当哈瓦津部落得知穆斯林已经攻克麦加时，他们担心自己会遭到穆斯林的袭击，营地也会被穆斯林攻入，于是着手备战，以应对穆斯林的威胁。马立克·本·奥夫·纳德里将哈瓦津和塞给夫两部落聚集起来，率领他们一路行进，直到抵达奥塔斯山谷。

When the tribe of Hawazin heard how the Muslims had liberated Makkah, they feared that they might be raided and their quarters stormed by the Muslims. Therefore, they set about countering the Muslim threat by preparing themselves for battle. Malik ibn ‘Auf al-Nadri assembled Hawazin and Thaqif together and marched with them until they reached the valley of Autas.

当哈瓦زن和ثقيف两部的大军即将来袭的消息传到穆斯林那里时，距离征服麦加已过去十五天，他们便准备迎战。马立克没有在奥塔斯山谷扎营，而是把部队向上转移到欧南山的群山之中，驻扎在山谷中最难以接近的地段，并在战略要地周密地部署兵力。他命令手下，待穆斯林进入山谷后便发起攻击，以使他们陷入混乱，从而导致队伍溃散。这一计划被精心筹划，他便在那里等待穆斯林的到来。

The news of the impending armies of Hawazin and Thaqif reached the Muslims fifteen days after the conquest of Makkah and they prepared themselves to meet them. Malik did not encamp in the valley of Autas. Instead, he moved his troops up into the hills of Hunayn in the most inaccessible part of the valley, where he organized them carefully in strategic positions. He instructed his men to attack the Muslims, once they had entered the valley so as to cause confusion among them which would lead to them breaking ranks. The plan was carefully worked out, while he waited there for the arrival of the Muslims.

过了几天,穆斯林们集结起来。安拉的使者ﷺ率领两千麦加人,以及已进入麦加的军队中另外一万人一同出发。这支强大的军队朝战场进发,傍晚抵达侯奈因,在那里休息,直到黎明前不久。然后他们在暮色中进入山谷。当军队进入山谷时,安拉的使者ﷺ骑着他的白骡殿后,敌方的骑兵中队遵照其指挥官的命令发动了进攻。他们向穆斯林投掷长矛,在黑暗中,穆斯林被这突如其来的袭击惊呆了。长矛从四面八方射来,穆斯林们惊恐地溃散逃跑,谁也顾不上谁。他们经过安拉的使者ﷺ身边时并未停留,而是成群结队地继续奔逃。战场上只剩下阿拔斯和安拉的使者ﷺ。至于其余的军队,实际上已经溃败,为保命而逃。安拉的使者ﷺ站在原地,周围是一小群安サール、穆哈吉隆以及他的家人,他呼喊众人:“人们啊,你们要去哪里?”然而众人听不到他的呼唤,他们只顾继续奔跑,一心惧怕死亡,从不回头。哈瓦津和塞盖夫人追赶他们,遇到一个便杀一个。

After a few days the Muslims appeared. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) had marched with two thousand Makkans and another ten thousand men from the army which had entered Makkah. This formidable force marched towards the battlefield and reached Hunayn in the evening, where they rested until just before dawn. Then they moved on into the valley during the twilight. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was riding his white mule at the rear of the army as they entered the valley when the enemy squadrons attacked, following the order of his commander. They showered the Muslims with spears, and amidst the darkness the Muslims were stunned by the sudden surprise attack. As the spears hit them from every direction, the Muslims broke and fled in terror, none heeding the other. They passed by the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) without stopping and continued running en masse. Only al-‘Abbas and the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) were left on the battlefield. As for the rest of the army, they were as good as defeated and fleeing for their lives. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) stood where he was, surrounded by a small group of the Ansar, Muhajireen and his family, and he called to the people, “Where are you going O people?” But the people were unable to hear his call, they just continued running without turning back fearing death all the while. Hawazin and Thaqif chased them and killed them wherever they reached them.

