23-bob. Xaybar jangi
23 The Battle of Khaybar
Rasulullah ﷺ Hudaybiyadan qaytganidan keyin Madinada o‘n besh kecha qoldi, so‘ngra musulmonlarga, faqat Hudaybiyada u zot bilan birga bo‘lganlargina ishtirok etishi sharti bilan, Xaybarga qarshi yurish uchun tayyorlanishni buyurdi.
The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) remained in Madinah for fifteen nights after returning from al-Hudaybiyah, he then ordered the Muslims to prepare for a raid on Khaybar provided that only those who had been with him at al- Hudaybiyah take part.
Al-Hudaybiyah ga yurish qilishdan oldin, Khaybar yahudiylarining Quraysh bilan yashirincha til biriktirib, Muslimlarni yo'q qilish maqsadida Madinaga hujum uyushtirmoqchi ekani haqida xabar olindi. Buni bilgan Allohning Elchisi ﷺ Quraysh bilan tinchlik rejasini tanladi, toki Khaybar ishlariga e'tiborini qaratishi uchun ular bilan sulh tuzsin. U ﷺ tinchlik shartnomasini tuzib, Khaybar yahudiylarini Quraysh bilan ittifoqdan ajratib qo'yishi bilanoq, Khaybar yahudiylariga yuzlanib, al-Hudaybiyah dan qaytganidan bir necha kun o'tib Muslimlarga lashkarni tayyorlashni buyurdi.
Before marching to al-Hudaybiyah, news was received that the Jews of Khaybar were secretly conspiring with the Quraysh to raid Madinah in an effort to exterminate the Muslims. Being aware of this, Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) opted for a peace plan with the Quraysh in order to secure a truce with them so that he could concentrate his efforts towards taking care of Khaybar. As soon as he (pbuh) had concluded his peace treaty, which isolated the Jews of Khaybar from the Quraysh, he turned to Jews of Khaybar and ordered the Muslims to prepare the army just days after his return from al-Hudaybiyah.
Allohning Elchisi ﷺ 1600 nafar musulmonga boshchilik qildi, ularning yonida 100 nafar otliq bor edi va hammasiga Allohning yordami va'da qilingan edi. Ular uch kunlik yo'lni bosib o'tib, Xaybarga yetib kelishdi va Xaybar aholisini bexabar holda qoldirishdi. Musulmonlar qal'alarining tashqarisida tunashgan bo'lsalar ham, ... Ertalab Xaybar dehqonlari belkurak va savatlarini olib chiqishdi, musulmonlar qo'shinini ko'rib esa, "Muhammad o'z qo'shini bilan!" deb baqirib, orqaga qarab qochishdi. Allohning Elchisi ﷺ dedi: "Allohu akbar! Xaybar vayron bo'ldi. Biz biror qavmning maydoniga kirsak, ogohlantirilganlarning tongi yomon bo'ladi."
The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) marched at the head of 1,600 Muslims accompanied by 100 riders and all were assured of Allah’s support. They reached Khaybar after a march of three days and took the people of Khaybar by surprise. Although the Muslims spent the night just outside their forts. In the morning, the peasants of Khaybar came out with their spades and baskets and when they saw the army of the Muslims they turned and fled crying, “Muhammad with his force.” The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “Allahu Akbar! Khaybar is destroyed. When we arrive at a people’s area it is a bad morning for those who have been warned.”.
