6.2 Ufunuo wa Pili
6.2 The Second Revelation
Kutoka mbingu ya chini kabisa, sehemu za Qur'aan zilishushwa na malaika Jibril hadi kwa Mtume Muhammad ﷺ. Mchakato huu wa kuteremshiwa Wahyi uliendelea kwa miaka ishirini na mitatu ya utume wake. Wahyi huu ulianza kwa aya tano za kwanza za Surat al-'Alaq. Aya hizi ziliteremshiwa Mtume ﷺ.
From the lowest heaven sections of the Qur’aan were then taken down by the angel Jibreel to Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). This process of revelation continued over the twenty-three years of his prophethood. This revelation began with the first five verses of Soorah al-‘Alaq. These verses were revealed to the Prophet (ﷺ)
alipokuwa katika kujitenga kwa ibada katika pango la Hiraa' karibu na Makkah.42 Hata hivyo, sura kamili ya kwanza kushuka ilikuwa Suratul-Faatihah. 43 Kushuka kwa sehemu hii ya Qur'aan kuliashiria mwanzo wa awamu ya mwisho ya utume. Sura ya mwisho kushuka ilikuwa Suratu An-Nasr. 44 Sura hii ilishushwa Minaa wakati wa Hijja ya Kuaga ya Mtume ﷺ, iliyofanyika mwishoni mwa mwaka wa kumi baada ya Hijra. Kwa mujibu wa Ibn 'Abbaas, aya ya mwisho kushuka ilikuwa aya ya 281 katika Suratul-Baqarah, aya ya mwisho katika mfululizo wa aya zinazohusu riba.45 Allaah amerejelea ufunuo wa pili kwa namna ifuatayo:
while he was on a spiritual retreat in the cave of Hiraa’ near Makkah.42 However, the first complete soorah to be revealed was Soorah al-Faatihah. 43 The revelation of this portion of Qur’aan marked the beginning of the final phase of prophethood. The last soorah to be revealed was Soorah an-Nasr. 44 This soorah was brought down in Minaa during the Farewell Hajj of the Prophet (ﷺ), which took place at the end of the tenth year after the Hijrah. According to Ibn ‘Abbaas, the last verse to be revealed was verse 281 in Soorah al-Baqarah, the last of a series of verses dealing with interest.45 Allaah has referred to the second revelation in the following way:
“Na (ni) Qur’ani ambayo nimeigawanya sehemu sehemu ili uisomee watu taratibu, nami nimeiteremsha kwa wahyi wa mfululizo.” 46
“And (it is) a Qur’aan which I have divided into parts in order that you (Muhammad) may recite it to the people gradually, and I have revealed it by successive revelation.” 46
42 Imepokewa na ‘Aa’ishah na kukusanywa na al-Bukhaaree (Sahih Al-Bukhari, juz. 1, uk. 2-4, na. 3)
42 Reported by ‘Aa’ishah and collected by al-Bukhaaree (Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol. 1, pp. 2-4, no. 3)
na Muslim (Sahih Muslim, juzuu ya 1, kur. 96-8, na. 301).
and Muslim (Sahih Muslim, vol. 1, pp. 96-8, no. 301).
43 Imekusanywa na al-Bayhaqee katika Dalaa'il an-Nuboowah na al-Waahidee katika Asbaab an-Nuzool. As-Suyootee alisema kuwa wapokezi wake ni wa kuaminika, lakini isnadi yake ni mursal. Angalia al-Itqaan, juz. 1, ukurasa wa 70-71.
43 Collected by al-Bayhaqee in Dalaa’il an-Nuboowah and al-Waahidee in Asbaab an-Nuzool. AsSuyootee said its narrators were reliable but the isnaad is mursal. See al-Itqaan, vol. 1, pp.70-71.
Huo ndio ulikuwa msimamo wa Ibn ‘Abbaas, kama ulivyokusanywa na Imaam Muslim (Sahih Muslim, juzuu ya 4, uk. 1554, namba 7174-5). Masahaba wengine walikuwa na maoni tofauti. Angalia al-Itqaan, juzuu ya 1, kurasa 77-81.
44 That was Ibn ‘Abbaas’s opinion, as collected by Imaam Muslim (Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, p. 1554, nos. 7174-5). Other sahaabah had differing opinions. See al-Itqaan, vol. 1, pp. 77-81.
Imepokelewa na al-Bukhaaree (Sahih Al-Bukhari, juz. 6, uk. 51, na. 67). Aya hii, "Na jilindeni na siku ambayo mtarejeshwa kwa Allaah; kisha kila nafsi italipwa kikamilifu kile ilichokichuma, nao hawatadhulumiwa," haikuhusisha nyongeza yoyote katika sheria za Kiislamu, kwa hiyo hakuna mgongano kati ya riwaya hii na kauli ya Allaah katika Suratul-Maaidah (5):3, iliyoteremshwa katika Hijja ya Kuaga, "Leo nimekukamilishia dini yenu."
45 Collected by al-Bukhaaree (Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol. 6, p. 51, no. 67). This verse, “And guard yourselves against a day when you will be brought back to Allaah; then every soul will be paid in full what it earned, and they will not be wronged,” did not involve an addition to Islaamic legislation, therefore there is no contradiction between this report and the statement of Allaah in Soorah al-Maa’idah (5):3, revealed at the Farewell Hajj, “This day I have completed your deen for you.”
Sura al-Israa' (17):106
46 Soorah al-Israa’ (17):106