那一刻,安拉的使者ﷺ经历了他一生中最危急的时刻之一。面对这种令人绝望的局势,他的反应极为卓越。他的军队正在溃逃,他的圣门弟子以及新近归信的穆斯林都已离他而去,而他却挺立不动,召唤他们所有人回到他身边。那一天,一些刚刚皈依伊斯兰的人公然流露出他们的敌意与仇恨,对穆斯林的失败幸灾乐祸。Kalda ibn Hanbal说:“今天的巫术确实是徒劳的。”Shaybah ibn ‘Uthman ibn Talhah说:“今天我要向穆罕默德ﷺ复仇。”Abu Sufyan说:“他们的逃跑不会停止,直到他们逃到大海边。”

At that moment the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) experienced one of the most critical situations in his life. His reaction to the hopeless turn of events was outstanding. With his army in full flight, his Sahabah as well as the new Muslims having deserted him, there he stood steadfast calling them all back to him. Some of those who had only recently embraced Islam openly disclosed their enmity and hatred on that day. They expressed their malicious joy at the defeat of the Muslims. Kalda ibn Hanbal said, “Surely sorcery is vain today.” Shaybah ibn ‘Uthman ibn Talhah said, “Today I will get my revenge on Muhammad.” Abu Sufyan said, “Their flight will not stop before they get to the sea.”.

在光复麦加期间皈依伊斯兰教、本是为了与安拉的使者并肩作战而出征的那些人,眼见即将遭受彻底的失败,便暴露了他们的真实面目和意图。安拉的使者ﷺ所面临的形势确实十分严峻。面对压倒性的敌众,安拉的使者ﷺ并没有撤退,而是留在战场上,骑着他那匹白骡向敌人推进。他的叔叔阿拔斯·伊本·阿卜杜勒-穆塔利ب留在他身边,阿布·苏福延·伊本·哈里斯·伊本·阿卜杜勒-穆塔利ب也在一旁,此人不可与阿布·苏福延·伊本·哈卜(即阿布·穆阿维叶)混为一谈,他握着坐骑的笼头,在危险的情况下阻止它继续前进。阿拔斯大声呼喊:“辅士们啊,你们曾接纳并庇护了安拉的使者!迁士们啊,你们曾在树下宣誓效忠!穆罕默德确实还活着,快来吧!”

The prospect of utter defeat prompted those who had embraced Islam during the liberation of Makkah and who had come out supposedly to fight alongside the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to divulge their true nature and intentions. The situation that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) faced was very dark indeed. Instead of retreating (in view of the overwhelming odds), the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) remained on the battlefield where he (pbuh) proceeded to move forward towards the enemy riding his white mule. His uncle al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al- Muttalib remained with him as did Abu Sufyan Ibn al-Harith ibn ‘Abd al- Muttalib (not to be confused with Abu Sufyan ibn Harb Abu Mu’awiyah), who was holding the nose band of his mount preventing it from moving any further under the dangerous conditions. Al-‘Abbas cried out loudly, “O Ansar who hosted and protected, O Muhajireen who gave your pledge under the tree! Muhammad is verily alive so come on.”.

阿拔斯再次高声呼喊,声音回荡在山谷之中。战败的穆斯林听到了他的呼声,便想起了安拉的使者ﷺ以及他们的圣战使命。他们意识到这场战败将意味着什么,也意识到如果他们被多神教徒击败、碾碎,会带来怎样的后果。他们明白,这可能意味着他们愿以性命守护的宗教走向终结。于是他们响应号召,开始向安拉的使者ﷺ身边聚集。他们满怀热忱与勇气重新投入战斗,人数不断增多,战斗也愈发激烈。在此过程中,安拉的使者ﷺ越来越安心,最终他抓起一把小石子,朝敌人投掷过去,并说道:“今日,他们的脸变得丑陋了。”

Al-‘Abbas repeated his cry which echoed around the valley. The defeated Muslims heard him and they remembered the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and their duty of Jihad. They realized just what their defeat would entail and just what the consequences would be if they were to be defeated and crushed by the polytheists. They understood that it could mean the end of the Deen which they had vowed to protect with their lives. They responded to the call and began to gather around the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). They rejoined the battle with great zeal and courage until their numbers began to swell and the battle became fiercer. As this was happening the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) became more and more reassured until he took up a handful of pebbles and threw them towards the enemy saying, “Today the faces have turned ugly.”.

然后，穆斯林对哈瓦津和塞给夫发动了反攻，他们毫无惧色，不顾自身性命。激烈的战斗很快使多神教徒们意识到自己有被彻底消灭的危险，他们别无选择，只能逃命。他们逃走时丢下了财产和妇女，穆斯林将这些作为战利品收取。

Then the Muslims launched a counter offensive against Hawazin and Thaqif without any fear for their lives. The heavy fighting soon forced the polytheists to realize that they were in danger of being exterminated and they had no choice but to run for their lives. They fled leaving behind them their property and women which the Muslims took as booty.

