Jarib bir asosiy maydon o‘lchov birligi edi. U ekin ekiladigan yerlarni o‘lchash va mulkni belgilash uchun qo‘llanilgan, shu asosda xiroj miqdori hisoblangan. Sha’biy rivoyat qilgan: “Darhaqiqat, ‘Umar ibn al-Xattob Sawad (Iroqning ekin ekiladigan yerlari)ni o‘lchab chiqdi, u 630 000 000 jarib yetdi.” “al-Ahkam as-Sultoniyya” kitobida shunday deyilgan: “Jarib 10 kasabat ko‘paytirilgan 10 kasabatga teng. Kafiz 10 kasabat ko‘paytirilgan bir kasabaga teng. Kasaba esa 6 zirolga teng. Demak, jarib 3600 zirol bo‘lakka teng, kafiz esa 330 zirolga teng, bu jaribning o‘ndan bir qismidir.”
A Jareeb was the only basic unit of area. It was applied to measure arable land and define estate, where the Kharaj was estimated based on this basis. It is reported that Sh’abi said, “Indeed ‘Umar b. Al-Khattab surveyed the Sawad (arable land of Iraq) which reached 630,000,000 Jareeb.” In the book, al- Ahkaam al-Sultaniyya it is said, “The Jareeb is 10 Kasabaats times 10 Kasabaats. The Kafeez is 10 Kasabaats times a Kasabah. And the Kasabah is equal to 6 cubits. Hence the Jareeb is equal to 3600 cubit pieces and the Kafeez is equal to 330 cubits which is a tenth of a Jareeb.
Parasang haqida rivoyat qilinganki, Ja’far ibn Qudama shunday degan: “U bir kvadrat zirodir va Hoshimiy zirog‘iga teng, ya’ni 9000 zirog‘dir.” Qalqashandiy shunday zikr qilgan: “Hoshimiy zirog‘i bir zirog‘ va qo‘lning uchdan bir qismiga teng bo‘lib, bu Mursala (uzoq yuborilgan) zirog‘idir. Qo‘l zirog‘i esa o‘rtacha kaftga asoslanib, 6 ta kaftga (mushtga) tengdir. Har bir kaft to‘rt barmoqdan iborat, ya’ni eng kichik barmoq, nomsiz barmoq, o‘rta barmoq va ko‘rsatkich barmoq. Har bir barmoq ko‘ndalang qo‘yilgan 6 ta mayda tukka teng.”
Commenting on the parasang, it has been reported that Ja’afar bin Qudamah said that, “It is a cubit area and is equivalent to the Hashemite cubit, that is 9000 cubits.” Qalqashandi mentioned that, “The Hashemite cubit is equal to a cubit and a third of the hand which is the Mursala (long dispatched) cubit. And the cubit of the hand is equal to 6 handfuls (clasps)on the basis of the average handful. Each handful is the four fingers i.e. the smallest finger, ring finger, the middle and the index finger. Each finger is 6 little hairs laid across.
Musulmonlar quyidagi uzunliklardan foydalanganlar:
The Muslims used the following lengths:
Ilgak = 4 barmoq.
The clasp = 4 fingers.
Yuborilgan (mursala) ziro' = 6 ta chilangi yoki 24 ta barmoq.
The dispatched Mursala cubit = 6 clasps or 24 fingers.
Hoshimiy ziro' = 8 ta ilgak yoki 32 ta barmoq.
The Hashemite cubit = 8 clasps or 32 fingers.
Qasaba = 6 hoshimiy zirom.
The Kasabah = 6 Hashemite cubits.
Jareeb = 100 Kasabaat kvadrat (10 x 10).
The Jareeb = 100 Kasabaats squared (10 x 10).
Ten Kasabaats = 10 x 6 cubits.
Note: I need to correct myself. The instructions say to translate only, and I should not add explanations. So here is the translation alone:
Ўн Касабат = 10 x 6 зироа.
The ten Kasabaats = 10 x 6 cubits.
Kasabahning uzunligi = 60 zirо'; bu Jareebning tomoni uzunligiga teng.
Length of the Kasabah = 60 cubits which is the length of the side of the Jareeb.
Jareeb maydonining yuzasi = 60 zira' uzunlikdagi tomon x 60 zira' = 3600 kvadrat.
The area of Jareeb = 60 cubits length of side x 60 cubits = 3600 squared.
Hoshimiy zirolar.
Hashemite cubits.
