非穆斯林很快就察觉到穆斯林的力量与威势。他们意识到，穆斯林的力量深植于那些从不吝惜为伊斯兰献身的心中：那些心忍受了各种痛苦与迫害，那些心时刻准备着为伊斯兰献出生命。穆斯林在麦地那享受着自己的宗教，践行其律法，这一宗教每天都在攀升到新的高度，穆斯林也因此感到真正的满足与喜悦。

The non-Muslims became aware of the strength and power of the Muslims within a short period of time. They realized that their strength was deeply rooted in hearts never short of sacrifice in the way of Islam, hearts that endured all types of pain and persecution, hearts that were always ready to give up life itself for Islam. There they were in Madinah enjoying their Deen and implementing its rules, a Deen that was reaching new heights each day with the Muslims feeling true contentment and happiness.

伊斯兰的敌人无法接受这一切，邻近的犹太人开始在外在行为上流露出厌恶之情。当穆斯林日益坚定、许多人响应伊斯兰的召唤时，他们的恐惧与日俱增，并开始重新思考和审视自己对穆罕默德ﷺ及其圣门弟子的立场。犹太人对其中皈依伊斯兰的人感到愤怒。他们担心伊斯兰会渗透进他们的队伍并在他们中间传播，于是便攻击伊斯兰及其信仰和律法。穆斯林与犹太人之间随之展开了激烈的争辩和心理战，这场冲突后来发展成为比穆斯林在麦加所遭遇的古莱士人的争端更为激烈的纷争。

The enemies of Islam could not digest this, and signs of revulsion began to outwardly manifest themselves in the neighboring Jews. Their fears grew and they began to rethink and reconsider their position towards Muhammad (pbuh) and his Sahabah now that the Muslims were becoming unshakable and many people were responding to the call of Islam. The Jews were enraged by those amongst them who converted to Islam. They feared that Islam would infiltrate their ranks and spread among them and so they attacked Islam, its beliefs and rules. Heated argument and a war of nerves ensued between the Muslims and Jews, this was to develop into a much fiercer dispute than the Muslims had to endure with the Quraysh in Makkah.

阴谋、虚伪，以及他们对先知和使者们的隐秘知识，是犹太人在对穆罕默德ﷺ及其圣门弟子的思想战争中所使用的主要武器。他们中的一些拉比假装皈依伊斯兰，与穆斯林同坐，伪装虔诚。不久，他们便开始表现出怀疑和犹豫的迹象，向穆罕默德ﷺ提出各种问题，希望动摇穆斯林对其信仰（'Aqeedah）以及伊斯兰所代表的真理之道的坚定信念。

Conspiracy, hypocrisy and their furtive knowledge of the former Prophets and Messengers were the main weapons used by the Jews in their intellectual war against Muhammad (pbuh) and his Sahabah. Some of their rabbis pretended to embrace Islam, sat with the Muslims and faked their piety. Soon they were to show signs of doubt and uncertainty by asking Muhammad (pbuh) questions in the hope of shaking the conviction of the Muslims in their ‘Aqeedah and the Message of Truth which Islam stood for.

犹太人得到了一群奥斯和赫兹拉杰人的加入。这些人表面上皈依伊斯兰教，实际上是怀着挑拨离间、在穆斯林中制造敌意和混乱的目的。尽管双方曾立下盟约，犹太人与穆斯林之间的争论有时竟演变成了肢体冲突。

The Jews were joined by a group of the ‘Aus and Khazraj who embraced Islam hypocritically in the hope of causing animosity and confusion amongst the Muslims. The argument between the Jews and Muslims turned into physi- cal confrontation at times despite the oath between them.

一个鲜明的例子体现了犹太人的顽固与敌意:阿布·伯克尔有一次失去了耐心,而要知道,阿布·伯克尔是以智慧、忍耐和沉稳的性格著称的人。据传,阿布·伯克尔曾劝一个名叫芬哈斯的犹太人敬畏安拉并皈依伊斯兰教。

A vivid example of the Jewish stubbornness and hatred was reflected in Abu Bakr’s loss of temper on one occasion, bearing in mind that Abu Bakr was a man noted for his wisdom, patience and calm character. It is reported that Abu Bakr called on a Jew named Finhas to fear Allah and embrace Islam.

