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3 Building the Sahabah
在真主使者(愿主福安之)传播伊斯兰教召唤之初,他ﷺ邀请那些他认为已具备接受伊斯兰教准备的人,不论其年龄、地位、种族或出身。他ﷺ从不挑选人,而是不加区别地邀请众人,然后感知他们是否已准备好接受伊斯兰教。许多人信奉并皈依了伊斯兰教。
At the beginning of his call, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) invited to Islam people whom he felt had the readiness to accept it, regardless of their age, position, race, or origin. He (pbuh) never selected people, but rather invited people indiscriminately and then sensed their readiness to accept Islam. Scores of people believed and embraced Islam.
他(ﷺ)急于教导这些新入教的穆斯林,提升他们对宗教(Deen)的认识,并教他们诵读《古兰经》。他(ﷺ)从众圣门弟子中组成了一个小组,他们轮流承担传播伊斯兰教(Da'wah)的工作。这个群体的人数逐渐增至四十多人,包括男性和女性,他们来自各行各业,但大多是年轻人。其中既有贫穷的人,也有富有的人;既有弱者,也有强者。
He (pbuh) was anxious to educate these new Muslims and perfect their knowledge of the Deen, as well as teach them the Qur’an. He (pbuh) formed a group from the companions and they carried the Da’wah in turn. Their number grew to over forty men and women, who came from all walks of life, though they were mostly young men. There were among them the poor and the rich, the weak and the strong.
这一群信仰安拉的使者ﷺ并致力于传播伊斯兰教的穆斯林是:
This group of Muslims who believed in Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) and pursued the Da’wah were:
1. 阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜(8岁)。
1. ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (8 years old).
2. 祖拜尔·本·阿瓦姆(8岁)。
2. Zubayr ibn al-’Awwam (8 years old).
3. 塔勒哈·本·欧拜杜拉(11岁)。
3. Talhah ibn ‘Ubaydullah (11 years old).
4. 阿尔古姆·本·阿比·阿尔古姆(12岁)。
4. Al-Arqam ibn Abi al-Arqam (12 years old).
5. 阿卜杜拉·本·麦斯欧德(14岁)。
5. ‘Abdullah ibn Mas’ud (14 years old).
6. 赛义德·本·宰德(未满二十岁)。
6. Sa’id ibn Zayd (under twenty).
7. 萨阿德·本·艾比·瓦卡斯(17岁)。
7. Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas (17 years old).
8. 沙特·本·拉比尔(17岁)。
8. Sa’ud ibn Rabi’ah (17 years old).
9. 贾法尔·本·阿比·塔利卜(十八岁)。
9. Ja’far ibn Abi Talib (18 years old).
10. 苏海卜·鲁米(二十岁以下)
10. Suhayb al-Rumi (under twenty).
11. 宰德·本·哈里萨(约二十岁)。
11. Zayd ibn Harithah (about twenty).
12. 奥斯曼·伊本·阿凡(约二十岁)。
12. ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan (about twenty).
13. 图莱布·伊本·欧麦尔(约二十岁)。
13. Tulayb ibn ‘Umayr (about twenty).
14. 哈巴卜·本·阿拉特(约二十岁)。
14. Khabbab ibn al-Arrat (about twenty).
15. 阿米尔·伊本·福哈拉(23岁)。
15. ‘Amir ibn Fuhayrah (23 years old).
16. 穆s'阿布·本·阿米尔 (Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr)(24岁) Wait, I should translate faithfully without adding the name transliteration oddly. Corrected: 16. 穆സ'阿布·本·阿米尔 — no, let me give a clean version: 16. 穆萨卜·本·欧麦尔(Mus’ab ibn ‘Umayr)(24岁)
16. Mus’ab ibn ‘Umayr (24 years old).
17. 阿尔-米格达德·伊本·阿斯瓦德(二十四岁)。
17. Al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad (24 years old).
18. 阿卜杜拉·伊本·贾赫什(25岁)。
18. ‘Abdullah ibn Jahsh (25 years old).
19. 欧麦尔·本·胡塔ท (26岁)。 Correction: the correct rendering of the name is: 19. 欧麦尔·本·赫塔卜 (26岁)。
19. ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (26 years old).
20. 阿布·乌拜达·本·al-贾拉赫(享年27岁)。
20. Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah (27 years old).
21. 'Utbah ibn Ghazwan(27岁)。
21. ‘Utbah ibn Ghazwan (27 years old).
22. 艾布·胡宰法·本·欧特白(30岁)。
22. Abu Hudhayfah ibn ‘Utbah (30 years old).
23. 比拉勒·本·拉巴赫(约30岁)。
23. Bilal ibn Rabah (about 30 years old).
24. 'Ayyash ibn Rabi'ah(约30岁)。
24. ‘Ayyash ibn Rabi’ah (about 30 years old).
25. 阿米尔·本·拉比ʿ阿(约30岁)26. 那伊姆·本·阿卜杜拉(约30岁)
25. ‘Amir ibn Rabi’ah (about 30) 26. Na’im ibn ‘Abdullah (about 30).
27. 奥斯曼(30岁),以及。
27. ‘Uthman (30 years old), and.
28. 阿卜杜拉(17岁),以及。
28. ‘Abdullah (17 years old), and.
29. 古大玛(19岁),以及
29. Qudamah (19 years old), and.
30. 阿斯-赛伊卜(约20岁,四人均为马兹欧尼·本·哈比卜之子)。
30. Al-Saib (about 20, all four being sons of Maz’un ibn Habib).
31. 阿布·萨拉马·阿卜杜拉·伊本·阿卜杜勒-阿萨德·马赫祖米(约30岁) 32. 阿卜杜勒-拉赫曼·伊本·奥夫(约30岁)
31. Abu Salamah ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abd al-Asad al-Makhzumi (about 30) 32. ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Auf (about 30).
33. 阿玛尔·本·亚西尔(30至40之间)。
33. ‘Ammar ibn Yasir (between 30 and 40).
34. 艾布·伯克尔·隋迪格(去世时37岁)。
34. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (37 years old).
35. 哈姆扎·伊本·阿卜杜勒-穆塔利卜(享年42岁)。
35. Hamzah ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib (42 years old).
36. 欧拜达·本·哈里斯(50岁)。
36. ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Harith (50 years old).
许多女性也皈依了伊斯兰教。
A number of women also embraced Islam.
经过三年,当这些圣门弟子逐渐成熟,他们的心灵和思想中充满的只有根植于伊斯兰文化的伊斯兰理念时,安拉的使者ﷺ感到宽慰和安心。随后,他ﷺ确信他们已经对伊斯兰有了深刻的理解,他们的品格在对安拉(SWT)的信仰方面已经达到了很高的境界。只有到那时,他ﷺ的忧虑才得以平息,因为这一群穆斯林已经变得足够坚强,有能力面对社会。于是,当安拉命令他这样做时,他ﷺ便率领自己的群体走出来,与古莱什人对抗。
After three years, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was relieved and reassured when these Sahabah matured and when their hearts and minds became filled with nothing but Islamic concepts grounded in the Islamic culture. He (pbuh) then became certain that they had acquired a deep understanding of Islam and that their personalities had reached great heights in terms of belief in Allah (swt). Only then were his worries appeased, for this group of Muslims became strong and capable enough to face society, so he (pbuh) came out leading his group to confront Quraysh when Allah (swt) ordered him to do so.