4.6 关于刑罚（Hudud）、腐败与平等的圣训
4.6 Hadith On Hudud, Corruption, And Equality
平等是伊斯兰伦理的一个关键组成部分。但并非所有关于"平等"的观念都是相同的。例如，现代自由主义的平等观念与古典自由主义思想家所主张的平等观念存在显著分歧。比如，在美国开国元勋看来，禁止妇女和黑人投票或拥有财产，与他们对平等的理解是完全一致的。
Equality is a crucial component of Islamic ethics. But not all notions of “equality” are the same. The modern liberal notion of equality, for example, significantly diverges from the notion of equality propounded by classical liberal thinkers. For example, according to America’s founding fathers, barring women and blacks from voting or owning property was perfectly consistent with their understanding of equality.
尽管如此，关于公正与平等，先知的一句圣训中有一段非常明确的表述，载于《古兰经》之后最可靠的圣训集之一《布哈里圣训实录》中，内容如下：
Be that as it may, one very explicit expression of equality as it relates to justice from the sayings of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم is found in Sahih Bukhari as follows:
乌萨马为一名犯了盗窃罪的妇女向先知ﷺ求情。先知ﷺ说："在你们之前的人之所以灭亡，是因为他们对穷人执行刑罚，而对富人则予以宽恕。以掌握我灵魂的主起誓！即使法蒂玛（先知ﷺ的女儿）做了这件事（即盗窃），我也会砍断她的手。"
Usama approached the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم on behalf of a woman who had committed theft. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “The people before you were destroyed because they used to inflict the legal punishments on the poor and forgive the rich. By Him in Whose Hand my soul is! If Fatima (the daughter of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم (did that (i.e. stole), I would cut off her hand.”
另一则关于此事的圣训，提供了更多细节：
Another narration on the matter that provides further details:
古莱什人对那位犯下盗窃罪的麦赫祖姆氏族妇女深感忧虑。
“The Quraish became very worried about the Makhzumiya lady who had committed theft.
他们说:“没有人敢在安拉的使者ﷺ面前为那位妇人求情,除了安拉的使者ﷺ所宠爱的乌萨马,没有人敢这样做。”当乌萨马就此事向安拉的使者ﷺ说情时,安拉的使者ﷺ说:“你要为了违犯安拉的一项刑罚而替人求情吗?”然后他起身向众人讲话,说:“众人啊!在你们之前的民族之所以迷失,是因为当有地位的人偷窃时,他们便放过他;而当其中软弱的人偷窃时,他们便对他执行刑罚。我指安拉发誓,即使穆罕默德的女儿法蒂玛偷窃,穆罕默德也会斩断她的手!”
They said, “Nobody can speak (in favor of the lady) to Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم and nobody dares do that except Usama who is the favorite of Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم. “When Usama spoke to Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم about that matter, Allah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Do you intercede (with me) to violate one of the legal punishments of Allah?” Then he got up and addressed the people, saying, “O people! The nations before you went astray because if a noble person committed theft, they used to leave him, but if a weak person among them committed theft, they used to inflict the legal punishment on him. By Allah, if Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad committed theft, Muhammad would cut off her hand!”
一些非穆斯林可能对体罚感到反感，但我实在看不出，理性的非穆斯林为何要自动排除这种惩罚作为严重盗窃行为威慑手段的可能性。看看今天的世界：投资银行和大型企业毫不犹豫地实施全球性欺诈，实际上从公众手中窃取了数十亿美元，并引发了过去几十年间震撼全球的各种金融危机。即便其中一些银行家被判定犯有这些罪行，他们可曾在牢里待过一天？绝对没有！他们最多只是被罚款。试想一下：你偷了十亿美元，却只需缴纳几百万美元的罚金。在我看来，这简直是一笔很划算的买卖。可再看看许多国家的“司法”系统如何严厉对待穷人的小额犯罪。偷一台廉价电视机，就可能被判监禁数年。这怎么能称得上相称？公平又在哪里？投资银行的企业不法行为和违法行为，给世界各地造成了难以估量的苦难，数以百万计的人失去工作、失去住所，甚至失去生命。这些罪行，真正应当受到断手之刑。
Some non-Muslims may bristle at the idea of corporal punishment, but I certainly don’t see why reasonable non-Muslims should automatically disqualify the possibility of such punishment as a deterrent for egregious theft. Look at today’s world, where investment banks and major corporations have no qualms committing fraud on a global scale, literally stealing billions of dollars from the public and causing all manner of financial crises that have rocked the world over the past decades. Even when some of these bankers were convicted of committing these crimes, did they serve a day in jail? Absolutely not! At most they were fined. Imagine that: you steal a billion dollars and only have to pay a fine of a few million dollars. Sounds like a great profit margin to me. But look at how harshly the “justice” system in many countries treats petty crime by the poor. Steal a cheap TV and you could face years in prison. How is that proportional? Where is the equality there? Corporate malfeasance and illegality on the part of investment banks have resulted in immeasurable suffering the world over as millions of people lost their jobs, lost their homes, and lost their lives. These are crimes that truly deserve hand-cutting.
无论如何，先知ﷺ曾预先警告过这种不义所带来的后果；作为这些国家的公民和居民，这对我们所有人来说都是坏消息。
In any case, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم forewarned the results of such injustice and as citizens and residents of these nations, that is bad news for all of us.