Agar kumush nisob miqdoriga yetsa va uning ustidan bir yil o'tsa, unda zakot — to'rtdan bir qism, ya'ni nisob bo'lgan 200 dirhamdan besh dirham vojib bo'ladi. Bu Sunnat bilan sobit bo'lgan. Abu Bakr As-Siddiqdan rivoyat qilinadi: Nabiy ﷺ dedilar: "Riqqada zakot — to'rtdan bir." Ar-riqqa — zarb qilingan kumushdir. Buxoriy Nabiy ﷺ ning so'zini rivoyat qilgan: "Har qirq dirhamdan bittadan riqqa sadaqasini olib keling, yuz to'qsonda esa hech narsa vojib emas." Muhammad ibn Abdurrahmon al-Ansariydan rivoyat qilinadi, u aytdi: Rasulullah ﷺ kitobida va Umar kitobida sadaqa haqida shunday yozilgan: "Kumushdan 200 dirham bo'lmaguncha hech narsa olinmaydi." Zakot nisobida vojib bo'ladigan besh dirham 14,875 grammga teng, chunki bir dirhamning og'irligi 2,975 grammdir.
If silver reaches the Nisab of Zakat and a full year passes over it, then quarter-tithe is obliged in it i.e. five Dirhams are obliged in the Nisab which is 200 Dirhams. This has been established by the Sunnah. On the authority of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq it is narrated that the Prophet (saw) said: “Quarter-tithe in the Riqqa.” Ar-riqqa is the minted silver. Bukhari narrated the Prophet (saw) ’s saying: “Bring the Sadaqah of the Riqqa as a Dirham for every forty, and there is nothing due on one hundred and ninety.” From Muhammad (saw) b. Abdur Rahman al-Ansari who said that in the book of the Messenger of Allah (saw) , and the book of ‘Umar, on Sadaqah there is the following: “Nothing is taken from silver until it reaches 200 Dirhams.” The five Dirhams obliged in the Nisab of Zakat are equivalent to 14.875 grams, as the dirham’s weight is 2.975 grams.
Oltinning nisobi va unda vojib bo‘ladigan zakot.
The Nisab amount of Gold and what Zakat is Obliged in it.
Oltinning zakot farz bo‘ladigan eng kam miqdori 20 dinordir. Agar u 20 dinordan kam bo‘lsa, hatto bir qirot (qirat) ham kam bo‘lsa, unga zakot farz bo‘lmaydi. Ali ibn Abu Solib rivoyat qilinishicha, u aytgan: “Har 20 dinorda yarim dinor, har 40 dinorda bir dinor (zakot) lozim bo‘ladi.” Amr ibn Shu’ayb otasidan, u bobosidan, u Payg‘ambarimizdan ﷺ rivoyat qiladi, u zot aytdilar: “20 misqaldan kam bo‘lgan oltinga sadaqa yo‘qdir.” Oltin barcha qismlari bilan birga hisobga olinadi: butunidan tortib siniqigacha, zarb qilinganidan (madhruba) tortib, changsimon (tibr) yoki quyma bo‘laklarigacha (sabaik) — barchasi miqdor jihatidan bir butun sifatida hisoblanadi.
The least amount of gold in which Zakat is obliged is 20 Dinars. If it is less than 20 Dinars, even by only one (Qirat), then no Zakat is obliged in it. Ali b. Abi Talib was reported to have said: “One-half Dinar in every 20 Dinars, and one Dinar (is due) in every forty Dinars.” From Amru b. Shuaib from his father from his grandfather from the Prophet (saw) who said: “There is no Sadaqah on whatever is less than 20 Mithqal of gold.” Gold is counted together in all its parts, from the unbroken to the broken, the coined (Madhruba), to the dust (Tibr) or ingots (Sabaik), all is counted as one with regards to the amount.
Oltinning nisobida zakot sifatida vojib bo'ladigan narsa esa choraklik ulush (2,5%) hisoblanadi, ya'ni nisobda yigirma dinordan yarim dinor, va yuqorida zikr qilingan hadis asosida qirk dinordan bir dinor.
As for what is obliged in the Nisab of gold as Zakat, this is quarter-tithe (2.5%) i.e. one-half Dinar in the Nisab, which is 20 Dinars, and one Dinar in forty Dinars due to the above-mentioned Hadith.
Nisobdan ortiq bo‘lgan har qanday miqdor bir xil hisob-kitobga, ya’ni chorakdan bir qism (qirqdan bir) zakotga tortiladi, ortiqcha miqdor oz bo‘lsinmi yoki ko‘p bo‘lsinmi. Bu chorva mollari qoidasidan farq qiladi, unda ikki nisob miqdori orasidagi narsa kechiriladi, shuning uchun unda zakot yo‘q. Oltin va kumushga kelsak, nisobdan ustiga qo‘shilgan har bir miqdorda zakot bor, va faqat bitta nisob bor. Nisobdan ortiq bo‘lgan miqdor nisobning hukmiga ega bo‘ladi va uning zakoti undiriladi, ya’ni undan chorakdan bir qism (qirqdan bir) olinadi.