穆斯林继续追击,沿途俘虏了许多多神教徒。他们又一直追到山谷的更深处,杀死了许多敌人。他们的指挥官马立克·本·奥夫逃往塔伊夫寻求庇护。那一天,安拉(SWT)助穆斯林取得了伟大的胜利,并且随着这些事件降示了以下经文:“真主确已在许多战场上给了你们胜利,在侯奈尼战役的那天也是如此。当时你们因人数众多而自满,但这对你们毫无益处;大地虽然宽广,却对你们变得狭窄,于是你们转身败退。然后,真主将祂的安宁(Sakinah,平静与安定)降临在使者和信士们身上,并降下你们看不见的军队,惩罚了不信道者。这就是不信道者应得的报应。此后,真主将接受祂所意欲者的悔悟。真主是至恕的,至慈的。”[忏悔章 9:25-27]

The Muslims continued to give chase, imprisoning many polytheists on the way. They pursued them even further up the valley and killed many of them. Their commander, Malik ibn ‘Auf fled to Ta’if where he sought protection. Allah (swt) helped the Muslims gain a great victory that day, and the following verses were revealed in conjunction with the events: “Truly Allah has given you victory in many battlefields, and on the day of Hunayn when you rejoiced at your great number but it availed you naught and the earth, vast as it is, was constraitened for you, then you turned back in flight. Then Allah did send down His Sakinah (calmness, tranquillity) on the Messenger and the believers, and sent down forces (angels) which you saw not, and punished the disbelievers. Such is the recompense of disbelievers. Then after that, Allah will accept the repentance of whom He will. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” [At-Tauba, 9:25-27].

战胜敌人之后，落入穆斯林手中的战利品数量极为庞大。他们清点出的数目为：约两万头骆驼、四万只绵羊，以及四千面银盾。大量异教徒被杀。另有多达六千人被俘，并被押送至 Wadi al-Ji’ranah（吉伊拉讷山谷）。至于穆斯林中的殉道者，则未予统计。不过他们的人数同样不少。《先知传记》的一些典籍记载，有两个穆斯林部落被整体灭绝。

The booty that passed into the hands of the Muslims after defeating the enemy proved to be enormous. They counted what amounted to twenty thousand camels, forty thousand sheep and four thousand silver shields. Many disbelievers were killed. A large number, amounting to six thousand, were imprisoned and taken to Wadi al-Ji’ranah. As for the Muslim martyrs they were not counted. However they also numbered many. Some of the books of Seerah narrate that two entire Muslim tribes were exterminated.

真主的使者ﷺ把战利品和俘虏留在了吉伊兰那（al-Ji’ranah），然后包围了塔伊夫。马立克·本·奥夫在战败后曾在塔伊夫寻求庇护。塔伊夫属于赛给夫部落。这座城池建得如同堡垒，其居民精通攻城之术。他们也极其富有，储备了大量物资。赛给夫人精于箭术，当穆斯林试图逼近城池时，他们用箭雨射击，杀害了一群穆斯林。穆斯林很难攻入堡垒，于是便在射程之外扎营，等待真主的使者ﷺ会如何行动。真主的使者ﷺ请求达乌斯部落的协助，用投石机轰击塔伊夫，他们在围城开始四天后带着武器赶到。此时穆斯林用投石机发动攻击，并派出了攻城车，悄悄靠近城墙，企图焚烧塔伊夫的城墙。然而，他们靠近时被投下的烧热的金属块雨点般击中，攻城车被烧毁，里面操作的穆斯林被迫逃离。赛给夫人抓住机会，用箭射击撤退的穆斯林，杀死了许多人。穆斯林未能直接攻入塔伊夫，于是转而砍伐并焚烧葡萄园，企图迫使赛给夫人投降。赛给夫人并未屈服，最终围城的穆斯林耗尽了时间。

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) left the spoils and the prisoners in al-Ji’ranah and besieged Ta’if where Malik ibn ‘Auf had gained sanctuary after his defeat. Ta’if belonged to the tribe of Thaqif. It was built like a fortress and its people were experts in the art of siege warfare. They were also extremely wealthy and had plenty of provisions. Thaqif were experts at archery and they showered a group of Muslims, as they attempted to advance on the city, killing them. It proved very difficult for the Muslims to storm the fort and they instead camped out of shooting range waiting to see what the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) would do. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sought the help of Banu Daus to bombard Ta’if with the catapult and they arrived four days after the siege had begun with their armaments. Now the Muslims attacked with the catapult and they sent out tanks to creep forward and make contact with the city walls in an attempt to burn down the wall of Ta’if. As they approached, however, they were showered with hot pieces of metal which burnt the tanks forcing the Muslim operators inside to flee. Thaqif seized the opportunity to shower the retreating Muslims with arrows, killing many of them. The Muslims failed to storm Ta’if directly so they resorted to cutting down and burning the vineyards in an attempt to force Thaqif to surrender. This Thaqif did not do and time finally ran out for the Muslim besiegers.

