当安拉的使者ﷺ确信伊斯兰社会已经稳固确立，并且与周边的犹太部落签订了条约之后，他便着手为麦地那的圣战做准备，因为伊斯兰国有责任在其统治下的全部土地上推行伊斯兰教，并将伊斯兰的使命传播到其疆界之外。传播伊斯兰的使命绝不等同于传教工作。相反，它要求邀请民众归信伊斯兰，使他们熟悉其概念与律法，并通过必要的物质手段，清除任何阻碍实施这一使命的物质障碍。

When the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was assured that the Islamic society was firmly entrenched, and once he had signed treaties with the neighboring Jewish tribes, he set about preparing the grounds in Madinah for Jihad, for it is the duty of the Islamic State to implement Islam in the whole of the land under its rule and to convey the Message of Islam beyond its borders. Conveying the Message of Islam is by no means comparable to missionary work. Instead, it dictates the invitation of the people to Islam, acculturating them with its concepts and rules, and the removal of any material obstacle that stands in the way of implementation of the Message through the necessary material requirements.

自始至终，古莱氏人都是阻碍伊斯兰使命的现实障碍。因此，必须组建一支特遣力量来克服这一障碍。考虑到这一点，并为了将伊斯兰传播到麦地那之外，安拉的使者ﷺ开始组建自己的军队。他ﷺ采取了若干步骤，派出数支远征队，旨在挑战古莱氏人，并使麦地那及其周边地区的伪信士和犹太人感到不安。在四个月内，他ﷺ向麦地那之外派出了三支队伍。

The Quraysh had always represented a material obstacle barring the Message of Islam. A task force thus had to be prepared to overcome it. Bearing this in mind, and with the objective of spreading Islam outside Madinah, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) began building his army. He (pbuh) took several steps by dispatching some expeditions designed to challenge the Quraysh and alarm both the hypocrites and the Jews in Madinah and nearby surroundings. In four months, he (pbuh) dispatched three units outside Madinah.

他派遣哈姆扎率领三十名骑兵前往阿伊斯附近的海岸，骑兵全部来自迁士，没有一名辅士参加。哈姆扎在海岸遇到了阿布·贾赫勒·本·希沙姆率领的三百名骑兵，正准备交战时，朱赫奈的麦季迪·本·阿慕尔从中调停，双方分开，未曾交战。安拉的使者ﷺ又派遣欧拜达·本·哈里斯的儿子穆罕默德率领六十名骑兵，全部来自迁士，队中没有一名辅士。他在拉比格山谷遇到了率领二百多名骑兵的阿布·苏富扬。这次同样没有发生战斗，只有当天萨阿德·本·艾比·瓦卡斯射出了一支箭。安拉的使者ﷺ还派遣萨阿德·本·艾比·瓦卡斯率领二十名骑兵前往麦加方向，但他们未经战斗便返回了。这些远征使麦地那充满了战争的气氛，也使古莱氏人感到恐惧，他们开始切实感受到来自安拉的使者ﷺ的威胁。使者ﷺ并未就此停止，而是亲自出征劫掠。他抵达麦地那十二个月后，出发寻找古莱氏人和达姆拉部族，一直行至瓦丹。那一天他ﷺ没有遇到古莱氏人，而达姆拉部族则与他讲和。此后，安拉的使者ﷺ率领由迁士和辅士组成的二百名骑兵出征，直到抵达拉德瓦附近的布瓦特。他们的目标是一支商队，该商队有两千五百头牲畜，由一百名战士护卫，领队者是乌马耶·本·赫勒夫。然而，由于商队走了一条与平常不同的路线，使者ﷺ未能拦截到这支商队。 在从布瓦特远征归来三个月后,阿布·萨拉马·伊本·阿卜杜·al-阿萨德被留下主持麦地那的事务,而安拉的使者ﷺ率领二百多名穆斯林再次出征,直至抵达叶ناﺑ山谷中的阿什焦拉赫(al-‘Ushayrah)。他在吉马达·欧拉月(Jumada al-Ula)停留在那里,并一直住到吉马达·阿赫勒月(Jumada al-Akhirah)的若干天过去。这发生在希吉拉后的第二年。他在那里扎营的原因是,他ﷺ正在等待由阿布·苏富扬率领的商队,但他再次未能如愿。不过这次行动并非全无收获,因为安拉的使者ﷺ在此行中与穆达利吉部落(Bani Mudlaj)及其来自达姆拉部落(Bani Damrah)的盟友签订了和约。