Yahudiylar Allohning Elchisi ﷺ ularga hujum qilishlarini kutishgan, chunki ular Hudaybiya sulhi haqida eshitganlarida, buni o‘z ittifoqchilari bo‘lgan Quraysh tomonidan xiyonat deb hisoblashgan. Yuzaga kelgan xavfli vaziyatga javoban, ularning ba’zilari Vodi al-Qurо va Taymo’ yahudiylari bilan ittifoq tuzib, Madinaga reyd uyushtirishni taklif qilishgan. Shunda ular arab qabilalarining yordamiga muhtoj bo‘lmasligi mumkin edi, ayniqsa Quraysh Allohning Elchisi ﷺ bilan sulh imzolagan bo‘lgani uchun. Boshqalari esa Allohning Elchisi ﷺ bilan shartnoma tuzish fikrini ham ko‘rib chiqishgan, bu orqali musulmonlarning ularga bo‘lgan nafratini yo‘qotish mumkin, deb umid qilishgan. Xavf yaqinlashganini sezganlaridan beri ular bir-birlariga shu haqda eslatib turishardi. Ular Allohning Elchisi ﷺ ularning Quraysh bilan tuzgan fitnasini bilib olganini va ularga hujum qilmoqchi ekanini bilishardi, ammo rejalarini amalga oshirishga ulgurmasdan, ular kutilmaganda qolishdi va o‘rniga G‘atafon qabilasidan yordam so‘rashga majbur bo‘lishdi. Ular o‘z mavqelarini mustahkamlashga va hujumga qarshilik ko‘rsatishga urinishdi, ammo musulmon qo‘shini tez harakat qildi va ularning mudofaa chiziqlari qulab tushdi.
The Jews were expecting Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) to attack them, for when they heard about the treaty of Hudaybiyah they considered it to be a let down by their allies, the Quraysh. In response to the new dangerous situation some of them suggested forming an alliance with the Jews of Wadi al-Qura and Tayma’ in order to raid Madinah. They would then be without the need to rely on the pockets of Arab tribes, especially now that the Quraysh had signed a treaty with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). Others actually flirted with the idea of entering into a pact with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) in the hope that this would efface the Muslims’ hatred towards them. They used to remind each other of this ever since they felt the danger nearing. They were aware that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) had learned of their conspiracy with the Quraysh and that he (pbuh) was about to raid them, but they were caught by surprise before they could enact their plans and instead had to call on Ghatafan to help them. They attempted to fortify their positions and resist the attack, but the Muslim army was swift and their defensive lines crumbled.
Oxiri, ular umidsizlikka tushib, Allah Elchisi ﷺ bilan, agar ularning jonlariga zarar yetkazmasa, tinchlik o'rnatishni so'radilar. Allah Elchisi ﷺ rozi bo'ldi va ularga uylarida qolishga ruxsat berdi. Ularning yerlari va uzumzorlari fath qonuniga ko'ra unga tegishli bo'lgani uchun, ular yillik hosil va mevalarining yarmini unga bermoq sharti bilan u yerda ishlash va yashashga ruxsat berdi. Ular uning ﷺ shartlariga rozi bo'lishdi. So'ngra Allahning Elchisi ﷺ Madinaga qaytdi va "Umratul-Qazo" uchun jo'nagunicha u yerda qoldi.
Eventually, they became desperate and sought peace with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) provided he spared their lives. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) agreed and he allowed them to remain in their homes. Since their land and their vineyards became his under the law of conquest, he allowed them to work and live there provided they gave him half of their crops and fruits annually. They agreed to his (pbuh) terms. Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) then returned to Madinah and stayed there until he left for the ‘Umrah of Qada’.
Payg'ambar (ﷺ) Xaybar siyosiy hokimiyatini bekor qilib, uni musulmonlar hokimiyatiga bo'ysundirish orqali Shomga olib boradigan xavfli shimoliy yo'lni zararsizlantirdilar, xuddi shunday Hudaybiya sulhidan keyin janubda ham qilganlaridek. Bu harakat Islom xabarining Arabiston yarim orolida, shuningdek undan tashqarida tarqalishiga yo'l ochdi.
By his abolition of Khaybar’s political authority and by making them submit to the authority of the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) neutralized the perilous northern path to al-Sham, as he had done likewise in the south after the Hudaybiyah treaty. This action paved the way for the Message of Islam to be spread within the Arabian Peninsula as well as abroad.