Lahaja na Usomaji
9 Dialects And Recitations
Ingawa Kiarabu kilikuwa lugha ya kawaida kote katika Rasi ya Arabia, mazingira tofauti na historia za makabila mbalimbali zilizaa lahaja nyingi tofauti. Katika baadhi ya visa, kila kabila lilitumia maneno tofauti kuelezea kitu kile kile. Kwa mfano, baadhi ya makabila yalimwita simba "asad," wakati makabila mengine yalimwita "layth," "hamzah," "hafs," au "ghadanfar." Katika visa vingine, tofauti zilijitokeza katika jinsi herufi fulani zilivyotamkwa kutokana na tofauti za irabu. Hata hivyo, baada ya muda lahaja ya kabila la Quraysh ilijitokeza miongoni mwa lahaja mbalimbali kuwa lahaja maarufu zaidi. Lahaja ya Kiquraysh ilipata heshima zaidi kuliko lahaja zote kwa sababu zifuatazo za msingi:
Although Arabic was the common language throughout the Arabian peninsula, the different environments and histories of the various tribes produced a wide variety of dialects. In some cases, each tribe used different words to describe the same object. For example, some tribes called the lion an “ asad,” while other tribes called it a “ layth,” “hamzah,” “hafs,” or a “ghadanfar.” In other cases, differences occurred in the way certain letters were pronounced due to vowelling differences. However, in time the dialect of the tribe of Quraysh emerged from among the various dialects as the most prominent dialect. The Qurayshee dialect became the most respected of all the dialects for the following basic reasons:
1. Makka na eneo lake lililoizunguka, pamoja na Kaaba, zilikuwa sehemu ya ardhi ya makabila ya Quraysh. Kila moja ya makabila mbalimbali lilikuwa na masanamu yanayowakilisha miungu yake ya kikabila, yaliyowekwa ndani ya Kaaba na karibu nayo. Kwa hiyo Kaaba ilichukuliwa kuwa kitovu cha kiroho kwa makabila yote ya Kiarabu, na hija kwenda katika mahali hapo ilifanyika mwaka mzima.
1. Makkah and its surrounding area, including the shrine of the Ka‘bah, were part of the tribal lands of the Quraysh. Each of the various tribes had idols representing their various tribal gods placed in and around the Ka‘bah. Thus the Ka‘bah was considered the spiritual center for all of the Arabian tribes, and pilgrimage to the shrine was made throughout the year.
2. Wakati wa mwezi wa hijja, mahujaji kutoka kabila zote walikuwa wakija Makka ili kutekeleza ibada za hijja. Desturi hii ilianzishwa na Nabii Ibrahim na wanawe walipojenga Kaaba mara ya kwanza, nayo iliendelea kuwa desturi miongoni mwa wazao wao wa Kiarabu; hata hivyo, mila nyingi za uongo zinazohusisha ushirikina na ushirikina wa khurafa ziliongezwa katika ibada za asili. Kabila la Quraysh lilijichukulia jukumu binafsi la kutoa maji ya kunywa (siqaayah) kwa mahujaji wote na wanyama wao. Hili lilifanywa bila malipo kama ushahidi wa ukarimu na utukufu wao. Hivyo, Quraysh walishikilia nafasi ya sifa kubwa miongoni mwa Waarabu.
2. During the month of hajj, pilgrims from all of the tribes used to come to Makkah in order to perform the rites of hajj. This practice was started by Prophet Ibraheem and his sons when they first built the Ka‘bah and it remained a practice among their Arabian descendants; however, many false rituals involving idolatry and superstition were added to the original rites. The Quraysh took personal responsibility for supplying drinking water (siqaayah) for all of the pilgrims and their animals. This was done free of charge as evidence of their generosity and nobility. Thus, the Quraysh were held in a highly praiseworthy position among the Arabs.
3. Makka ilikuwa kwenye makutano ya njia zote kuu za biashara kati ya Shamu upande wa kaskazini na Uajemi, na Yemen na Afrika upande wa kusini. Kwa sababu hiyo, tabaka la wafanyabiashara wa Quraish likawa tabaka tajiri zaidi miongoni mwa koo za Arabia, na jambo hilo likasababisha heshima kubwa aliyopewa kabila la Quraish na makabila mbalimbali ya Arabia.
3. Makkah stood at the junction of all the major trade routes between Syria and Persia to the north, and Yemen and Africa to the south. As a result, the Qurayshee trading class became the richest class among the families in Arabia, which in turn led to the great respect that was given to the Qurayshee tribe by the various tribes of Arabia.