尽管异教徒们在如何瓜分穆斯林土地的问题上存在分歧,但他们在消灭伊斯兰这一想法上却完全一致。他们为此采取了多种手段。起初,他们煽动欧洲国家的民族主义和独立情绪,怂恿人民反抗伊斯兰国家,并向他们提供武器和资金以进行叛乱,塞尔维亚和希腊便是如此。通过这种方式,欧洲国家试图从背后捅伊斯兰国一刀。1798年7月,法国入侵并占领了埃及,随后又进军巴勒斯坦并将其占领。法国企图占领沙姆地区的其余土地,以便给伊斯兰国致命一击,但最终遭到失败,此后被迫撤离埃及,并将其所占领的土地交还给伊斯兰国。

Despite the differences amongst the Kuffar over the division of the Muslims’ lands, they were in full agreement of the idea to destroy Islam. They pursued several methods for this purpose. Initially, they aroused the feelings of nationalism and independence in the European countries. They incited people against the Islamic State and they supplied them with weapons and money in order to revolt against it, as was the case in Serbia and Greece. In this way, the European countries tried to stab the Islamic State in the back. France invaded Egypt and occupied it in July 1798, then marched onto Palestine and occupied it. France wanted to occupy the rest of Al-Sham in order to deal the Islamic State the fatal blow, but was however defeated, later being forced to leave Egypt and surrender the lands she had occupied back to the Islamic State.

英国曾试图通过其代理人阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·本·穆罕默德·本·沙特，从内部打击伊斯兰国。当时，瓦哈比派已设法在伊斯兰国内建立起一个政权，由穆罕默德·本·沙特领导，后由其子阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹接任。英国向他们提供武器和资金，他们便以教派为基础，去夺取那些处于哈里发统治之下的伊斯兰土地。

Britain had attempted through her agent Abdul-Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Saud to strike the Islamic State from within. The Wahhabis by then had managed to establish an entity within the Islamic State, led by Muhammad ibn Saud and later by his son Abdul-Aziz. Britain supplied them with weapons and money and they moved on a sectarian basis to seize the Islamic lands which were under the authority of the Khilafah.

他们拿起武器对抗哈里发，与伊斯兰武装力量（埃米尔·穆米尼之军）交战，而英国人始终在怂恿并支援他们。瓦哈比派想夺取哈里发统治的土地，以便按照他们的教法学派（Mathhab）来统治这些土地，并以武力镇压所有与他们不同的其他伊斯兰教法学派。因此，他们于1788年突袭科威特并占领了它，随后向北推进，直到围困了巴格达。他们想夺取卡尔巴拉和侯赛因的陵墓（愿真主喜悦他），将其摧毁并禁止探访。之后，1803年，他们对麦加发动进攻并占领了该城。1804年春，麦地那落入他们手中。他们摧毁了曾经覆盖先知ﷺ墓地的巨大圆顶，并剥去了上面所有的宝石和贵重装饰。在完全控制了整个希贾兹之后，他们又向沙姆进军。1810年，他们逼近霍姆斯，第二次进攻大马士革，同时也进攻了纳杰夫。大马士革英勇而光荣地进行了抵抗。然而，在围困大马士革的同时，瓦哈比派又同时向北推进，将其统治扩展到叙利亚的大部分地区，远至阿勒颇。众所周知，这次瓦哈比运动是由英国人策动的，因为沙特家族是英国的代理人。他们利用瓦哈比教法学派——它本是伊斯兰的，其创始人是一位穆智台希德——从事政治活动，目的是与伊斯兰国作战，并与其他教法学派发生冲突，以便在奥斯曼国家内部煽动教派战争。

They took up arms against the Khaleefah and fought the Islamic armed forces (the army of the Amir ul-Mu’mineen), all the time goaded and supplied by the British. The Wahhabis wanted to seize the lands ruled by the Khaleefah in order to rule these lands according to their Math’hab (school of thought), and suppress all the other Islamic Mathahib that differed from theirs by force. Hence, they raided Kuwait and occupied it in 1788, then marched northwards until they besieged Baghdad. They wanted to seize Karbalaa’ and the tomb of Al-Hussein (may Allah be pleased with him) to destroy it and ban the visiting of it. Then in 1803, they launched an attack on Makkah and occupied it. In the spring of 1804, Madinah fell under their control. They destroyed the huge domes which used to shade the grave of the Messenger of Allah (saw) and stripped them of all the gems and precious ornaments. Having completed their seizure of the whole of Al-Hijaz, they marched on towards Al-Sham. Nearing Hims in 1810 they attacked Damascus for a second time and they also attacked Al-Najaf. Damascus defended itself bravely and gloriously. However while besieging Damascus, the Wahhabis moved at the same time to the north and spread their authority over most of the Syrian lands as far as Aleppo. It was a well known fact that this Wahhabi campaign was instigated by the British, for Al Saud were British agents. They exploited the Wahhabi Math’hab, which was Islamic and whose founder was a Mujtahid, in political activities with the aim of fighting the Islamic State and clashing with the other Mathahib, in order to incite sectarian wars within the Ottoman state.

这一学派的追随者对此并不知情，但沙特的埃米尔和沙特家族却完全清楚。这是因为，双方的关系并非英国人与穆罕默德·伊本·阿卜杜勒-瓦哈卜之间的关系，而是英国人与阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·伊本·穆罕默德·伊本·沙特之间的关系，之后又与其子沙特之间的关系。

The followers of this Math’hab were unaware of this, but the Saudi Amir and the Saudis were fully aware. This is because the relationship was not between the British and Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab, but between the British and Abdul-Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Saud and then with his son Saud.