神圣的月份开始了，那时正是都尔-喀尔代月的初一，安拉的使者ﷺ与穆斯林们一同撤离塔伊夫，朝麦加方向前进。他们在吉朗纳停下，战利品和俘虏都留存在那里。在这一时期所达成的众多协议中，安拉的使者ﷺ许诺，如果马立克·伊本·奥夫皈依伊斯兰，就将归还他的家人和财产。马立克·伊本·奥夫听闻此事后，立即来到安拉的使者ﷺ面前，向他宣布自己皈依伊斯兰。令人惊讶的是，安拉的使者ﷺ在刚刚与马立克交战、险些丧命之后，仍然兑现了他的许诺，并另外赠予他一百头骆驼。

The sacred months began and it was the first of Dhul al-Qa’dah when the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) together with the Muslims withdrew from Ta’if heading for Makkah. They stopped in al-Ji’ranah where their spoils and prisoners had been left. Amongst many other settlements concluded at this time the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) promised to return to Malik ibn ‘Auf his family and his assets if he would embrace Islam. When Malik ibn ‘Auf heard this news he promptly appeared before the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and declared his Islam to him. Incredibly, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) after having just fought for his life against Malik gave him what he had promised together with an additional one hundred camels.

最终,人们担心如果安拉的使者(愿主赐其平安)继续把战利品分给来自哈瓦津的人,他们自己的那份就会减少。他们请求把战利品分配下去,好让每个人都能得到自己的份额。他们私下里对这些让步议论纷纷,这些议论传到了安拉的使者ﷺ耳中。他ﷺ当众从身旁一头骆驼的驼峰上拔下一根毛,用手指高举着说:“人们啊!以安拉发誓,即便是这根毛,你们的战利品中属于我的也不过是五分之一,而这五分之一我也会还给你们。所以,谁若以欺诈的手段拿走了任何东西,哪怕是一根针,那么在复活日,这对他和他的家人来说都将是耻辱、烈火和彻底的屈辱。” 安拉的使者ﷺ取了战利品的五分之一作为自己的份额,其余的分给了他的圣门弟子。从自己的份额中,他ﷺ分给了那些需要争取其心的人,即过去曾是他的死敌的人。他ﷺ给了艾布·苏福扬、他的儿子穆阿维叶、哈里斯·本·哈里斯、哈里斯·本·希沙姆、苏海勒·本·阿慕尔、胡韦提卜·本·阿布杜·乌扎以及各部落的首领每人一百头骆驼,作为他们在战利品之外的额外赏赐。他ﷺ又给了其他人每人五十头骆驼,同样是在他们应得的份额之外。

Eventually, the people feared that their share of the spoils would diminish if Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) continued to give out the spoils to whoever came to him from Hawazin. They asked that the spoils be divided so that each could get his share. They murmured amongst themselves about these concessions and their murmuring reached the ears of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). He (pbuh) publicly removed a hair from the hump of a nearby camel and holding it aloft in his fingers said, “O People! By Allah (swt) have nothing but a fifth of your booty even to this hair, and the fifth I will return to you; so whoever took anything in dishonesty, even a needle, it will be a shame and a flame and an utter ignominy on him and his family on the Day of Resurrection.” The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) took a fifth of the share for himself and split the rest among his Sahabah. From his share he (pbuh) gave to those whose hearts were to be won over, those in the past who had been his arch enemies. He (pbuh) gave Abu Sufyan, his son Mu’awiyah, al-Harith ibn al-Harith, al-Harith ibn al-Hisham, Suhayl ibn ‘Amr, Huwaytib ibn ‘Abd al-‘Uzza and the leaders of the tribes one hundred camels each on top of their share of the booty. He (pbuh) gave others, in addition to their share, fifty camels each.

