10.7 现代主义者的行动指南
10.7 The Modernist Playbook
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Use this handy guide to easily dispute every normative claim Islam makes that violates modern liberal secular values. Using these rebuttals, you can justify virtually anything and make it seem like the Islamic scholarly tradition is on your side. With this guide you can undermine those pesky traditional Muslims and champion your reformist Islam all the while coming across as a nuanced and learned scholar in your own right.
传统派学者:"关于这个问题,已有共识。"
Traditionalist: “There is consensus on this topic.”.
现代主义者的反驳:"实际上,共识是一个极具争议的问题。"
Modernist Rebuttal: “Actually, consensus is a highly contested issue.”.
传统派学者说:"这些圣训是**mutawatir**(即广泛流传、经由大量传述者代代相传的圣训)。"
Traditionalist: “These narrations are mutawatir (i.e., mass transmitted).”.
现代主义者的反驳:"实际上,传闻互证(tawatur)是一个争议很大的问题。"
Modernist Rebuttal: “Actually, tawatur is a highly contested issue.”.
"传统派:这是逊尼派四大教法学派所依据的主流观点。"
Traditionalist: “This is the relied upon view of the four Sunni schools.”.
现代主义者的反驳:“我们不必局限于各学派的观点,因为我们今天生活在不同的环境之中。”
Modernist Rebuttal: “We don’t have to limit ourselves to the schools because we live in a different context today.”.
“这是某一学派中既定的立场。”
Traditionalist: “This is an established position in one school.”.
“现代主义者的反驳:‘大多数学者持相反观点,所以我们可以抛弃少数派的观点。’”
Modernist Rebuttal: “Well, the majority of scholars say otherwise, so we can trash the minority position.”
传统派:"这是多数人的主张。"
Traditionalist: “This is the majority position.”.
“现代主义者的反驳:‘好吧,有一种少数派的观点持相反看法,因此我们可以放心地忽视多数人的观点。’”
Modernist Rebuttal: “Well, there is a minority position that says otherwise, so we can safely ignore the majority.”.
"传统派学者:‘这节经文是qat‘i(即明确无误)。’"
Traditionalist: “This ayah is qat`i (i.e., clear cut).”.
现代主义者的反驳:"不,它不是。"
Modernist Rebuttal: “No it’s not.”.
传统派学者:"这段圣训毫不含糊。"
Traditionalist: “This hadith is unequivocal.”.
现代主义者的反驳:
Modernist Rebuttal:
“但这是一则āḥād圣训,所以我们可以放心地不予理会。”
“But it is an ahad hadith, so we can safely ignore it.”.
"传统主义者":"这是该学派内部最有力的立场。"
Traditionalist: “This is the strongest position within the school.”.
现代主义者的反驳:“但有一条孤传(单独传述的)圣门弟子的言论与该立场相矛盾,因此我们可以放心地忽略它。”
Modernist Rebuttal: “But there is a solitary narration relaying the statement of a Sahabi that contradicts that position, so we can safely ignore it.”.
传统学者:"关于这些经文,大多数的tafsir(注释)传达的是相同的解释。"
Traditionalist: “Most of the tafasir on these ayat convey the same interpretation.”.
现代主义者的反驳:"是的,但有一部注释书的说法略有不同,这就证明其他注释书是文化偏见的产物。"
Modernist Rebuttal: “Yeah, but there is one tafsir that says something slightly different, so that proves that the other tafasir are the result of cultural bias.”.
传统主义者:“fuqaha(即伊斯兰法学家)在此问题上意见一致。”
Traditionalist: “The fuqaha (i.e., Islamic jurists) are agreed on this.”.
现代主义者的反驳:"fuqaha(法学家)在圣训知识上是有局限的。我们必须看看 muhaddithun(即圣训学家)是怎么说的。"
Modernist Rebuttal: “The fuqaha are limited in their knowledge of hadith. We have to look at what the muhaddithun (i.e., hadith specialists) said.”.
“传统派:‘圣训学者们在此问题上意见一致。’”
Traditionalist: “The muhaddithun are agreed on this.”.