15.2 Ufafanuzi wa 'Aamm
15.2 Specification Of The ‘aamm
Usemi wa 'aamm unaweza kugawanywa katika makundi matatu makuu kulingana na muktadha wa aya ambamo unapatikana na sheria au kanuni zilizokusudiwa.71
The ‘aamm expression may be divided into three main categories in relationship to the context of the verses in which they occur and the laws or principles which were intended.71
Kwanza, kuna usemi wa 'aamm ambao unabaki wa jumla. Aina hii haina mifano mingi kwa sababu jumla nyingi hubainishwa kwa njia moja au nyingine. Hata hivyo, mfano unaweza kupatikana katika aya,
First, there is the ‘aamm expression which remains general. This category does not have many examples because most generalities are specified in one way or another. However, an example can be found in the verse,
"Na Allah anajua kila (kull) kitu," 72
“And Allaah knows all (kull) things,” 72
kwa sababu ujuzi wa Allaah ni kamili kabisa. Mfano mwingine unapatikana katika aya isemayo,
since Allaah’s knowledge is absolute. Another example can be found in the verse,
"Mama zenu (ummahaatukum) mmefanywa kuwa haramu kwenu (kuoana nao)," 73
“Your mothers (ummahaatukum) have been made forbidden (in marriage) to you,” 73
kwa kuwa hakuna ubaguzi katika sheria hii, iwe ni mama wa kweli, mama wa kambo, mama wa mume au mke, au mama kwa njia ya ridaa‘ (kunyonya).
as there are no exceptions to this law, whether they be real mothers, stepmothers, mothers-in-law, or mothers by ridaa‘ (suckling).
Pili, kuna 'aam ya kimajazi ambayo maana ya jumla ya usemi haikukusudiwa kabisa; kwa mfano, aya isemayo,
Second, there is the figurative ‘aam in which the general meaning of the expression was never intended; for example, the verse,
"Wale ambao watu (an-naas) waliwaambia, 'Watu wamekusanyika dhidi yenu, basi waogopeni.' " 74
“Those to whom the people (an-naas) said, ‘The people have gathered against you, so fear them.’ ” 74
Neno la kwanza "watu" linamaanisha hasa Nu'aym ibn Mas'ood, na la pili linamaanisha Abu Sufyaan na jeshi la Quraysh, wala si watu wote kwa jumla kama ambavyo neno hilo linavyodokeza.75
The first expression “the people” refers specifically to Nu‘aym ibn Mas‘ood and the second refers to Aboo Sufyaan and the Qurayshee army, and not the generality which the expression implies.75
Na tatu, kuna 'aam mahsusi (al-'aam al-makhsus), ambapo ujumla wa neno la 'aam unafafanuliwa na mojawapo ya maneno au misemo inayobainisha. Kwa mfano, amri ya Allah katika Qur'aan,
And third, there is the specified ‘aam, wherein the generality of the ‘aam expression is qualified by one of the specifying words or phrases. For example, Allaah’s command in the Qur’aan,
“Hija kwenda Nyumbani (Al-Ka‘bah) ni wajibu kwa Allah juu ya watu (an-naas) wale wenye uwezo wa kupata njia ya kufika huko.” 76
“Hajj to the House (the Ka‘bah) is an obligation to Allaah on all people (an-naas) who are able to find a way there.” 76
Ujumla wa "watu wote" unabainishwa na kifungu cha kivumishi kinachofuata.
The generality of “all people” is specified by the adjectival clause following it
71 Angalia al-Itqaan, juzuu ya 3, kurasa 44-5.
71 See al-Itqaan, vol.3, pp. 44-5.
Sūrat an-Nisāʾ (4):176
72 Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):176.
Sūrat an-Nisā' (4):23
73 Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):23.
Sūrah Āl ʿImrān (3):173.
74 Soorah Aal ‘Imraan (3):173.
Al-Itqaan, juzuu ya 3, uk. 45.
75 Al-Itqaan, vol. 3, p. 45.
Sura Al-‘Imraan (3):97.
76 Soorah Aal ‘Imraan (3):97.