Finhas回答道："与真主相比，我们并不贫穷，而是祂谦卑地向我们示好；我们不需要祂，而祂却需要我们。若祂不需要我们，祂就不会像你们的先知所声称的那样，要我们把钱借给祂，同时禁止你们取利息，却允许我们取利息。若祂不需要我们，祂也不会把利息赐给我们。"Finhas所指的，是真主的话语：

Finhas replied, “We are not poor compared to Allah but He humbles Himself to us; we are independent of Him while He needs us. Were He independent of us He would not ask us to lend Him our money as your prophet pretends, prohibiting you to take interest and allowing us to. Had He been independent of us He would not have given us interest.” Finhas was referring to Allah’s I saying,

“谁愿意借给真主一笔美好的借贷，使真主为他加倍偿还？”{《黄牛》，2:245}。

“Who is he that will lend to Allah a goodly loan so that He may give it increase manifold?” [Al-Baqarah, 2:245].

阿布·伯克尔无法克制自己的愤怒，怒不可遏，一拳打在芬哈斯的脸上，说道：“以掌握我命运的主发誓，若不是我们之间有盟约，我定会砍下你的头，你这个真主的敌人！”

Abu Bakr could not control his anger, and was so enraged that he hit Finhas in the face and said, “By Him in whose hands my destiny rests, were it not for the treaty between us, I would cut off your head, you enemy of Allah!”.

穆斯林与犹太人之间的争论变得非常激烈,并持续了相当长一段时间。与此同时,约六十名来自奈季兰的基督教骑手抵达了麦地那。他们想必听说了犹太人与穆斯林之间的敌意,并希望这一裂痕会进一步加深,从而使基督教得以称雄,摆脱这两种宗教——按照他们的说法,这两种宗教都在与基督教争夺主导地位。这群基督徒同时与穆斯林和犹太人保持着联系。

The argument between the Muslims and Jews became very heated and went on for quite sometime. Meanwhile, about sixty Christian riders from Najran arrived in Madinah. They must have heard about the animosity between the Jews and Muslims and hoped that the rift would deepen so that Christianity could come to reign and rid itself from both religions, which were both challenging it for supremacy according to their claims. This group of Christians were in touch with both the Muslims and the Jews.

安拉的使者ﷺ将他们与犹太人一同视为“有经人”，并邀请他们两者归信伊斯兰。他ﷺ向他们诵读了安拉的经文：

Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) regarded them, together with the Jews, as ‘People of the Book’ and invited them both to Islam. He (pbuh) recited to them Allah’s I saying,

“{说（穆罕默德啊）：“有经人啊！你们和我们之间，当有一个共同的道理：我们只崇拜安拉，不以任何物与他并列，我们之中也不以任何人作为安拉之外的主宰。”如果他们背弃，你们就说：“你们应当作证，我们是顺服的人。”}”[《阿尔·伊姆兰家族》，3:64] Note: I've kept the Qur'anic verse text as it appears in the original, so the ﷺ honorific is not inserted within the verse.

“Say (O Muhammad): “O people of the scripture (Jews and Christians) : Come to a word that is just between us and you, That we worship none but Allah, and we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allah. Then, if they turn away, say: “Bear witness that we are Muslims.” [Al-Imran, 3:64].

犹太教徒和基督教徒问他(愿主福安之)他所信奉的先知是哪些，于是他向他们诵读了真主的话：

The Jews and the Christians asked him (pbuh) about the Prophets he believed in and he recited to them Allah’s saying,

“你说：“我们信仰真主，信仰降示给我们的经典，信仰降示给易卜拉欣、伊斯玛仪、以撒、雅各和众支派（雅各的十二个儿子）的经典，信仰赐给穆萨和尔撒的经典，信仰他们的主所赐给众先知的经典。我们不在他们之间分别任何一人，我们是归顺他的。”{《黄牛章》2:136}

“Say, “We believe in Allah and that which has been sent down to us and that which has been sent down to Ibrahim, Isma’eel, Isaac, Jacob, and to Al-Asbat (twelve sons of Jacob), and that which has been given to Moses and Jesus, and that which has been given to the Prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we have submitted (in Islam)” [Al-Baqarah, 2:136].

