed him to attend the meetings of the high command.
计划是从陆路进攻巴格达，从空中进攻苏伊士运河。通过进攻苏伊士运河，英国军队将无法增援其在伊拉克的同僚。然而，穆斯塔法·凯末尔批评了这一计划，并予以猛烈抨击，断言其注定失败。但德国人无视他的反对和批评，除杰马勒帕夏外，没有人支持他的观点，因为杰马勒帕夏持有相同的看法。
The plan was to attack Baghdad by land and the Suez Canal by air. By attacking the Suez Canal, the British forces would be unable to reinforce their counterparts in Iraq. However, Mustafa Kemal criticised this plan and attacked it severely, declaring that it was doomed to failure. However, the Germans disregarded his opposition and his criticism and nobody supported his views except Jamal Pasha, for he held the same opinion.
事实上,这两位军官以憎恨德国人、主张国家退出战争而著称。因此,在与最高指挥部的讨论中,杰马勒帕夏站在穆斯塔法·凯末尔一边,但该计划仍在推进,因为总司令法尔肯海恩以及其他指挥官认为它是合理且会成功的。
Indeed, they were known to be the two officers who hated the Germans and who advocated the withdrawal of the State from the war. Hence, Jamal Pasha stood by Mustafa Kemal in their discussions with the high command, but the plan remained in process because the Commander in Chief Falkenhayn as well as the other commanders deemed it sound and successful.
然后，穆斯塔法·凯末尔与法尔肯海因之间的争执原因接连出现。一天，战时内阁召开会议，准备开始执行各项计划。会议在激烈的争论中进行，法尔肯海因用严厉的言辞对穆斯塔法·凯末尔讲话，穆斯塔法·凯末尔也以同样的态度回应。因此，穆斯塔法·凯末尔提交了辞呈，但安瓦尔拒绝了，并命令他返回高加索。然而，这一次穆斯塔法·凯末尔没有服从命令，拒绝前往，于是安瓦尔收回了命令，并认为摆脱这种荒谬局面、同时掩盖其叛逆行为的最佳办法，是批准他无限期病假。然而，法尔肯海因不同意这一休假，并建议将这位叛逆的指挥官交由军事法庭审判。最终，双方决定批准他休假。当时，穆斯塔法·凯末尔身在阿勒颇。他试图离开该城，并透露自己需要资金。当时他拥有十匹纯种马，想将其出售，却找不到买主。于是，杰马勒帕夏主动提出帮助他，他便给了他两千英镑，随后又送去了三千英镑。
Then the causes of the quarrel between Mustafa Kemal and Falkenhayn came in succession. One day, the war cabinet held a meeting to start executing the plans; the meeting was overshadowed by heated debates; Falkenhayn addressed Mustafa Kemal with harsh words and Mustafa Kemal for his part replied in kind. Consequently, Mustafa Kemal tabled his resignation but Anwar rejected it and ordered him to return to the Caucasus. However, Mustafa Kemal did not abide by the order this time and refused to go, thus Anwar retracted and deemed that the best style to get rid of such a bizarre situation and to conceal his rebellion was to grant him an indefinite sick leave. However Falkenhayn did not agree to this leave and suggested the prosecution of the rebel commander before a court marshal. Finally they settled on granting him leave. At the time Mustafa Kemal was in Aleppo. He attempted to leave the city and revealed that he needed money. At that time he owned ten thoroughbreds and wanted to sell them, but could not find a buyer. Upon this Jamal Pasha offered to help him, so he gave him £2000, and sent a further £3000
回到伊斯坦布尔后不久。因此，穆斯塔法·凯末尔采取这些行动，显然与奥斯曼帝国政府在与英国的冲突问题上持对立立场。
once he had returned to Istanbul. Therefore by adopting these activities, Mustafa Kemal appeared clearly to be at odds with the Ottoman State regarding her conflict with the British.