Huzuni - Katika Kivuli cha Qur'ani | Quran Course

Huzuni - Katika Kivuli cha Qur'ani | Quran Course

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Huzuni

Sad

by Sayyid Qutb3 min readViewed 203 times

Utangulizi

Prologue

Sūrah hii ilifunuliwa Makka, na inashughulikia masuala matatu: umoja wa Mungu, wahyi, na hesabu siku ya Hukumu. Masuala haya matatu yanajadiliwa katika sehemu yake ya kwanza yenye aya 16. Hapa kunaelezwa mshangao wa wazee wa Makka kwa wito wa Mtume kwao wa kuamini umoja wa Mungu na kwamba yeye alichaguliwa na Mungu kuwa Mtume Wake ﷺ. "Wanashangazwa kwamba mmoja miongoni mwao amewajia kuwaonya. Makafiri husema: 'Huyu ni mchawi mwongo. Je, amezifanya miungu yote kuwa Mungu mmoja? Hakika hili ni jambo la ajabu kabisa!' Viongozi wao huzunguka wakisema: 'Ondokeni, shikamaneni na miungu yenu; hili ndilo jambo la kufanya. Kamwe hatukusikia kitu kama hiki katika dini yoyote ya zama za mwisho! Haya ni uzushi tu. Je, ujumbe umeshushwa kwake yeye peke yake miongoni mwetu sote?'" (Aya 4-8) Katika aya hizi pia tunaelezwa jinsi walivyopokea maonyo ya Mungu ya adhabu katika maisha ya Akhera: "Husema: 'Mola wetu! Tuletee sehemu yetu ya adhabu hata kabla ya Siku ya Hesabu.'" (Aya 16)

Revealed in Makkah, this sūrah addresses three issues: God’s oneness, revelation, and the reckoning on the Day of Judgement. These three issues are discussed in its first part comprising 16 verses. Here the Makkan elders’ amazement at the Prophet’s call on them to believe in God’s oneness and that he was chosen by God to be His Messenger is described. “They deem it strange that one from among them has come to warn them. The unbelievers say: ‘This is a sorcerer telling lies. Does he make all the gods into one God? This is indeed most strange!’ Their leaders go about saying: ‘Walk away, and hold steadfastly to your deities: this is the only thing to do. Never did we hear of a claim like this in any faith of latter days! It is all an invention. Was the message given to him alone out of all of us?’” (Verses 4-8) In these verses we are also told how they met God’s warnings of punishment in the life to come: “They say: Our Lord! Hasten to us our share of punishment even before the Day of Reckoning.” (Verse 16)

Hadithi hizi zinaunda sehemu ya pili na kuu ya sura hii. Pia zina jibu kwa wasiomwamini wanaoharakisha adhabu ya Mungu, zikionyesha tukio la Siku ya Hukumu, zikielezea furaha inayowangoja wenye kumcha Mungu, na moto unaowaka unaowangoja wale wanaokataa haki. Thamani za haki zimethibitika vyema katika maisha ya Akhera, na hizo ndizo kipimo cha hukumu. Wakuu wenye kiburi wa Makka watatambua hili watakapoona hatima yao na kuilinganisha na ile ya wanyonge ambao waliwadharau, wakidai kwamba rehema ya Mungu haitaonyeshwa kamwe kwa watu dhaifu kama hao. Taswira iliyoelezwa hapa inatoa picha zinazotofautiana: "Wenye kumcha Mungu hakika watakuwa na mahali pazuri pa kurejea: bustani za furaha ya milele, zikiwa na milango iliyo wazi kwao. Watakaa humo kwa starehe, nao wataomba matunda mengi na kinywaji, na watakuwa na wake wanaolingana nao, wenye kutazama kwa unyenyekevu." (Aya 49-52) Kwa upande mwingine, "wale wanaovuka mipaka ya haki watakuwa na mahali pabaya kabisa pa kurejea: jahannamu watakayoingia; na pabaya ni mahali pa kupumzikia. Basi na waonje haya: maji ya moto yanayochemka na chakula cha giza chenye kuchukiza, na pamoja na hayo, mateso mengine ya aina kama hiyo." (Aya 55-58) Watabishana, watagombana na kulaaniana wao kwa wao motoni, nao watakumbuka jinsi walivyowadhihaki waumini: "Watasema: Vipi tusiwaone hapa watu ambao tulikuwa tukiwaona waovu, na ambao tuliwafanya shabaha ya dhihaka zetu? Au ni kwamba macho yetu yamewakosa?" (Aya 62-63) Hawawezi kuwapata watu kama hao motoni, kwa sababu wao ndio walio wa peponi. Hili ndilo jibu la kuharakisha kwao adhabu ya Mungu na pia kwa dhihaka yao kwa waumini. Taswira hii inaunda sehemu ya tatu ya sura hii.

These stories form the second and major part of the sūrah. It also includes a reply to the unbelievers’ hastening of God’s punishment, presenting a scene from the Day of Judgement, describing the happiness that awaits the God-fearing and the blazing fire that awaits those who reject the truth. The values of truth are well established in the life to come, providing the criterion for judgement. The arrogant Makkan chiefs will realize this when they see their fate and compare it with that of the weak elements on whom they poured their derision, claiming that God’s mercy would never he shown to those so weak. The scene so described provides contrasting images: “The God-fearing will certainly have a good place to return to: gardens of perpetual bliss, with gates wide open to them. They will he comfortably seated there, and they will call for abundant fruit and drink, having beside them well-matched mates of modest gaze.” (Verses 49-52) On the other hand, “those who transgress the bounds of what is right will have the most evil place to return to: hell will they have to endure; and how evil a resting place. Let them, then, taste this: a scalding fluid and a dark, disgusting food, and coupled with it, further [suffering! of a similar nature.” (Verses 55-58) They will argue, quarrel and curse one another in hell, and they will remember how they used to ridicule the believers: “They will say: How is it that we do not see here men whom we considered to be wicked, and whom we made the target of our derision? Or is it that our eyes have missed them?” (Verses 62-63) They cannot find such people in hell, because they are the ones who belong to heaven. This then is the answer to both their hastening of God’s punishment and their ridicule of the believers. This scene forms the third part of the sūrah.