Qafiz = Jarib ning 1/10 qismi maydoni, ya'ni u 360 kvadrat hoshimiy zirofga teng.
Kafeez = 1/10 area of Jareeb, that is it is equal to 360 square Hashemite cubits.
Ushbu o‘lchovlarning haqiqiy qiymatini bugungi metr o‘lchoviga qiyoslash orqali tushunish mumkin, metr uzunlik va maydon uchun eng qulay va eng aniq o‘lchov hisoblanadi, agar barmoqning o‘rtacha kengligini santimetrda bilsak.
It is possible to understand the reality of these measurements by comparing them to today’s measurement of metre, which is considered to be the easiest and most precise measurement for length and area, if we know the average width of the finger in centimetres.
Barmoqning o‘rtacha kengligi 1,925 santimetrga teng ekanligi ravshan, shu sababli ushbu o‘lchovning uzunliklari quyidagicha bo‘ladi:
To calculate, it is clear that the average width of the finger equals 1.925 centimetres and thereby the lengths of this measurement will be as follows:
Zirā‘ = 1,925 sm.
The arm = 1.925 cms.
Ilgak = 4 barmoq x 1,925 sm (qo‘lning eni) = 7,700 sm.
The clasp = 4 fingers x 1.925 cms (width of the arm) = 7.700 cms.
Mursala zirom = 24 ta qo'l × 1,925 sm (qo'lning eni) = 46,200 sm.
The Mursala cubit = 24 arms x 1.925 cms (width of the arm) = 46.200 cms.
Hoshimiy zirox = 32 ta qo‘l × 1,925 sm (qo‘lning eni) = 61,600 sm.
The Hashemite cubit = 32 arms x 1.925 cms (width of the arm) = 61.600 cms.
Kasabah = 6 Hoshimiy zirolar x 61,600 sm.
Kasabah = 6 Hashemite cubits x 61.600 cms.
(Hoshimiy qo'lning uzunligi) = 3,696 metr.
(length of the Hashemite arm) = 3.696 metres.
Ten Kasabaats = 10 x 3.696 metres; length of Kasabah = 36.960 metres, the length of Jareeb.
Here the translation into Uzbek:
Ten Kasabaats = 10 x 3.696 metres; length of Kasabah = 36.960 metres, the length of Jareeb.
Uzbek translation:
O'n kasabaat = 10 x 3,696 metr; kasaba uzunligi = 36,960 metr, jarib uzunligi.
The ten Kasabaats = 10 x 3.696 metres length of Kasabah = 36.960 metres, the length of Jareeb.
Jareebning maydoni = 36,960 metr uzunlik × 36,960 metr = 1 366 kvadrat metr. Bu bir yarim dunumga teng (ya'ni 1 1/3 × 1000 kv.m = 1333 kv.m).
Area of Jareeb = 36.960 metres length of Jareeb x 36.960 metres = 1,366 square metres. This is equal to one and a third Dunum (ie. 1 1/3 x 1000sq.m = 1333sq.m).
Kafeez maydoni = 1/10 jarib, ya'ni 136,600 kv. metr.
Area of Kafeez = 1/10 Jareeb, that is 136. 600 sq. metres.
Bu yerda uzunlik masofalarini o'lchash birliklari haqida ham gap boradi: barid, farsax va mil. Ular Mursala zirouti, ya'ni asl zirou, hamda Shar'iy zirou bilan baholanadi, uning uzunligi 6 kaft, yoki 24 barmoq bo'lib, maydon o'lchovlarida kelganidek. Al-Ahkom as-Sultoniyya muallifi milning 4000 ta Mursala zirouga teng ekanini zikr qilgan. Fiqh kitoblari farsax 3 milga, barid esa 4 farsaxga teng ekanida ittifoq qilganlar. Shu sababli, oldingi o'lchovlarga ko'ra ularning baholanishi va bugungi kunda qo'llaniladigan, masofa uzunligini o'lchashning eng oson va eng aniq shakli deb hisoblanadigan kilometr bo'yicha baholash quyidagicha bo'ladi:
This is everything related to the measurements of area. As for the measurements of length of distances, they are the Bareed, parasang and mile. They are evalurated in terms the Mursala cubit which is also called the original cubit, and the Shar’aa cubit whose length is 6 clasps, or 24 fingers, like it came in the measurements of area. The author of al-Ahkaam al-Sultaniyya mentioned that the mile is equal to 4000 Mursala cubits. The books of Fiqh agree that the parasang is equal to 3 miles and a Bareed is equal to 4 parasang. Therefore their estimation according to the previous measurements and the kilometre used today and which is considered to be the easiest and most precise form of measurement of the distance length, will be as follows:
Mursala tirsak = 6 ta bo'g'in yoki 24 ta qo'l (arm).