Whatever is more than the Nisab of gold and silver is subject to the same assessment, i.e. quarter-tithe, whatever the increase, whether small or large. This is different from the rule of livestock where what is between two Nisab amounts is forgiven such that there is no Zakat in it. As for gold and silver, there is Zakat in every increase upon the Nisab, and there is only one Nisab. Whatever is more than the Nisab takes the rule of the Nisab and its Zakat is collected i.e. quarter-tithe is taken from it.
Oltin nisobining og'irligi 20 dinor bo'lib, 85 gramm oltinni tashkil etadi. Zakot nisobida belgilangan yarim dinorning og'irligi esa 2,125 gramm oltinni tashkil etadi, chunki bir dinorning og'irligi 4,25 gramm oltinga teng.
The weight of the Nisab of gold of 20 Dinars is 85 grams of gold. The weight of the half-Dinar obliged in the Nisab of Zakat is 2.125 grams gold as the Dinar’s weight is 4.25 grams of gold.
Oltin va kumush nisobiga yil to'liq o'tmasa, zakot vojib bo'lmaydi; nisob yil boshidan oxirigacha to'liq bo'lishi kerak. Oisha roziyallohu anhodan rivoyat qilinadi: u dedi: «Men Allohning Elchisi ﷺ shunday deganlarini eshitdim: "Mol-mulkda, uning ustidan bir yil o'tmaguncha, zakot yo'q."» Yil boshida oltin yoki kumushning nisobidan kam miqdorga ega bo'lgan, so'ngra yil oxirigacha nisobni to'ldirish uchun boylik topgan kishiga kelsak, uning yili nisob to'lgan paytdan boshlanadi. Shunday qilib, to'liq bir yil o'tgandagina unga zakot vojib bo'ladi.
No Zakat is obliged on the Nisab of gold and silver except if a full year passes over it, where the Nisab is complete from the beginning to the end of the year. On the authority of Aisha, she said: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah (saw) say: “There is no Zakat in property until a year passes over it.’” As for a person who owns less than the Nisab of gold or silver at the beginning of the year then he gains wealth so that he completes the Nisab before the end of the year, his year begins from the time the Nisab is completed, such that when a full year passes, only then is Zakat obliged on it.
Agar oltin va kumushning nisobi yil boshidan to'liq bo'lsa va yil davomida ko'paysa, bu ko'payish savdodan kelib chiqqan bo'lsa, u asl miqdorga (asl) qo'shiladi. Buning sababi shundaki, ko'payish yilini asl miqdorning yili deb hisoblanadi, chunki ko'payish asl pulning o'sishidan iborat bo'lib, o'z turidan bo'ladi, shuning uchun unga bir xil hukm beriladi.
However if the Nisab of gold and silver is complete from the beginning of the year and it increase during the year then if the increase emanated from trade it is added to the original amount (Asl). This is because the year of the increase is considered the same as the year of the original amount, for the increase is of the growth of the original money, and is of its own type, so it has the same rule.
Agar nisobning turidagi ko‘payish bo‘lsa-yu, lekin u o‘sish vositasi orqali kelmagan bo‘lsa, masalan meros yoki sadaqa-hadya orqali kelgan bo‘lsa, bu ko‘payish ustidan to‘liq bir yil o‘tishi kerak. U asl miqdorga qo‘shilmaydi va o‘zining yili hukmini olmaydi. Bunga o‘xshash holat ko‘payish boshqa turdagi mol-mulkdan kelganda, masalan chorva mollarining ko‘payishi bo‘lganda ham shunday. Bu narsa oltin va kumushga qo‘shilmaydi, nisobga yetganda zakot vojib bo‘lishi uchun uning ustidan to‘liq bir yil o‘tishi kerak. Oltinning nisobi kumush bilan to‘ldirilmaydi, kumushning nisobi ham oltin bilan to‘ldirilmaydi, chunki ular ikki xil turdir. Xuddi shuningdek, xurmoning nisobi kishmish bilan, tuyalarning nisobi esa sigirlar bilan to‘ldirilmaydi, chunki hadisda shunday deyilgan: “Besh avqiyadan kam bo‘lgan narsada sadaqa yo‘qdir”. Bundan tashqari, Rasul ﷺ ularni ikki xil tur qilib qo‘ydilar va almashuv muomalalarida ular orasida miqdor farqiga ruxsat berdilar.
However, if the increase was of the Nisab’s type but it did not come through the means of growth such as if it came from inheritance or donation, then a full year must pass upon this increase. It is not added to the original amount nor does it take the rule of its year. Similar to this is when the increase comes from a different type of wealth like an increase in livestock. This is not added to gold and silver and a full year must pass over it before Zakat is obliged when it reaches the Nisab. The Nisab of gold is not completed by silver, nor is the Nisab of silver completed by gold, as they are two different types. This is similar to the fact that the Nisab of dates is not completed by raisins nor is the Nisab of camels completed by cattle, because the Hadith says: “There is no Sadaqah in what is less than five ounces.” Moreover, the Messenger (saw) made them two different types and allowed quantitative differences between them in exchange transactions.