He sent Hamzah to the seashore in the neighborhood of al-‘Is at the head of thirty riders from the emigrants, with none of the helpers taking part. Hamzah met Abu Jahl ibn Hisham with three hundred riders on the shore and was about to fight him when Majdi ibn ‘Amr al-Juhani intervened between them, causing the people to separate without fighting. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent Muhammad ibn ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Harith with sixty riders from the Muhajireen, there not being a single one of the Ansar among them. He encountered Abu Sufyan at the head of more than two hundred riders in the valley of Rabigh. Again, no fighting took place except that Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas shot an arrow on that day. Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) also sent Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas with twenty riders towards Makkah, but they returned without fighting. These expeditions helped create an atmosphere of war in Madinah, and they also served to frighten the Quraysh, who began to seriously feel the threat coming from Allah’s Messenger (pbuh). He (pbuh) did not stop at that, but went out raiding himself. Twelve months after his arrival in Madinah he (pbuh) went forth on a raid looking for the Quraysh and Banu Damrah until he reached Waddan. He (pbuh) did not meet the Quraysh that day, and instead Banu Damrah made peace with him. After that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) went raiding at the head of a contingent of two hundred riders from the Muhajireen and Ansar, until they reached Buwat in the neighborhood of Radwa. They were making for a caravan composed of two thousand five hundred cattle protected by one hundred fighters led by Umayyah ibn Khalaf. But he (pbuh) failed to intercept the caravan due to the fact that it had traversed a different route than the one normally used. Three months after returning from the expedition to Buwat, Abu Salmah ibn ‘Abd al-Asad was left in charge of Madinah and the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) undertook another raid at the head of two hundred plus Muslims until he reached al-‘Ushayrah in the valley of Yanbu where he stopped during the month of Jumada al-Ula and resided until some days of Jumada al-Akhirah had passed. This was in the second year of Hijrah. The reason for his camping there was that he (pbuh) was waiting for a caravan headed by Abu Sufyan, but once again he missed his target. It was not entirely a wasted effort though, because the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) gained from his trip a peace treaty with Bani Mudlaj and their allies from Bani Damrah.

他（愿主福安之）回到麦地那仅十天，库尔兹·伊本·贾比尔·法赫里便袭击了麦地那的放牧骆驼。安拉的使者（愿主福安之）出发去追寻他，因为库尔兹是古莱什人的盟友之一。安拉的使者ﷺ抵达了靠近白德尔的萨法万山谷，但库尔兹逃脱了。这便是白德尔的第一次远征。

He (pbuh) had only been back in Madinah for ten days when Kurz ibn Jabir al- Fahri raided the pasturing camels of Madinah. Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) went out in search of him, Kurz being one of the allies of the Quraysh. Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) reached the valley of Safwan in the neighborhood of Badr, but Kurz eluded him. This was the first raid of Badr.

这就是安拉的使者ﷺ率领军队向古莱氏发起挑战的开端,他巡行半岛并派遣远征队。虽然并未发生战斗,安拉的使者ﷺ却取得了相当大的收获,为更大规模的战役铺平了道路,因为这些袭击为穆斯林军队提供了军事演练,使他们为战争做好了准备。它们也让犹太人和麦地那的伪信者闻风丧胆,使他们不敢再萌生制造麻烦的念头。他ﷺ通过公然挑战成功地挫败了古莱氏的士气,同时极大地提升了穆斯林的士气。他ﷺ还通过与居住在麦地那与红海沿岸之间的部落签订盟约,例如白努·达姆拉、白努·穆德拉季等部落,对古莱氏前往叙利亚的商队形成并实施了封锁。

That is how Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) began defying the Quraysh with his army, by roaming the Peninsula and sending out expeditions. Although no fighting took place, Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) achieved considerable gains which paved the way for still greater battles, since these raids served as military exercises for the Muslim army and prepared them for war. They also sent shivers down the spines of the Jews and the hypocrites of Madinah and discouraged them from entertaining any thoughts about causing trouble. He (pbuh) succeeded in demoralizing the Quraysh by defying them while boosting the morale of the Muslims a great deal. He (pbuh) also formed and enforced a blockade on the caravans of the Quraysh on their way to al-Sham by signing treaties with the tribes encamped between Madinah and the Red Sea coast, such as Banu Damrah, Banu Mudlaj and others.