在分配战利品时,安拉的使者ﷺ表现出极大的慷慨与宽恕,也展现了极高的睿智与政治洞察力。然而,一些穆斯林并未理解这些举措背后的动机。未从战利品中获得任何份额的安萨尔人开始在彼此之间窃窃私语,议论安拉的使者ﷺ的这些行为。不幸的是,他们把这件事放在了心上。其中一人以“以安拉发誓,安拉的使者已经与他自己的族人相遇了”这句话,概括了其他人的共同感受。 萨阿德·伊本·欧拜答去见安拉的使者ﷺ,把发生的事情告诉了他。他ﷺ问道:“萨阿德,你在这件事上站在哪一边?”萨阿德回答说:“我站在我的族人一边。”安拉的使者ﷺ对他说:“那就把你的族人召集到这个围栏里来。”当所有相关的人都聚集起来后,安拉的使者ﷺ这样对他们讲话:“我听到你们在议论什么?你们心里是否对我有所猜疑?我来到你们中间时,你们不是迷误的吗?是安拉引导了你们?你们不是贫穷的吗?是安拉使你们富足了?你们不是敌对的吗?是安拉使你们的心彼此亲近了?”他们回答说:“确实如此,安拉和祂的使者是最仁慈、最慷慨的。”他ﷺ接着说:“安萨尔的人们啊,你们为什么不回应我?”他们说:“安拉的使者啊,我们该如何回应您呢?仁慈与慷慨都属于安拉和祂的使者。”他ﷺ说:“以安拉发誓,如果你们愿意,你们本可以这样说——你们说的是实话,也会被相信:你们来到我们这里时被人轻视,是我们相信了你们;你们被人遗弃,是我们帮助了你们;你们是逃亡者,是我们收留了你们;你们贫穷,是我们安慰了你们。难道你们因为今世的财物而心中不安吗?我用这些财物去争取一些人归信伊斯兰,而我把你们托付给你们的伊斯兰信仰。你们难道不满意吗?别人带着羊群和牲畜回去,而你们却要带着安拉的使者ﷺ回去?” “以穆罕默德的灵魂掌握在其手中的那位发誓，若非迁徙之事，我本当成为盖萨尔（辅士）中的一员。若众人走一条路，而辅士走另一条路，我便走辅士的路。主啊，求你降下慈悲于辅士，降于他们的子孙，以及他们子孙的子孙。”众人哭泣，泪水流淌至胡须，他们说：“我们以安拉的使者为我们的份额与所得，我们心甘情愿。”

In distributing the booty, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) showed a great deal of generosity and forgiveness. He (pbuh) also exhibited supreme shrewdness and political awareness. However, some of the Muslims did not realize the motives behind these maneuvers. The Ansar, who had been given nothing from the spoils, began to whisper among themselves about these actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). Unfortunately, they took the matter to the heart. One of them summed up the collective feelings of the others with the words, “By Allah, the Messenger of Allah has met his own people.” Sa’d ibn ‘Ubadah went to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and told him what had happened. He (pbuh) asked, “Where do you stand in this matter Sa’d ?” In reply Sa’d said, “I stand with my people.” Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) said to him, “Then gather your people to this enclosure.” When all concerned were assembled the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) addressed them so, “What is this I hear of you? Do you think ill of me in your hearts? Did I not come to you when you were erring and Allah guided you? Poor and Allah made you rich? Enemies and Allah softened your hearts?” They answered, “Yes indeed, Allah and His Messenger are most kind and generous.” He (pbuh) continued, “Why don’t you answer me O people of Ansar?” They said, “How shall we answer you O Messenger of Allah? Kindness and generosity belong to Allah and His Messenger.” He (pbuh) said, “Had you by Allah so wished you could have said - and you would have spoken the truth and have been believed - you came to us discredited and we believed you; deserted and we helped you; a fugitive and we took you in; poor and we comforted you. Are you disturbed in mind because of the good things of this life by which I win over a people that they may become Muslims while I entrust you to your Islam? Are you not satisfied that men should take away flocks and herds while you take back with you the Messenger of Allah? By him in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, but for the migration, I should be one of the Ansar myself. If all men went one way and the Ansar another I should take the way of the Ansar, O Allah, send Your mercy on the Ansar, their sons and their sons’ sons.” The people wept until the tears ran down their beards and they said, “We are satisfied with the Messenger of Allah as our lot and portion.”.

信使安拉ﷺ从吉兰拉纳返回麦加,与军队一同完成了副朝(‘Umrah)。之后,他ﷺ任命欧塔卜·本·艾斯德为麦加的瓦利(总督),并委派穆阿兹·本·哲白勒负责教导民众伊斯兰教义。信使安拉ﷺ与安萨尔和穆哈吉尔们一同返回了麦地那。

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) returned to Makkah from al-Ji’ranah in order to perform the ‘Umrah together with the army. Afterwards he (pbuh) appointed ‘Utab ibn Usayd as Wali (governor) of Makkah and assigned the task of teaching the people Islam to Mu’adh ibn Jabal. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) returned to Madinah with the Ansar and the Muhajireen.