伊斯兰的宣教从真主的使者(愿主福安之)接受启示的第一天起就已开始。麦加人一直都知道,穆罕默德ﷺ在号召人们信奉一种新的宗教,并且已有许多人皈依了伊斯兰。他们还知道,穆罕默德ﷺ正在聚集他的同伴并照顾他们,而穆斯林则在古莱什其他人面前隐藏自己,同时聚集在一起学习他们的新宗教。

The Islamic call was known from the first day the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) recieved the message. People in Makkah had known all along that Muhammad (pbuh) was calling for a new Deen, and that scores of people had embraced Islam. They also knew that Muhammad (pbuh) was gathering his companions and looking after them, and that the Muslims concealed themselves from the rest of the Quraysh while they grouped together and learned about their new Deen.

人们在麦加都知道这一新的呼吁以及信奉它的人,但他们从未知道这些人在何处聚会,也不知道他们是谁。因此,当安拉的使者ﷺ宣布他的新信仰时,并不令人意外。令麦加人吃惊的是这一新穆斯林群体的出现。当哈姆扎·本·阿卜杜勒·穆塔利卜皈依伊斯兰后,穆斯林的力量大为增强,三天之后,欧麦尔·本·哈塔卜也皈依了。随后,安拉的启示降临了,

People in Makkah were aware of this new call and of those who believed in it, but they never knew where they met nor who they were. That is why when the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) proclaimed his new belief, it did not come as a surprise. What surprised Makkah was the emergence of this new group of Muslims. The Muslims had gained a great deal of strength when Hamzah ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib embraced Islam, followed by ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab three days later. Then came the revelation of Allah (swt),

“因此,你要明白宣扬你所奉命宣传的(真主的启示),并远离以物配主者。{我必保护你,使你不受嘲笑者的侵害。他们之中那些与真主并列别的神灵的人,将会知道。}”[《山谷》(Al-Hijr),15:94-96]

“Therefore, proclaim openly (Allah’s Message), that which you are commanded, and turn away from “Al-Mushrikun”: Truly! We will suffice you against the scoffers. Who set up along with Allah another god, they will come to know” [Al-Hijr, 15: 94-96].

安拉的使者(ﷺ)遵从安拉的命令,在整个麦加向众人展示了他的队伍。他(ﷺ)与圣门弟子们分成两列走出,一列由欧麦尔带领,另一列由哈姆扎带领。圣门弟子们行走的姿态,是古莱西人从未见过的。随后,他(ﷺ)与他们一同绕行天房。

Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) duly obeyed Allah’s command and presented his group to all of Makkah. He (pbuh) went out with his Sahabah in two lines, one led by ‘Umar and the other by Hamzah. The Sahabah walked in a manner that the Quraysh had never witnessed before. He (pbuh) then circumambulated the Ka’bah with them.

这是安拉的使者ﷺ与他的圣门弟子们从秘密传教阶段转向公开传教阶段的时期。此前，他ﷺ只是向那些他认为已经准备好回应其号召的人呼吁、交谈并邀请他们；而此时，他ﷺ开始向所有人宣讲。da‘wah（伊斯兰传教）由此进入了新的阶段：社会中信仰与否认之间的冲突开始显现，正确的理念与腐朽的观念之间开始相互交锋，从而开启了da‘wah的第二个阶段，即互动与斗争的阶段。

This is the stage when Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) moved with his Sahabah from the secret phase to the open one, from calling and addressing and inviting those whom he felt were ready to answer his call, to addressing all people. The Da’wah then took a new turn, the clash between Iman and Kufr in society began, the interaction between the right concepts and the rotten ones began, setting off therefore the second phase of the Da’wah, i.e. the phase of interaction and struggle.

多神教徒开始抵制并对抗伊斯兰的宣教，在此过程中对安拉的使者ﷺ和他的圣门弟子施以各种伤害与侮辱。这一阶段是最为严酷的时期之一。安拉的使者ﷺ的住所被投掷石块，阿布·莱海卜的妻子乌姆·贾米勒则常把污秽之物扔到他ﷺ的家门外。他ﷺ对此或是置之不理，或是将其清除。阿布·哲赫勒曾将一只为祭拜偶像而宰杀的山羊的子宫扔向安拉的使者ﷺ。他ﷺ忍受了这一切，并且会前往女儿法蒂玛的家中，由她为自己清洗整理。这些遭遇非但没有动摇安拉的使者ﷺ的决心，反而更加坚定了他ﷺ，使他更加热切地投身于伊斯兰的宣教。

The disbelievers began resisting and fighting the Da’wah, inflicting in the process all kinds of harm and injury on the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and his Sahabah. This phase was one of the most severest. The house of Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) was stoned and Umm Jamil, wife of Abu Lahab, used to throw impurities outside his home. He (pbuh) just ignored or removed them. Abu Jahl once threw a goat’s uterus, slaughtered as a sacrifice to the idols, at Allah’s Messenger (pbuh). He (pbuh) bore it all, and would go to his daughter Fatimah’s house so that she could clean him up. This only strengthened Allah’s Messenger’s (pbuh) resolve and made him more eager towards the Islamic call.

穆斯林遭受威胁和伤害,每个部落都自行其是,折磨和迫害其中的穆斯林族人。有一次,一个人把他的奴隶比拉勒(Bilal)丢在燃烧的沙地上,并在他胸口压上一块沉重的石头,只因为他坚持信仰伊斯兰教。比拉勒毫不屈服,高声呼喊:"Ahad!Ahad!"(独一的主,独一的主),为了他的主承受了这一切苦难。还有一位妇女在遭受酷刑后死去,只因为她不肯放弃新的信仰,回到祖先的信仰之中。

The Muslims were threatened and hurt, every tribe took it upon itself to torture and persecute its Muslim tribesmen. In one incident, one person left his slave Bilal on the burning sand and placed a heavy rock upon his chest simply because he insisted on Islam. Bilal defiantly uttered the words ‘Ahad! ‘Ahad! (the One, the One) and endured all this suffering for the sake of his Lord. One woman died after being subjected to torture, simply because she would not renounce her new belief and return to the faith of her forefathers.

穆斯林忍受着苦难、折磨、羞辱和匮乏，心中只有一个目标：寻求取悦安拉(SWT)。

The Muslims endured the suffering, torture, humiliation and deprivation with only one aim in mind, seeking to please Allah (swt).