沙特家族对英国的勾结与效忠，是哈里发国家以及德国、法国、俄国等主要列强所熟知的事情。人们也清楚，他们是受英国操控的。

The brokerage and loyalty of Al Saud to the British was a well known matter to the Khilafah state and to the major powers such as Germany, France and Russia. It was also known that they were steered by the British.

英国人自己从来不掩饰他们作为国家支持沙特人的事实。此外，经由印度运抵他们手中的大量军火、装备，以及支付战争开支、装备武装力量的资金，都不过是英国的武器和金钱。因此，其他欧洲国家，尤其是法国，反对瓦哈比运动，因为它被视为一场英国的运动。哈里发国曾试图打击瓦哈比派，却徒劳无功，其在麦地那和巴格达的总督也无力遏制他们。于是，哈里发命令其驻埃及的总督穆罕默德·阿里派遣一支特遣部队去对付他们。他起初犹豫不决。事实上，他是法国的代理人，正是法国帮助他策动了埃及的政变并夺取政权，随后迫使哈里发承认了他的统治。于是，在法国的同意和怂恿下，穆罕默德·阿里于1811年响应了苏丹的要求，派遣其子图森前去与瓦哈比派作战。

The British themselves never used to conceal the fact that they supported the Saudis as a state. Furthermore, the huge arsenals and equipment which reached them via India and the finance to cover the war effort and to equip the armed forces were but British weapons and money. Therefore, the other European countries, especially France, were opposed to the Wahhabi campaign for it was considered a British campaign. The Khilafah State had tried to strike the Wahhabis but to no avail, and her Walis in Madinah and Baghdad were unable to curb them. As a result she instructed her Wali in Egypt Muhammad Ali, to dispatch a task force to deal with them. He hesitated at first. Indeed he was a French agent, and it was France who had helped him stage the coup in Egypt and seize power, then forced the Khilafah to recognise him. So on the basis of France’s agreement and incitement, Muhammad Ali responded to the Sultan’s demands in 1811 and dispatched his son Tosson to fight the Wahhabis.

几场战役在埃及军队与瓦哈比派之间爆发，埃及军队于1812年攻占了麦地那。随后在1816年，穆罕默德·阿里派遣其子易卜拉欣从开罗出发，击溃了瓦哈比派，使其退回首都阿德·迪利耶并在那里设防。此后，易卜拉欣于1818年4月对其展开围困。围困持续了整个夏季，直至1818年9月9日。

Several battles took place between the Egyptian army and the Wahhabis, and the Egyptian army managed to conquer Madinah in 1812. Then in 1816, Muhammad Ali sent his son Ibrahim from Cairo, who crushed the Wahhabis until they retreated to their capital, Al-Dir’iyyah and fortified themselves there. Thereafter, Ibrahim besieged them in April 1818. The siege continued all throughout the summer until 9th September 1818

当瓦哈比派投降之时。易卜拉欣的军队攻陷并彻底夷平了迪尔詹，据说他们犁平了那里，使其不留任何痕迹。这标志着英国人的这场战役就此结束。

when the Wahhabis capitulated. The armies of Ibrahim destroyed Al- Dir’iyyah and razed it completely. It was said that he ploughed it so that no trace of it was left. This marked the end of the British campaign.

法国随后试图通过其代理人、埃及总督穆罕默德·阿里从背后打击伊斯兰国。法国在国际和政治上公开支持他，于是他脱离哈里发，并对其宣战。1831年，他向沙姆进军，意图征服该地。他占领了巴勒斯坦、黎巴嫩和叙利亚，并开始渗透安纳托利亚。然而，哈里发派出一支强大的军队与他作战。英国、俄国以及两个德意志邦国转而反对穆罕默德·阿里。1840年7月，英国、俄国和两个德意志邦国结成了所谓的“四国同盟”，据此各国承诺捍卫奥斯曼国家的统一，并在必要时以武力迫使穆罕默德·阿里交出叙利亚。欧洲国家的这一立场扭转了国际局势，有利于哈里发。它帮助抵抗穆罕默德·阿里，并将其逐出叙利亚、巴勒斯坦和黎巴嫩。穆罕默德·阿里随后返回埃及，并接受了在哈里发权威之下担任总督的身份。

France then attempted to strike the Islamic State from the back through her agent Muhammad Ali, the Wali of Egypt. France openly supported him internationally and politically, and he broke away from the Khaleefah and declared war against it. He marched towards Al-Sham in 1831 with the aim of conquering it. He occupied Palestine, Lebanon and Syria and started to infiltrate Anatolia. However, the Khaleefah dispatched a strong army to fight him. Britain, Russia and two of the German states turned against Muhammad Ali. In July 1840, Britain, Russia and two German states held what became known as the "Quadrilateral Alliance", according to which these states would undertake to defend the unity of the Ottoman State and to oblige Muhammad Ali, by force if necessary, to surrender Syria. This stand taken by the European countries turned the international situation in favour of the Khaleefah. It helped to resist Muhammad Ali and drive him out of Syria, Palestine and Lebanon. Muhammad Ali returned to Egypt whereupon he accepted to be a Wali under the authority of the Khaleefah.