他们再也找不出什么可以对他说的话了。他们的内心其实接受了证据，真理已经显明，但他们却因固执己见而不肯信从。犹太教徒和基督教徒担心自己的地位、声誉和身份，其中有些人甚至承认了这一点。据传，来自奈季兰基督教代表团中的一员、最有学识的学者之一阿布·哈里萨，曾对一位朋友坦言，他已被穆罕默德ﷺ所讲的内容说服。朋友问他是什么阻止了他信仰，他答道："这些人（罗马人或拜占庭人）对待我们的方式。他们赐予我们头衔，向我们发放津贴，并给予我们尊荣。但他们绝对反对他，如果我接受他，他们就会夺走你所看到的我们拥有的一切。"这证明，阻止他们真正信仰的，是顽固、执拗，以及自私和狭隘的个人利益与好处。 随后，安拉的使者ﷺ邀请基督教徒进行相互诅咒的祈祷，如果他们反对他的话。他向他们诵读了安拉的话：

They could find nothing more to say to him. Their hearts would accept the evidence and the Truth was revealed, but they would not believe out of Debating the Jews and Christians fear for their positions, reputation and status, some of them in fact admitted this. It has been narrated that Abu Harithah, an individual from one of the Christian delegations from Najran and one of the most knowledgeable scholars, confessed to a friend that he was convinced by what Muhammad (pbuh) had said, and when his friend asked him what prevented him from believing, he replied, “The way these people (the Romans or Byzantines) treated us. They have given us titles, paid us subsidies, and honored us. But they are absolutely opposed to him, and if I were to accept him they would take from us all that you see.” This proved that what prevented them from true belief was pig-headedness, stubbornness, selfish and petty personal benefit and interest. Then the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) invited the Christians to a mutual invocation of a curse if they opposed him and he read to them Allah’s saying,

“然后，凡在知识已降临你之后，还与你争论他（耶稣）的人，你就说：“来吧！让我们把我们的子女和你们的子女，我们的妇女和你们的妇女，我们自己和你们自己都召集来，然后我们同心祈祷，把真主的诅咒加在说谎者身上。”” [《阿勒·伊姆兰》，3:61]

“Then whoever disputes with you concerning him (Jesus) after (all this) knowledge that has come to you, Say: “Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves - then we pray and invoke the Curse of Allah upon those who lie.” [Al-Imran, 3:61].

他们相互商议之后宣布，决定不再以咒骂相对，而是任由他留守他的宗教，他们则回归自己的宗教。此外，他们请求他派一位他信得过的人，去裁断他们之间某些存在争议的财务问题。于是，真主的使者ﷺ派遣阿布·欧拜代·本·吉拉目去依照伊斯兰教为他们裁决。

They took council among themselves after which they declared that they had decided not to resort to cursing and to leave him (pbuh) to his Deen while they would return to theirs. In addition to this they asked him to send a man whom he (pbuh) could trust to decide between them in certain financial matters in dispute among them. So the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah to judge between them according to Islam.

伊斯兰宣教的力量、伊斯兰信仰的强大以及源自真理的论证之力，成功地驳倒了伪信者、犹太人和基督徒所提出的一切论点。他们那些非伊斯兰的观念很快便消失了，只有伊斯兰留存下来，成为凌驾一切、本质上正确的意识形态；人们如今不断讨论其律法，并邀请他人加入。伊斯兰深深扎根，其旗帜覆盖了所有思想与统治事务。 然而，伪信者和犹太人的内心依旧充满对穆斯林的憎恨，对他们更加嫉妒和鄙视。尽管如此，伊斯兰在麦地那的权威，以及伊斯兰社会的稳定与坚实根基，已经占据了主导地位。穆斯林发动的各次远征以及所展示的实力，有效地压制了一切病态的心灵。安拉的话语至高无上，伊斯兰的敌人被迫保持沉默，臣服于伊斯兰的权威之下。

The force of the Islamic Da’wah, the power of the Islamic belief and the strength of argument emanating as it did from the Truth managed to defeat all the arguments raised by the hypocrites, the Jews and the Christians. Their non-Islamic concepts soon vanished and only Islam remained as the overriding and inherently correct ideology, with people now continuously discussing its rules and inviting others to it. Islam became deeply rooted and its banner engulfed all ideological and ruling matters. However, the hearts of the hypocrites and the Jews remained bent on hatred towards the Muslims, begrudging and despising them all the more. Nevertheless, the authority of Islam in Madinah and the stability and solid foundation of the Islamic society dominated everything. The various expeditions and the show of strength displayed by the Muslims effectively managed to silence all sick minds. The Word of Allah (swt) reigned supreme and the enemies of Islam were forced to remain quiet and to submit to the authority of Islam.