The Mursala cubit = 6 clasps or 24 arms.
Mil = 4000 mursala zirox.
Mile = 4000 Mursala cubits.
Parasang = 3 mil.
Parasang = 3 miles.
Bariyd = 4 farsang.
Bareed = 4 parasangs.
Metr va kilometrlarda hisoblash quyidagicha bo'ladi:
In metres and kilometres calculation, they will be as follows:
Mursala zirox = 24 qo'l kengligi x 1,925 sm (qo'lning eni) = 46,200 sm
Mil = 4000 Mursala zirox x 46,200 sm, Mursala zirox uzunligi = 1848 metr yoki 1,848 km.
The Mursala cubit = 24 arms x 1.925 cms (width of the arm) = 46.200 cms Mile = 4000 Mursala cubits x 46.200 cms, length of the Mursala cubit = 1848 metres or 1.848 kms.
Parasang = 3 mil x 1848 metr (bir milning uzunligi = 5544 metr, yoki 5,544 km).
Parasang = 3 miles x 1848 metres length of a mile = 5544 metres, or 5.544 kms.
Bareed = 4 farsang × 5544 metr; farsangning uzunligi = 22176 metr, ya'ni 22,176 km.
Bareed = 4 parasang x 5544 metres length of parasang = 22176 metres, or 22.176 kms.
Qasr masofasi 16 farsax, ya'ni 48 mil bo'lgani uchun, kilometrlarda u quyidagicha bo'ladi:
In view of the fact that the distance of Al-Qasr is 16 parasang, or 48 miles, in kilometres it will be as follows:
Al-Qasr = 16 parasang × 5,544 km, uzunligi parasang = 88,704 km yoki u 48 mil × 1,848 km ga teng, uzunligi mil = 88,704 km.
Al-Qasr = 16 parasang x 5.544 kms, length of parasang = 88.704 kms or it is equal 48 miles x 1.848 kms, length of mile = 88.704 kms.
Shariat nuqtayi nazaridan maydon va masofani o‘lchashda o‘tmishda qo‘llanilgan standartlarga qat’iy rioya qilish majburiy emas. Chunki bular vazifalarni bajarish va ularni osonlashtirish uchun qabul qilingan vosita va asboblardir. Shu sababli ulardan yoki ularning o‘rnini bosuvchi, eng oson, eng sodda va eng aniq shakllardan foydalanish joizdir. Holbuki, jarib o‘lchovi asli fors o‘lchovi bo‘lsa-da, akr o‘lchovi Misrda o‘sha vaqtda ham, hozir ham o‘lchov birligi sifatida ishlatiladi. Uning maydoni jarib maydonidan farq qiladi.
Compliance of measurement of area and distance with the standards used in the past is not mandatory from the Shari’ah perspective. This is because they are means and tools which were adopted for carrying out and facilitating tasks. Thus it is permissible to use them or alternatives in following to the easiest, simplest and most precise form. This is though the Jareeb in origin is a Persian measurement and that acre was and still is the unit of measurement in Egypt. Its area is different from the area of the Jareeb.
Bugungi kunda qo'llanilayotgan metr, kilometr va kvadrat metr o'lchovlari eng oson va eng aniq o'lchovlar hisoblanganligi sababli, yer maydonini o'lchash birligi sifatida dunam, mato va uylarni o'lchash birligi sifatida metr, masofani o'lchash birligi sifatida esa kilometrni ishlatish mumkin. Shunday qilib, 'Umar ibn al-Xattob Xaroj maydonini o'lchashda asos sifatida ishlatgan jarib 1366 kvadrat metrga teng bo'lib, bu taxminan bir dunam va uchdan bir qismga tengdir, chunki dunamning maydoni 1000 kvadrat metrdir.
Since the measurements of metre, kilometre and square metre which are used today are considered the easiest and most precise measurements, it is possible to use the Dunum as the unit for measuring the area of land, the metre as the unit to measure cloth and houses and the kilometre as the unit to measure distance. Thus the Jareeb which ‘Umar ibn Al -Khattab used as the foundation to measure area of Kharaj is equal to 1366 square metres, which is equal to one and one third of a Dunum approximately, because the area of Dunum is 1000 square metres.